tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56996991306319039712024-03-17T20:03:06.648-07:00Muscle Oxygen TrainingBJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.comBlogger144125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-7692896529039177262024-02-20T11:57:00.000-08:002024-02-20T12:06:41.022-08:00HRVTs: Agreement with Established Approaches and Reproducibility, MSSE 2024<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The field of HRV threshold research has progressed over the past several years. We have learned quite a bit, but some questions still remain. One issue that continues is just how well the first threshold, HRVT1 agrees with established measures such as lactate and gas exchange. In addition, the repeatability of these thresholds is quite important for everyday use. Today, <a href="https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/abstract/9900/heart_rate_variability_thresholds__agreement_with.475.aspx">our newest work was released</a> in one of the most well known sports medicine journals, MSSE. The manuscript stands on it's own merits and I encourage you to read through it (I'm including the intro and discussion below). </span></p><p><span style="color: #0b5394;"><i>I want to thank Juan Murias, the team at Calgary and his grad student, Pablo Fleitas-Paniagua, whose hard work made this possible. What started as some email correspondence with Juan many years ago has blossomed into some very cool research into a series of cutting edge topics. This has been a fun project and a valuable learning experience on my end.</i></span><br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--> </p><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYIZ541Y0u9ISx9yzcqA-oVqZ8pFWF9xu1zmhrxVEvDtcdL8MVGJzNB7Izv7dXxhSRAAhMKrFqkmMKWiDVTgW9iMzm_5hOV18qaOBQ1YLK24PrQxMtqr0FmNUuYOqlSKT6RqixqFJe8Yapyfl8L0D7bEgI1_blkfroScp9LvV38R8_0eW-zWqzvxCCLY4/s907/msse.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="907" data-original-width="857" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYIZ541Y0u9ISx9yzcqA-oVqZ8pFWF9xu1zmhrxVEvDtcdL8MVGJzNB7Izv7dXxhSRAAhMKrFqkmMKWiDVTgW9iMzm_5hOV18qaOBQ1YLK24PrQxMtqr0FmNUuYOqlSKT6RqixqFJe8Yapyfl8L0D7bEgI1_blkfroScp9LvV38R8_0eW-zWqzvxCCLY4/w604-h640/msse.png" width="604" /></a></div><p></p><p><b>Intro:</b></p><p>An important consideration for endurance exercise training and fitness intervention is the proper delineation of the boundaries separating exercise intensity domains (i.e., moderate, heavy, and severe) (1–5), and the various exercise intensity zones that can be compartmentalized within them. To that end, efforts are continuously made to circumvent reliance on the more invasive, costly, and laboratory-based testing modalities such as gas exchange and lactate blood testing (6–9).<br />Detrended fluctuation analysis alpha 1 (DFA a1) is an index of heart rate variability (HRV) that has gathered interest as a means to demarcate the boundaries separating the moderate, heavy, and severe exercise intensity domains (9). Unlike other well-established practices for threshold determination that require gas-exchange, ventilatory, and lactate evaluations during incremental tests, or the performance of relatively long and/or exhaustive trials (i.e., maximal lactate steady state and critical power) (10–14), these boundaries can be estimated by analyzing DFA a1 using inexpensive wearable devices and software applications (15–18). This makes the use of HRV-derived thresholds (HRVT) suitable for exercise training prescription and monitoring for the large population unable to utilize “gold standard” methods. Although several publications have found good group agreement of these HRVTs with either gas exchange or lactate-based measures (7, 8, 16–19), others have not and have shown large degrees of bias in the moderate to heavy boundary (7, 20, 21). Even when group mean measures are in good agreement, individual levels of bias may remain high. To help reduce individual bias, recent attempts have been made to improve the accuracy of surrogate threshold determination by combining HRVT with other physiological variables such as breathing frequency (20) and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived thresholds (8).<br />Similar to other HRV indexes studied during an incremental test (22, 23), the DFA a1 index decreases as exercise intensity increases. A value of 0.75 (HRVT1) has been associated with responses corresponding with those observed at the gas exchange threshold (GET) or the first lactate threshold (LT1) (16, 17, 19). Although HRVT1 has been reported as an effective tool to demarcate the moderate-heavy exercise intensity boundary during incremental tests on the treadmill (17) as well as during cycling exercise in male participants (19), other studies have not been as clear (7, 20, 21). Careful evaluation of the results seen in a study comparing different ramps (7), another involving cycling (20) and one composed of only female participants (21), revealed an overestimation of the HRVT1 in comparison to the GET. As the intensity of the exercise increases above the GET, DFA a1 continues to decline with a value of 0.5 (HRVT2) being strongly associated with the respiratory compensation point (RCP) (7, 8, 18, 20, 21) or second lactate threshold (19), which can be used to identify the metabolic rate demarcating the boundary between the heavy and the severe exercise intensity domains (24, 25). Studies that have investigated HRVT2 during incremental exercise on a treadmill (18) and on a cycle-ergometer in females and males (8, 20, 21) have shown a strong agreement between HRVT2 and the boundary separating heavy from severe intensity exercise. Additionally, a recent study has shown during three different ramp incremental rates (15 W·min-1, 30 W·min-1, and 45 W·min-1) that the heart rate (HR) and the oxygen consumption (V̇O2) at which HRVT1 and HRVT2 occur were consistent across ramps in both female and male participants, independently of the intensity increase rate (7).<br />Despite the practical value of using HRVTs, the reasons for some of the inconsistent results indicated above remain unknown. Thus, to confidently use DFA a1 derived thresholds to demarcate exercise intensity domains, more research is needed to establish the validity and reproducibility of DFA a1 as a proxy to estimate physiological thresholds (9). Additionally, to date, no study has examined the reproducibility of identical incremental protocols of HRVT measures. This is a critical aspect because consistent responses are needed for HRVT estimations to be useful in practical settings. Therefore, given the conflicting results concerning HRVT1 and GET/LT1 agreement, a study with larger sample sizes of both male and female participants, and consideration of both lactate and gas exchange thresholds would be helpful. <br />The present study aimed to determine i) the agreement between GET, LT1 and HRVT1; ii) the agreement between RCP, LT2 and HRVT2 and; iii) the reproducibility of HRVT1 and HRVT2 determination during 2 min incremental step protocols in female and male trained individuals. We hypothesize that, based on prior studies (7, 20, 21), the HR and V̇O2 at the HRVT1 may be overestimated compared to those at the GET/LT1, but that the HR and V̇O2 at the HRVT2 would show excellent agreement to the RCP/LT2. Moreover, based on the previous observation that individual HRVTs performed using ramp slopes between 15 to 45 W·min-1 showed excellent correlation and agreement (7), we hypothesize that HRVT1/2 reproducibility during similar step-tests would be high as well.<br /></p><p><b>DISCUSSION</b><br />The aim of this study was to explore the strength of agreement between the HRVT1 with the GET/LT1, the HRVT2 with the RCP/LT2, as well as to assess the reproducibility of HRVT1 and HRVT2 across two identical testing protocols. The main findings were that: i) there was a strong agreement between the V̇O2 and HR reached at the HRVT2 compared to the values observed at the RCP/LT2; ii) there was significant bias in the V̇O2 and HR seen at the HRVT1 compared to the values obtained at the GET/LT1; iii) regardless of whether HRVT1 or HRVT2 agreed with recognized “gold standard” measurements, the reproducibility of individual HRV related thresholds was good.<br />HRVT2 and RCP/LT2 agreement.<br />The strong HRVT2 agreement with established methods to determine the heavy-severe intensity boundary such as the RCP and the LT2, reinforces results from previous investigations using both cycling and running test modalities (8, 18, 20, 21). Group bias of the HRVT2 compared to the RCP was negligible (i.e., < ±1 bpm for HR and < ±1 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 for V̇O2), with LOAs of ~15 bpm and 9 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 and no meaningful differences when stratified by sex (Figure 3). The HRVT2 agreement to the LT2 was also high (i.e., < ±1 bpm for HR and < ±1 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 for V̇O21), with LOAs of ~17 bpm and 10 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, which also displayed no meaningful differences between females and males (Table 2). Furthermore, moderate to strong correlations of HR and V̇O2 at the HRVT2 to the HR and V̇O2 at the RCP (r > 0.65) and the LT2 (r > 0.50) were found. The confidence interval within the limits of agreements confirm equivalence for V̇O2-HRVT2 and HR-HRVT2 for both, females and males. Although the small biases and the high correlations between the HRVT2 and well-established outcomes of the threshold separating the heavy to severe intensity domains (i.e., the RCP and the LT2) existed, one should still consider the moderately wide LOA of either V̇O2 or HR, which could make exact individual participant threshold identification challenging. As previously proposed, using a combination of non-invasive, consumer grade device-based signals such as HRV, near-infrared spectroscopy deoxyhemoglobin, and/or breathing frequency (e.g., HRVT2, [HHb]BP, and EDRT2, respectively) for the estimation of the heavy-severe boundary of exercise appears to lead to more precise delineation of this threshold (8, 20). Further, it should be considered that exact identification of exercise intensity thresholds is not absolutely precise, even when using the commonly accepted gold-standard evaluations. For example, gas exchange and ventilatory parameters are known to have noise in the signal of ~100-150 mL∙kg-1∙min-1 (38, 39), and to rely on the interpretation of an experienced evaluator (with typically at least two evaluators contributing to the analysis) (3). Lactate derived thresholds also include limitations for the analysis that can be impacted by the approach used for their estimations (e.g., visual inspection, mathematical model, etc.) (31, 40), and by the amplitude of the steps selected for the evaluation. Then, given the uncertainties that even the so-called “gold-standard” approaches, and considering the negligible bias in HR and V̇O2 and the high correlations reported in this study, the HRVT2 can be considered a viable low-cost, non-invasive surrogate to approximate the RCP or LT2.<br />HRVT1 and GET/LT1 agreement.<br />The HRVT1 agreement to the GET/LT1 was considerably weaker than that of the HRVT2 to the RCP/LT2. The mean bias for the GET was significant and relatively high in females and males for both HR and V̇O2 (i.e., > ±11 bpm and > ±5 mL∙kg-1∙min-1) (Figure 2). This was similar for the HRVT1 to LT1 agreement, which showed a significant bias in both females and males that was greater than 14 bpm (Table 2). Similarly, the LOA for HRVT1 in relation to the GET for both HR and V̇O2 were large (>22 bpm and 9 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, respectively), and the correlations were also weaker than those seen for the HRVT2 metrics. Thus, unlike what was observed for the HRVT2 in relation to the RCP and LT2, the viability of the HRVT1 as a low-cost, non-invasive surrogate to the GET or LT1 is not evident based on the present data. The positive bias observed for the HRVT1 (i.e., greater HR and V̇O2) in relation to the GET has been noted in several other reports (7, 20, 21). In a study exploring HRVTs in female participants, the positive bias in the HRVT1 was speculated to be a consequence of sex hormone differences. However, in the current report, although the positive bias seen in the female cohort was similar to the previous study in women (21), the group bias in males was even larger, which is at odds with the idea postulated above. Nevertheless, contrary to the current study, Mateo March et al. (19), using a similar cycling model with LT1 determination criteria, the same HRV interpretation software (Kubios), and recording device (Polar H10), found strong agreement and negligible bias in the HRVT1 compared to the LT1. Strong agreement with minimal bias was also seen in smaller studies using both the Polar H10 (16, 41) and ECG recording devices (17, 42).</p><p><br /><b>Explaining the discrepancy.</b><br />The reasons for the ambiguities noted in the literature investigating HRVT1 are not easily explained. The strong agreement observed when assessing HRVT1, HRVT2, GET, and RCP in three different ramps and using the same methodology for thresholds detection might indicate that there is a tight physiological mechanism behind. Studies where GET was assessed based on the concept of a change in ventilation at the beginning of the isocapnic buffering (Figure 1A) related to an increase in [La-]b (Figure 1B) found an overestimation of HRVT1. The discrepancy in the results shown by different research groups might be due to the different incremental protocols and analysis models used to estimate thresholds. The rate of increase in workload can affect the dynamic profiles of some physiological responses such as V̇O2 and [La-]b, (40, 43). Further, the criteria or mathematical model used to evaluate exercise thresholds can also affects the V̇O2 or HR assigned to each of them (31). For instance, methods like the excess carbon dioxide detect a later breakpoint related to the change in the V̇E/V̇CO2 relationship (Figure 1A) (44). Several potential factors have been noted to affect DFA a1 measurement including artifact correction methodology (33), recording device bias (33), ECG vs chest strap sensor pad placement and HRV preprocessing/detrending (9, 45). Although recording devices have varied per published report, it is apparent that studies using the identical device (Polar H10), HRV software (Kubios HRV), and working off low artifact data have shown markedly different HRVT1 agreements to what is reported here (19). To explore other considerations, an examination of the logic behind the HRVT1 concept is in order. The HRVT1 was originally founded on the notion that cardiac beat to beat correlation patterns decline as exercise intensity rises, reaching certain benchmark values that denote the GET, then eventually, the RCP. DFA a1 is a dimensionless number representative of the fractal complexity, correlation of the cardiac beat series and is primarily determined by autonomic nervous system balance. After reviewing past studies concerning DFA a1 decline with increasing work rates, it was observed that index values were well above 1.0 at very low intensities, moved through a “partially” correlated zone at moderate intensities, passed the “uncorrelated” value of 0.5 near the heavy/severe intensity boundary, and finally reaching values below 0.5, signifying an “anticorrelated” pattern at severe intensities (15). It was originally theorized that at the GET/LT1, the cardiac beat pattern would be found in an intermediate zone between well correlated (DFA a1 > 1) and uncorrelated (DFA a1 = 0.5) behavior, which was set to 0.75 (17). Since the HRVT1 was based on a hypothetical midpoint, it can be argued that some individuals may have higher baselines and hence altered midpoints from the fixed 0.75. Although not done in the current data set, recalculation based on either adjusted midpoints or back calculation from the GET to derive “personal” DFA a1 HRVT1 values should be further explored. As seen in figure 2, utilizing the HRVT1 boundaries for training purposes would have led to inappropriate training targets in the majority of individuals, illustrating the need to better define the HRVT1.<br />In contrast, virtually all studies to date show strong agreement of the RCP to the HRVT2 (8, 18, 20, 21). The weaker agreement of the HRVT2 to the LT2 seen in one report could be attributed to a variation in LT2 definition (19). As opposed to the HRVT1, the reasoning behind the HRVT2 (a DFA a1 value of 0.5 corresponding to the RCP), is more straightforward. The value of 0.5 represents a random, uncorrelated beat pattern with loss of fractal properties (46). A potential functional objective of these correlation rhythm patterns may be a physiologic optimization and/or stabilization strategy to best suit internal load requirements (47). As DFA a1 values drop below the uncorrelated boundary (below 0.5), they enter an anticorrelated range. This behavior may denote a condition of maximum organismic energy flow at the cost of cardiovascular self-regulation and can only be maintained for short time spans (48). In view of these considerations, the HRVT2 association to a discrete mathematical concept of cardiac regulation differs from the observational “midpoint” nature of the HRVT1 and therefore may display less individual variability.</p><p><b><br />HRVT reproducibility.</b><br />When depending upon a given surrogate value for intensity threshold purposes, not only it is important to have good group and individual agreement, but it is imperative that the test is reproducible when done on a repeated basis. Thus far, no studies evaluating reproducibility of DFA a1 related HRVTs have been published. Even with a four month of gap between sessions, the results seen here indicate good to excellent degree of reliability based on two repeat tests with an ICC > 0.86, Pearson’s r > 0.79 for HRVT1, an ICC > 0.81, Pearson’s r > 0.68 for HRVT2, and no difference between mean values according to paired t testing (p > 0.05). These results somewhat mimic those seen in the comparison of HRVTs derived from cycling ramps of different slopes (7). That analysis showed very strong correlation with negligible bias of both the HRVT1 and HRVT2 over ramp slopes of 15, 30 and 45 W·min-1. Based on the present results and those of the cycling ramp slope report, it appears that HRVT1 and HRVT2 are highly reproducible and repeatable even when a significant bias is present as in the case of the HRVT1 in relation to the GET/LT1. Therefore, if an athlete was able to calculate a personal HRVT1 and HRVT2 against an established method (GET, RCP, LT1, LT2, or others), they potentially could use HRVT boundaries for training intensity distribution and longitudinal physiologic benchmarks. Additionally, since deriving the HRVTs may not require exercise testing to exhaustion, incorporating brief testing sessions for the purpose of monitoring fitness status or assessing autonomic fatigue may be practical.<br />Experimental considerations<br />Discussions concerning HRVT and DFA a1 methodological limitations has been reviewed previously (9). Considerations include proper software preprocessing (detrending), low artifact containing data, optimal chest belt placement and mixed female/male participants. Further, in this study in which short steps were used, the dissociation between V̇O2 and PO from incremental compared to constant load exercise could not be fully resolved. Thus, the HR and V̇O2 rather than the PO associated with the HRVTs were calculated. Alternatively, when identifying the PO associated with the HRVTs is relevant, longer steps that allow for steady state response (49), or short steps/ramp incremental test that consider the mean response time and the slow component of V̇O2 (50, 51) and/or shallow ramp slopes (43) would be recommended. Additionally, since an autonomic index such as DFA a1 may be affected by fatigue, testing after prior intense exercise, stress or infection may affect the results. Although the 2-minute measurement window with a short-term fluctuation (N1) setting of 4 ≤ n ≤ 16 beats was used in previous HRVT studies, modification of these settings may or may not improve agreements with gold standards. The modifications could be further evaluated thought a sensitivity and/or exploratory factor analysis. Finally, the relationship of DFA a1 related behavior with constant work exercises below, at, and above threshold estimations needs further exploration.<br /><b>Conclusion</b><br />The agreement of the DFA a1 based HRVT1 HR and V̇O2 to the GET/LT1 HR and V̇O2 exhibited a substantial bias with moderate correlation in both females and males. Despite this, there was strong agreement/correlation between the HRVT2 HR and V̇O2 with those values derived from the RCP/LT2. Test to test reproducibility of HRVT1/2 was excellent with similar ICC when comparing to established methods during test 1 and test 2. The current study provides evidence that the HRVT2 is a reproducible estimate of the RCP/LT2 but further investigation into better defining and improving HRVT1 methodology is needed. <br /></p><p><b style="font-family: arial;">Reviewer comments.</b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As a change of pace, I wanted to share a couple of interesting questions posed by the reviewers. The first has to do with the sample rate of the Polar H10 and the second with altering the "window width" of the DFA a1 calculation (4 minutes instead of 2 minutes).</span></p><p>Comment #1 - <span style="color: #3d85c6;">As another example, although a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz is mentioned, as far as I know the ECG waveform with that sampling rate is not available from the H10 sensor, only the RR interval time series, which does not have a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz unless it was somehow resampled as such. A few additional details on the processing steps would help the reader understand potential limitations.</span></p><p>Thank you for your comment. Polar does publish an API that allows for ECG recording with a fixed sample rate of 130 Hz (as seen in the Polar API https://github.com/polarofficial/polar-ble-sdk). We used the Android app “ECG logger” which uses the Polar API and records the Bluetooth output from the H10 as continuous ECG data stream for the purpose of waveform optimization and belt placement. The actual<br />sample rate for RR recording for the H10 is conventionally noted as being 1000 Hz<br />(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-38329-w#Sec8 and<br />https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31004219/), <b>however, there is no “official” documentation currently on the Polar site showing this (to our surprise).</b> It has also been discussed on the Polar API GitHub site<br />(https://github.com/polarofficial/polar-ble-sdk/issues/343) and it seems that there is some relation to a<br />1/1024 time fractionation. The Polar H10 related DFA a1 agreement to a reference ECG (lead 2, 500 Hz<br />sample rate) during incremental exercise has been evaluated previously (Schaffarczyk et al., Validity of the Polar H10 Sensor for Heart Rate Variability Analysis during Resting State and Incremental Exercise in<br />Recreational Men and Women. Sensors 2022, 22, 6536. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176536) and the<br />correlation /agreement was strong.</p><p><b style="font-family: arial;">Take home lesson - there is no published "official" sample rate for the H10 RR series!</b></p><p>Comment #2 - <span style="color: #3d85c6;">The authors claim that 2 min recordings were chosen based on the minimum number of RR intervals recommended for DFA and cite Chen et al. as evidence. I'm not certain Chen et al. advocated for such short windows to obtain a consistent/robust DFA metric.<br />Although short time series (256-400 RR intervals) can produce accurate DFA values, it is by no means<br />guaranteed.</span></p><p><br />Thank you for highlighting this as it is a very interesting topic for discussion. This has been a concern from the start, with some theoretical exploration as well (clinical eval here, https://www.mdpi.com/1424-<br />8220/23/6/3325 and theoretical here, https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/24/1/61). Originally, based on<br />a previous study from Chen’s research group<br />(https://journals.aps.org/pre/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevE.64.011114), they recommended a ratio of N/10<br />between the total number of points included in the window and the short term fluctuation window width.<br />The reference was updated including their previous paper (line 166). Assuming HRVT1 above 80 bpm (or<br />160 bpm in the 2 minutes time window) this time window has been often chosen in the literature as a<br />compromise between accurate physiologic evaluation and DFA a1 validity. If we used longer time spans,<br />we potentially would not capture the dynamic changes to the index as exercise intensity rises. For<br />instance, with a 45 watt/minute ramp, a 4-minute DFA a1 measurement will encompass 180 watts of<br />intensity change. Therefore, even at peak intensity, a good portion of the HRV window will contain<br />substantially lower intensity effects. The example below may shed some light on this issue. The following<br />plot of DFA a1 over time is from a participant who performed a 45 watt/min ramp (data from<br />https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/phy2.15782 and the same participant in Figure 1B).<br />The plot below includes warmup, a step up for MRT calculation (the dip in a1 at 1000 seconds) the full<br />ramp and cool down. We plotted the DFA a1 using the “conventional” 2-minute sample window as well<br />as a 4-minute sample window. One can observe that during steady state exercise (warmup/cooldown),<br />the a1 is quite similar. However, there is a difference in both curve shape and curve nadir during the ramp:<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie4O_Ryg4hCiJPpZwx-lbpR1xyT8mnlvgBNKMW7LD09vG1E7hamRK6DFBtT2enOlPhvrnnalSZcPSRBUR2W0X1xAzyEuT7gZhghkrX410fQjhuLlU1duc2DmrXJSs0VFR5upXO1jlb-La5LOTEmKYB_V6POoJqsth9bCAC8It1sL7qzwlw-Yyg4vd0F5Y/s983/4%20vs%202%20min.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="983" data-original-width="774" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie4O_Ryg4hCiJPpZwx-lbpR1xyT8mnlvgBNKMW7LD09vG1E7hamRK6DFBtT2enOlPhvrnnalSZcPSRBUR2W0X1xAzyEuT7gZhghkrX410fQjhuLlU1duc2DmrXJSs0VFR5upXO1jlb-La5LOTEmKYB_V6POoJqsth9bCAC8It1sL7qzwlw-Yyg4vd0F5Y/w504-h640/4%20vs%202%20min.png" width="504" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Take home lesson</b> - a1 measurement windows longer than 2 min are not suitable for rapidly changing situations such as incremental ramps, but could be useful for more steady state conditions (pre/post ramp) or constant intensity testing.</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Overall study comments:</b></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This reports adds to the existing evidence that the HRVT2 is a valid proxy for the RCP/LT2 at least on a group basis. Additionally, adding EDRT and/or NIRS O2 desaturation breakpoints should get you even closer to individual gold standards.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There needs to be further thought on the HRVT1 concept since this report along with what we cited above (and recently <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1329360/full">this</a>) indicate over estimation compared to the GET/LT1/VT1. We are currently working on that topic.....😁<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Day to day repeatability of HRVT1/2 is quite good as noted in the current study and the new report in <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2024.1329360/full" target="_blank">Frontiers</a>. Therefore, even is the HRV threshold is biased, at least it will be repeatable, making it useful for following fitness, illness, stress and fatigue. This repeatability is also i<a href="https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/phy2.15782" target="_blank">ndependent of ramp slope</a> (15 to 45 w/min).</span></li></ul><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 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"helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span 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size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/12/a-tale-of-2-hrvs-afib-vs-noise.html"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A tale of 2 HRVs - afib vs noise </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></a></span> 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size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", 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small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/05/dfa-a1-review-and-update-frontiers-2022.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", 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style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/08/fitness-dashboard-review-a1-and-more.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Fitness Dashboard - initial review </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-metrics-ecg-vs-hrv.html">Respiratory Rate metrics, ECG vs HRV, Kubios vs Garmin</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-correlation-to-lactate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Respiratory rate correlation to lactate during exercise </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/kubios-scientific-and-dfa-a1-thresholds.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Kubios Scientific and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/alphahrv-vs-garmin-resp-rate-david-vs.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">alphaHRV respiratory rate tracking vs Garmin/Kubios</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/a-new-paradigm-for-intensity-thresholds.html" target="_blank">A new paradigm for Intensity thresholds - combining surrogate markers</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html" target="_blank">Ramp slope and HRV a1 thresholds - does it matter?</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/06/combining-nirs-and-dfa-a1-for-critical.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Combining NIRS and DFA a1 for critical intensity estimation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/12/dfa-a1-2023-year-in-review.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 2023 year in review</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-62420994669963247942023-12-28T15:36:00.000-08:002023-12-29T03:43:31.102-08:00DFA a1 2023 year in review<p><span style="font-family: arial;">As the last days of 2023 approach, I would like to briefly point out several key findings published over the past 12 months. This is not meant to be totally definitive and I may have missed some good studies. However, from my viewpoint, the following subjects stand out:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The value of <i>combining</i> surrogate thresholds.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The need for better agreement of the HRVT1 with VT1/LT1.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The use of DFA a1 for assessment and monitoring of fatigue.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The day to day reliability of DFA a1 thresholds and behavior.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Effects of ramp slope on a1 threshold behavior</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Ramp Slope - does it matter?</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">One of the key observations concerning a1 threshold determination was that ramp slope (between 15 and 45w/min) <a href="https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/phy2.15782">does not affect HRVT1/2</a>. Before this study was done, I would have bet that ramp slope would affect threshold determination and certainly 45w/min should be a dealbreaker. After all, 45w/min is a massive 90 watt rise over the 2 minute DFA a1 measurement window! Instead, we found that the a1:HR profile was nearly identical for the different ramp slope tests:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR89qimIl3WHiVarGnQYSbWdfQQ9xIlTyyHy6Ek7gJ0y4UL9hPCeoVzh9P85ffrDAr77CKG7svWR6ycUcvzGGG1c0FF8Vcq9c1Carmu7w5RDWV_jGtJSTfpnl2HkWGJXMTymuoUd8oAMepB9Ts3_FwFM0_XoBPetu0i7guho7GX38afAv32diIUSFnpEg/s1061/slope.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="483" data-original-width="1061" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR89qimIl3WHiVarGnQYSbWdfQQ9xIlTyyHy6Ek7gJ0y4UL9hPCeoVzh9P85ffrDAr77CKG7svWR6ycUcvzGGG1c0FF8Vcq9c1Carmu7w5RDWV_jGtJSTfpnl2HkWGJXMTymuoUd8oAMepB9Ts3_FwFM0_XoBPetu0i7guho7GX38afAv32diIUSFnpEg/w640-h292/slope.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">This is the first (and only) published evaluation of (any) ramp slope on HRV thresholds. Many thanks to my co authors including Juan Murias and Pablo Fleitas- Paniagua for making this possible.<br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Day to day reliability of a1 testing</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>I</b>n other words, does a1 behave similarly on a day to day repetitive basis, either during an exercise ramp or just (short term) constant load testing?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10484-023-09599-x">This article</a> done by Bas VanHooren and Thomas Gronwald looked at a1 during both easy and post ramp exercise:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgekyDQsBQiAGRUPWfsUOmtm7qYEDW87H6Un3O_dXU-jXgiJPWALY7YhX6aebvYCQkXEG-4ms0qD1uvUelvDMYeQByDCbmED4VlgBouy-Ss5wQh5g-k2C0DVJpbX5mfdOhatpKLfxsRhnvoa9kKscwuWzvlD4M8PeFQMrnamEEMriX_7J2YVOWAlxX1Krg/s742/reliab.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="742" height="341" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgekyDQsBQiAGRUPWfsUOmtm7qYEDW87H6Un3O_dXU-jXgiJPWALY7YhX6aebvYCQkXEG-4ms0qD1uvUelvDMYeQByDCbmED4VlgBouy-Ss5wQh5g-k2C0DVJpbX5mfdOhatpKLfxsRhnvoa9kKscwuWzvlD4M8PeFQMrnamEEMriX_7J2YVOWAlxX1Krg/w400-h341/reliab.png" width="400" /></a></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It was found that both HR and a1 were very similar on repeated testing (2 different days), both on the warm-up and after the exhaustive ramp.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although not specifically designed as a day to day reliability study, the ramp slope paper essentially indicated the same result - that a1 thresholds will be similar for a given individual on repeat testing (in this case the slope was different on the 3 test days):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7imx2f6Ppv3opYpQoHDLq4pNNJJ6sqEH7Zg8_SuopLU5_QMHKtERwyae1yXdtnKa0-rniaPXrg8zggj3L3CGE752xCPmIzeOqff19-jYmkO5xEiUoCr5aYaa-DIHplaaR2Y3DQ1defsSzho5X0w-R_f_TtF20V1Uw7jY7p_yMJ0gRS6Vb_snYY32TMFg/s1056/relaib%20triple.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1056" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7imx2f6Ppv3opYpQoHDLq4pNNJJ6sqEH7Zg8_SuopLU5_QMHKtERwyae1yXdtnKa0-rniaPXrg8zggj3L3CGE752xCPmIzeOqff19-jYmkO5xEiUoCr5aYaa-DIHplaaR2Y3DQ1defsSzho5X0w-R_f_TtF20V1Uw7jY7p_yMJ0gRS6Vb_snYY32TMFg/w640-h332/relaib%20triple.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>The need for better agreement between the HRVT1 and VT1/LT1/GET</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This leads us to the next issue, why do some studies show tight agreement of the HRVT1 to the LT1/VT1/GET and some don't? As part of the triple ramp study, there was a large discrepancy between the VT1 (or GET) with the HRVT1 (yellow). However, the HRVT2 relationship/agreement with the RCP (or maximal metabolic steady state) continued to be excellent (red):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLWdxm_-IA0TwZ5NZAFroR5Sm7dQhkSH0JHMmXu18x90GH8UadPHu44Ldwh-aIwgHc9nFgvXUrRBFf7AERi_1SqMoi17oDeLA-xbzDmXhWMEoRjCdwrGxc_3eESoyUpyItWfcfhijbGqAM9Q_zYZQw2i13korx9Lyk6Vj0CrwlLAEqEURZVPbM2wJb8hQ/s611/get%20descrep.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="611" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLWdxm_-IA0TwZ5NZAFroR5Sm7dQhkSH0JHMmXu18x90GH8UadPHu44Ldwh-aIwgHc9nFgvXUrRBFf7AERi_1SqMoi17oDeLA-xbzDmXhWMEoRjCdwrGxc_3eESoyUpyItWfcfhijbGqAM9Q_zYZQw2i13korx9Lyk6Vj0CrwlLAEqEURZVPbM2wJb8hQ/w400-h314/get%20descrep.png" width="400" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">On the other hand, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02640414.2023.2277034">this study</a> by Bas VanHooren showed good VT1:HRVT1 agreement:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKsHsVixzszOXwebviHACrRzkO25yFJ-eWrfA_4OVaSAH3eMqga3LDjCBUiSYs0dz06IUjSMyM9oVf2GBCFpvTvKAljr0Md0Wi6yhIkkZ4YSblxgoLN3Eu-X3wCYrtHFMiSj357N4mCSOld8-bkVTa66Zf2wQ0_78s9lrgBVvYhdSqEU8TGSriGpOqlA/s740/bas%20runner.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="740" data-original-width="635" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKsHsVixzszOXwebviHACrRzkO25yFJ-eWrfA_4OVaSAH3eMqga3LDjCBUiSYs0dz06IUjSMyM9oVf2GBCFpvTvKAljr0Md0Wi6yhIkkZ4YSblxgoLN3Eu-X3wCYrtHFMiSj357N4mCSOld8-bkVTa66Zf2wQ0_78s9lrgBVvYhdSqEU8TGSriGpOqlA/w344-h400/bas%20runner.png" width="344" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">One of my priority projects for the next year is to work on this issue and explore the nuances of the HRVT1 to VT1/GET relationship, hopefully improving the HRV threshold agreement. Which leads us to the next section...</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Combining surrogate threshold markers for better agreement to gold standards:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I was involved with 2 papers that approached this hypothesis, which I explained in depth <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/06/combining-nirs-and-dfa-a1-for-critical.html">previously</a>. In short - It was proposed that combining 2 disparate surrogate markers (HRVT plus something else) would produce better agreement with both the VT1/GET and the RCP. The "something else" was either <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/06/combining-nirs-and-dfa-a1-for-critical.html">muscle O2 desaturation breakpoints for RCP</a> localization and/or <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/ecg-derived-respiratory-thresholds.html">EDRT (ECG derived respiratory rate)</a> for both VT1/GET and RCP. Both hypotheses were shown to be valid and I was also happy to see that the Kubios team has picked up on that idea as seen in this abstract (from ECSS 2023):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtdsg7M_gPrJIaeklwS8mlwcxNfRVpe3omC0GbJHX7zUUGdDO40_eTmHr6d5HRXjWXAO80a3pyxDS1m5jKPZIOERUhXExdxhOLjUrDMXmDzWxlS46M0QvlPP1fIlLx0O2m7ueIVKzsv-ElNL8wxjpaxTApWdTuFydTOOGECwGQSGMzUmaRNIWrEIOHaIg/s777/abstract.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="777" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtdsg7M_gPrJIaeklwS8mlwcxNfRVpe3omC0GbJHX7zUUGdDO40_eTmHr6d5HRXjWXAO80a3pyxDS1m5jKPZIOERUhXExdxhOLjUrDMXmDzWxlS46M0QvlPP1fIlLx0O2m7ueIVKzsv-ElNL8wxjpaxTApWdTuFydTOOGECwGQSGMzUmaRNIWrEIOHaIg/w640-h504/abstract.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">My belief is that multiple surrogates will be better than single measures for threshold determination, and hope to see more about this over the next year.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>The use of DFA a1 for assessment and monitoring of fatigue:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Last but not least of the DFA a1 findings for 2023, <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02640414.2023.2277034">was the paper</a> with Bas VanHooren using two ramps back to back separated by a very short active rest, looking at threshold behavior.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcA349eqe_v_SkTtAQVB93YW2zNeaUodhs4EqaQaxpk-MVBnK7VMZuyNAbMW1QfpzHhNoU5ZwqrtE_vrBs7gKjp9cbK27FQjynXzhueDsWcMSUbUBrPdf_oNfwdz4E5n9FtHyoqIC2bH5349FOWn6k8GvgTeOj0wSR7adw4gnPD5GXm859hPb4fxy5nNU/s1453/bas%20thres%20fig.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="882" data-original-width="1453" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcA349eqe_v_SkTtAQVB93YW2zNeaUodhs4EqaQaxpk-MVBnK7VMZuyNAbMW1QfpzHhNoU5ZwqrtE_vrBs7gKjp9cbK27FQjynXzhueDsWcMSUbUBrPdf_oNfwdz4E5n9FtHyoqIC2bH5349FOWn6k8GvgTeOj0wSR7adw4gnPD5GXm859hPb4fxy5nNU/w640-h388/bas%20thres%20fig.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Method summary - a ramp to exhaustion, active rest then another ramp - Whew!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As anticipated, a1 was markedly suppressed on the second ramp despite similar gas kinetics:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4E3ZKAWLDNLHWkrZHDZSqx9IuRwPnBogA1p6An4Q9dr6Z1RpU0YDXwOs1WirVyTV4Ig-Xc9SXo_ZMdB77nokGZ0yhFQPvZWO38gjCEYyoiFhLdQNTe0hv9zWuwsHej_G1YhfduFfUrA0prdtmUbWXX5zRTu0roGuCp9ewSdrFh8nGpreuSnOFvbknDo/s1415/bas%20thresh.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="870" data-original-width="1415" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgX4E3ZKAWLDNLHWkrZHDZSqx9IuRwPnBogA1p6An4Q9dr6Z1RpU0YDXwOs1WirVyTV4Ig-Xc9SXo_ZMdB77nokGZ0yhFQPvZWO38gjCEYyoiFhLdQNTe0hv9zWuwsHej_G1YhfduFfUrA0prdtmUbWXX5zRTu0roGuCp9ewSdrFh8nGpreuSnOFvbknDo/w640-h394/bas%20thresh.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The practical implications of this study are twofold:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Don't do a threshold ramp when fatigued/ill or post heavy/severe exercise</b>. In fact, given the previously noted finding after <a href="https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.14814/phy2.14956">an ultramarathon</a>, even low intensity exercise, if performed long enough, may suppress the a1.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Second - a1 shows great promise as an indicator of "autonomic" fatigue/durability. One may see variable degrees of a1 "drift" depending on individual fitness characteristics, length and intensity of exercise. Therefore, monitoring of either a1 during longer training sessions is of potential use as far as zone distribution goes. For instance, does the lower a1 post HIT "count" for a higher training zone than what the wattage shows? </span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Honorable mentions</b> (in no order):</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Continued improvement of the alphaHRV app for Garmin devices. Despite major hardware and software limitations, the developers have achieved good a1 agreement to Kubios standards.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Web app enhancements to both AIEndurance and Runalyze.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, my thanks to all co-authors over the past years for making many of these studies possible.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Happy New Year!<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-28986251022556152892023-08-08T03:33:00.003-07:002023-10-10T15:03:15.027-07:00Ramp slope and HRV thresholds, Physiological Reports 2023<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYgLMqfKK3B1NmP6k0ta5j_vHW50yR8VGArdnbcPvP5TpohRUiL_eHLrGw7CO7byJpHM9qQzgtEY8N4ms8VnmT9maHXoNBTBG580d9GhufTDmUMFfzOFUM2rOpyWYrNmn2t2TrLRtompOGVeYEDp-Vh5M-oQldilMt34NU_4IZi2QZ01o2HK4GefYBa9s/s885/PR%20abstract.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="885" data-original-width="840" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYgLMqfKK3B1NmP6k0ta5j_vHW50yR8VGArdnbcPvP5TpohRUiL_eHLrGw7CO7byJpHM9qQzgtEY8N4ms8VnmT9maHXoNBTBG580d9GhufTDmUMFfzOFUM2rOpyWYrNmn2t2TrLRtompOGVeYEDp-Vh5M-oQldilMt34NU_4IZi2QZ01o2HK4GefYBa9s/w608-h640/PR%20abstract.png" width="608" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Have you ever wondered what is the best type of cycling incremental ramp (RI) to estimate DFA a1 based HRVT's? Is it better to use a ramp with a steep slope (rapid rise in cycling power) or one with a shallow slope (slow rise in power)? Or something in between? Although I have done some <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html" target="_blank">limited personal testing</a> myself (N=1), that's a poor substitute for a formal investigation. A search of the literature reveals very little about the effects of ramp slope on HRV thresholds (actually, it reveals nothing). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Is this an important question to resolve, or just an esoteric research data point? In my opinion, it is of paramount importance since without this knowledge we may get inaccurate results and can't reliably compare studies looking at HRVT agreement to gold standards. For example - research group A looks at HRVT agreement in teen women using a ramp slope of 45 watts/min and finds a major discrepancy with historical values previously seen. However, there has never been any HRVT assessment at that ramp slope, so we don't know if the issue is the ramp increment being so high, or is it truly something related to females (estrogen status for example). Another example would be a meta analysis done on all HRVT trials (with different RI slopes) - if slope does matter, we can't hope to get an accurate analysis! Currently, the range of published works describing DFA a1 during RI have used slopes ranging from about 7 to 25 w/min. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Since the following study evaluating ramp slope was an offshoot of a topic near and dear to my interests (muscle O2 desats and HRV thresholds), ideally it would have been nice to have the "parent" article published before this came out. As I mentioned in the <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/ecg-derived-respiratory-thresholds.html" target="_blank">last post</a>, some journals take longer to get through their queue of acceptances to finally be published. In our case, the "sequel" came out before the first book of the series. Having said that, I can give a small hint of what the original study goal was by way of this abstract from ECSS:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzP6i63We0ye1sUxjyhQOU6jd45HIFRa4wZDgQgu_n452zvHY1FZNLTiarjDk3SQDSl9U9mM1mZUbQfA3UQSz3ynuHKLLc5qRhp_69vAnuzDiHMtETuWSSX69dzj-cOW834yDJCSuBbZduklbgyY5D_tmbzZx3AcucPyyEQWPHYyLHx_LJl5GOiUXyAdI/s942/ecss.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="856" data-original-width="942" height="582" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzP6i63We0ye1sUxjyhQOU6jd45HIFRa4wZDgQgu_n452zvHY1FZNLTiarjDk3SQDSl9U9mM1mZUbQfA3UQSz3ynuHKLLc5qRhp_69vAnuzDiHMtETuWSSX69dzj-cOW834yDJCSuBbZduklbgyY5D_tmbzZx3AcucPyyEQWPHYyLHx_LJl5GOiUXyAdI/w640-h582/ecss.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The full paper is accepted and should appear shortly in a popular sports physiology journal</span>. <br /></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The accompanying post to that has been written for quite some time. 😁</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">And yes, the combo of HRVT2 and HHb BP to assess the critical intensity is article #1 (from <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/ecg-derived-respiratory-thresholds.html">here</a>)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Would I like to say more - definitely - but it's not fair to the journal, so this is it.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I would again like to thank Juan Murias, the co authors and Pablo Fleitas-Paniagua for making this possible. The complexity of managing such a large pool of participants performing three different ramps was not trivial. Therefore, although future studies confirming these results would certainly be welcome, from a practical standpoint, they may not be quickly forthcoming.</span><br /></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Fortuitously, the data used for the prior HRVT/HHb BP Combo project was part of a larger set of material encompassing the same group of individuals performing 3 different RIs with slopes of 15, 30 and 45 w/min. Therefore, we have the ideal framework for evaluating the effects of RI slope on HRVT behavior. This has now been <a href="https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.14814/phy2.15782" target="_blank">formally published in Physiological Reports</a>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Some highlights of the study are shown below:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Method highlights - </b>the Polar H10 (with ECG guidance for belt placement) was used to record RRs with Fatmaxxer. We used the standard 2 minute measurement windows with every 5 sec recalculation to plot the a1 HRVT1 and 2.<b> <br /></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This is an example of the a1 behavior vs HR during the 3 ramps in one individual:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEikikTIFLJhjQVEmWDuugbW7Fqo5_si2n3t8bfcrIcAN7ajhnXEUwaLwS4RokmLfEWmpNCL1qSPf5vA4gUvf7bUrNWqfOJ8w4WHDMha4oAF_0xQUGSNWGxFkh40mSAShOvUNUB35CDUGnzXSCogYE_7Vqokvi4M5qHGKmhcJwKbBFSh94B2yqcDmD-k/s965/ramp%20triple%20compare.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="965" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvEikikTIFLJhjQVEmWDuugbW7Fqo5_si2n3t8bfcrIcAN7ajhnXEUwaLwS4RokmLfEWmpNCL1qSPf5vA4gUvf7bUrNWqfOJ8w4WHDMha4oAF_0xQUGSNWGxFkh40mSAShOvUNUB35CDUGnzXSCogYE_7Vqokvi4M5qHGKmhcJwKbBFSh94B2yqcDmD-k/w640-h346/ramp%20triple%20compare.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The left plot is the 30 w/min ramp, and on the right are all three ramps in the same individual. As noted, they are fairly close.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Correlation and Bland Altman agreement between ramps were all excellent:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv8fdxfWGUulpbmCHj1eRa6fO83wrKj-JI0FRpqE9GdpbUMRV5--1RyJqOf0lMp4Mh5Njw74vk0Zr_QeHuiT7oqRg1fUXD7hHTRtjQ_zsEgWt3ydg-LW4FOTnNeuqT0GaJXOkKq-wTyleAWNB3zcQElD5qjSeZbm1XT6PLmzIuLy1mSrflTdQsAGHslaU/s1060/triple%20ramp%20BA.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="538" data-original-width="1060" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv8fdxfWGUulpbmCHj1eRa6fO83wrKj-JI0FRpqE9GdpbUMRV5--1RyJqOf0lMp4Mh5Njw74vk0Zr_QeHuiT7oqRg1fUXD7hHTRtjQ_zsEgWt3ydg-LW4FOTnNeuqT0GaJXOkKq-wTyleAWNB3zcQElD5qjSeZbm1XT6PLmzIuLy1mSrflTdQsAGHslaU/w640-h324/triple%20ramp%20BA.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There seems to be no pattern of the degree of correlation or agreement with rising slope difference. In other words, the 15 vs 45 watt ramps were no worse off on a statistical basis than the 15 to 30 or 30 to 45 watt ramps.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, a "longitudinal" look of HRVT HR and VO2 through the ramps per participant:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxvEoVMsEzYT0knvC0ZTEaiqn5YqYCRjT-TyQQB2253wjx0ylEIkBiwleiGB1XAB1TU-umorg99cw9loCEDRnIwGh6mJVTeZ2BT9r7docpuQiHpiD0hhe_7x1g0NScI5vw-m2nPyaKbwq96tgeCzT7KXGLRvQR1Cq-2EEKfHVty0JtNPv4m5SD6ClGHTc/s936/ramp%20box.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="909" data-original-width="936" height="622" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxvEoVMsEzYT0knvC0ZTEaiqn5YqYCRjT-TyQQB2253wjx0ylEIkBiwleiGB1XAB1TU-umorg99cw9loCEDRnIwGh6mJVTeZ2BT9r7docpuQiHpiD0hhe_7x1g0NScI5vw-m2nPyaKbwq96tgeCzT7KXGLRvQR1Cq-2EEKfHVty0JtNPv4m5SD6ClGHTc/w640-h622/ramp%20box.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">T testing between all paired groups (15 vs 30, 30 vs 45 and 15 vs 45 watt) showed no differences.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Did we have a pre study hypothesis?</b></span><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We were requested by the reviewers to add a hypothesis since I did not have one in the original draft. My reasoning for not having one was based on the definition of hypothesis - "</span><span><span><span style="font-family: arial;">a supposition or proposed explanation made <i>on the basis of limited evidence</i> as a starting point for further investigation". The problem here is that there was no "limited evidence or starting point" to make the educated guess. In the end, we added something, but truly, the question of RI slope and HRV was a conundrum from the start.<br /></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">On one hand, I was not surprised that the 15 vs 30 watt ramps were equivalent since they are relatively close, but was very surprised that the 45 w/min ramp was similar to both. The 45 w/min ramp represents a <b>90 watt change</b> over the 2 minute DFA a1 measurement window. We discuss the significance of that in detail in the discussion:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;">"Over the past 20 years numerous studies evaluating DFA a1 behavior
during dynamic exercise have been performed (17-18, 21-26, 30-32).<span> </span>However, despite showing potential as a
marker defining exercise thresholds through RI testing, there has been no
consensus as to what type of ramp protocol is optimal or desirable.<span> </span>Therefore, the intent of this study was to
assess the behavior of DFA a1 related HRVTs during cycling RI with varying
slopes.<span> </span>Literature has shown that fast
ramps tend to have the greatest degree of discordance between measurements such
as cycling power and corresponding gas exchange derived thresholds (12-15),
unless a correction is used to account for the V̇O<sub>2</sub>
mean response time and slow component (3,14).<span> </span>In the context of an established ANS marker
such as DFA a1, conjecture as to the effect of ramp slope is complex. A slower
incremental rise in work rate resulting in a longer ramp may lead to fatigue
related effects (45-46) that could result in biased threshold estimation.<span> </span>On the other hand, a rapid intensity rise may
not be able to truly describe an index encompassing a measuring window of 2
minutes.<span> </span>For example, over the 2-minute
DFA a1 measuring window, a full 90 watts of external load increase will have
occurred if the RI test was performed at a 45 W·min<sup>-1</sup> slope.<span> </span>Whether or not DFA a1 values done under such
non steady state circumstances produce comparable results to those done under a
more gradual rise in load is unclear.</span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;">Since DFA a1 calculations need about a 2-minute measurement
window for validity (31,39-40), fast ramps lasting only several minutes may
also present a challenge simply on the basis of limited available data
points.<span> </span>In addition, even though the ANS
response is believed to be rapid in relation to the various regulation factors
(47-49), there could be a lag between these inputs and their effect on DFA a1
behavior during fast ramps.<span> </span>Many initial
studies measured DFA a1 toward the end of a “step” interval of varying length
but always longer than 2-minute steps (30-32).<span>
</span>When DFA a1 was first proposed as a surrogate marker for ventilatory
threshold determination (21), a new calculation technique was used, based on the
“time varying” method available in Kubios HRV software. <span> </span>Time varying refers to the index being
recalculated continually every 5 seconds throughout the exercise period.<span> </span>Before this technique, the index was
determined either at the end of each interval step or at periodic,
non-overlapping points during the exercise test.<span> </span>Since we are now able to easily measure DFA
a1 on a more granular level over the course of increasing load, the question
remains whether absolute ramp slope matters for both index behavior and HRVT
determination.<span> </span></span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;">The results of this study show that the V̇O<sub>2</sub> or
HR reached at both HRVT1 and HRVT2 is relatively independent of the ramp slope during
incremental exercise testing (for those slopes used in this report).<span> </span>There was excellent correlation between all
three ramp protocols using ICC<sub>3,1</sub> with values between 0.88 and 0.93
and no mean differences across all groups with ANOVA.<span> </span>Pearson’s r was also highly correlated between
paired ramp groups with values between 0.84 to 0.95 (Table 2).<span> </span>Bland Altman analysis showed small mean
differences between ramp slopes (Table 2 and Figure 3). There were no statistical
differences seen between any ramp slope series looking at either HR or V̇O<sub>2</sub>
according to paired t testing.<span> </span>Importantly,
there was no major discrepancy in correlation/agreement or t testing in
comparing the 15 to the 45 W·min<sup>-1</sup> ramp slopes, despite the three-fold
difference in power output rate increment.<span>
</span><b>The observation that DFA a1 is capable of rapidly shifting during the 45
W·min<sup>-1</sup> ramp to match that of the 15 W·min<sup>-1</sup> ramp is a
novel finding of interest.<span> </span>Like the HR
response to RI testing (11-12), there appears to be a prompt matching of “organismic“
demand as represented by DFA a1, to the external exercise load.<span> </span>This makes sense as both HR and HRV responses
are mediated by related and/or linked ANS, central nervous system (CNS)
centers, vagal output and effects on the atrial pacemaker cells (16,27,47-49).</b><span> </span>However, it has been unclear whether an HRV measurement
window encompassing a relatively large span of differing metabolic input would
yield usable results.<span> </span>This similarity in
DFA a1 response across disparate ramp slopes is illustrated in a detailed plot
of HR vs DFA a1 of a typical participant during the 3 RI tests (Figure 1B).<span> </span>The pattern of DFA a1 decline as HR rises is similar
across the differing ramp slopes.<span> </span>Since
the 45 W·min<sup>-1</sup> group had similar agreement to that of the 15 or 30
W·min<sup>-1</sup> groups, it seems that DFA a1 measurement of a linear
increasing load leads to comparable HR or V̇O<sub>2</sub> correspondence no
matter the rate of rise (within tested limits).<span>
</span>This has major practical significance as prior and possibly future
studies evaluating DFA a1 behavior may employ RI with different slopes.<span> </span>Since it appears the RI slope does not affect
the resultant HRVTs, these studies can be more easily compared and implemented.</span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>How well did HRVT1/2 agree with gas exchange?</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This group consisted of the same participants as the Combo NIRS HHb BP/HRVT2 study that appears in JSCR. In that assessment, the HRVT2 agreed quite well with the RCP/VT2 (with individual variation of course). However, the group HRVT1 did not agree well with the GET/VT1, with about a 20 bpm differential. This is discussed in the limitations section in more detail. Going forward, we will need to be more aware of potential subpopulation differences, device bias and even belt position differences. Although the significance of an a1 of 0.5 has been discussed (it represents an uncorrelated, random beat to beat state), the 0.75 is a more empirical guesstimate. Even though the bias was large, the correlation was still reasonable and similar to reported values:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This is a plot of the 30w/min ramp GET/VT1 vs HRVT1 HR from the same ramp.</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrFJ_rpuaVhxRqfUd8IEDQox6toxScJTO2Gmo6IEWVPo6NluMoY1UMaeoGnmW_j9Venqa_uhrI5L7XBvbqB-QfSu4jUXkSNh8XJbEv4Hh5dp9eqdOOqod6_cqKNcSBgr_-ttDe2lvyuGkXJHEjEvePmPHTN9Dm2roubzv4rwuoRKnkWQ3NFZuBfmmZGWA/s881/hrvt1%20vs%20get.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="703" data-original-width="881" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrFJ_rpuaVhxRqfUd8IEDQox6toxScJTO2Gmo6IEWVPo6NluMoY1UMaeoGnmW_j9Venqa_uhrI5L7XBvbqB-QfSu4jUXkSNh8XJbEv4Hh5dp9eqdOOqod6_cqKNcSBgr_-ttDe2lvyuGkXJHEjEvePmPHTN9Dm2roubzv4rwuoRKnkWQ3NFZuBfmmZGWA/w640-h510/hrvt1%20vs%20get.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Hopefully, as time goes on and we better understand the many factors involved with measuring a1 during exercise, this will become clearer.<br /></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>A word about cycling power thresholds and RI slope</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Although we discuss this briefly in the discussion, there is a wealth of data looking at the disconnect between RI gas exchange derived thresholds and their equivalence to constant power interval data. For an excellent review and discussion <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31580218/" target="_blank">see this</a> (by Dr Murias's team). However, an older study by <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11774062/" target="_blank">Weston</a> also provides some information on how thresholds will be skewed, especially with steep ramps in particular:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2HkKAAfulWLm7U0hAotmyZ712cl1Lr4IXDAB3YEzhnmugmaIfGHtdUaxD9XNcZTbN62yjaUA5ejxV4UoxofGx_7OKujhQYB4iINfDRVyiCTWXZKf3N88BlKhme6b9odikkExjb2QuvWf98zr09r6YDAO6fm2swY6axbYXEBj_XS35az1L14qto89wl-s/s653/weston.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="547" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2HkKAAfulWLm7U0hAotmyZ712cl1Lr4IXDAB3YEzhnmugmaIfGHtdUaxD9XNcZTbN62yjaUA5ejxV4UoxofGx_7OKujhQYB4iINfDRVyiCTWXZKf3N88BlKhme6b9odikkExjb2QuvWf98zr09r6YDAO6fm2swY6axbYXEBj_XS35az1L14qto89wl-s/w536-h640/weston.png" width="536" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The cycling power difference between the 10 and 50 w/min ramp was <b>20 watts for VT1 and <i>60 watts for VT2</i>.</b></span></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Expected day to day variability</b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There is now solid evidence that ramp slope has minimal effect on the HR/VO2 of the HRVTs - but what about day-to-day repeatability/reliability of a1 in general? Recent <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10484-023-09599-x">study data</a> point to minimal shifts in a1</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM6UUCAyClU1Lu9Zy66BC8azAeA_6ud0HYxhAG302UWNNhcZ-RxZdvPtSlYSRfQ7mkUYjn_oS-f3RqaVVIklFztHiIZYkdRyOMjyuta4wRJo-EEu4QpvEumNcfztMU2xyRV_bm3rhkyxMzOl9zWSNzLhGq5gZHTFPLBTerhwSi43jeFxnYBXtuHudZcRk/s896/reliable.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="896" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM6UUCAyClU1Lu9Zy66BC8azAeA_6ud0HYxhAG302UWNNhcZ-RxZdvPtSlYSRfQ7mkUYjn_oS-f3RqaVVIklFztHiIZYkdRyOMjyuta4wRJo-EEu4QpvEumNcfztMU2xyRV_bm3rhkyxMzOl9zWSNzLhGq5gZHTFPLBTerhwSi43jeFxnYBXtuHudZcRk/w640-h380/reliable.png" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Therefore, one may see some "shifting" of the HRVT1/2 when performing different ramp slopes just based on day to day variability (<i>but not necessarily</i> from the slope change).</span></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br /></span></i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Summary and Conclusions</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><b>DFA a1 related HRVT1 and HRVT2 (as HR or VO2) are not affected by ramp slope</b> (at least through the range of 15 to 45 w/min). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Cycling power VT1/VT2 threshold is affected by ramp slope. <i>If you are interested in an accurate assessment of power at a particular threshold, try to use shallow ramps. However, there is no difference in HR thresholds with ramp slope.</i></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Since HRVTs behave as HR/VO2 gas exchange metrics during RI protocols, the power associated with HRVTs will be slope dependent - therefore, shallow slopes are preferred for threshold power agreement.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Although there appears to be no systematic bias in HRVT HR with slope, some ramp to ramp variation is expected.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Whether your own particular HRVT agrees perfectly with gold standard (or does not), one should be reassured that ramp slope is not a factor (for HR/VO2).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Cross comparisons with prior and future HRVT RI studies can now be reliably compared without slope as a concern.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: verdana; font-size: small;"><br /></span></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Rapid HRVT graphing and interpretation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span 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"helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/12/a-tale-of-2-hrvs-afib-vs-noise.html"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A tale of 2 HRVs - afib vs noise </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></a></span> 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">AlphaHRV - the first native Garmin DFA a1 data field </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", 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sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span 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arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Recent podcast at Scientific Triathlon 3/22 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/04/the-dfa-a1-app-matrix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 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small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/05/dfa-a1-review-and-update-frontiers-2022.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", 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style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/08/fitness-dashboard-review-a1-and-more.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Fitness Dashboard - initial review </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-metrics-ecg-vs-hrv.html">Respiratory Rate metrics, ECG vs HRV, Kubios vs Garmin</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-correlation-to-lactate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Respiratory rate correlation to lactate during exercise </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/kubios-scientific-and-dfa-a1-thresholds.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Kubios Scientific and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/alphahrv-vs-garmin-resp-rate-david-vs.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">alphaHRV respiratory rate tracking vs Garmin/Kubios</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/a-new-paradigm-for-intensity-thresholds.html" target="_blank">A new paradigm for Intensity thresholds - combining surrogate markers</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html">Ramp slope and HRV thresholds</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span lang="ES-AR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-AR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="ES-AR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-AR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></span></i></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-40983027663349475492023-06-07T09:07:00.475-07:002023-10-11T04:10:50.157-07:00Combining NIRS and DFA a1 for critical intensity estimation<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Preface</b> - before we discuss the details about combining NIRS related muscle O2 desaturation breakpoints and HRV "surrogate" threshold estimation techniques, I would like to provide some background on how this project came to be. Well over a year and a half ago, I began thinking about ways to improve localization of the second exercise intensity threshold (AKA - RCP, MLSS, MMSS, VT2, LT2, CP, FTP etc.). As I explained in the <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/ecg-derived-respiratory-thresholds.html">prior post</a>, would combining "surrogate" thresholds of <i>two disparate methodologies</i> yield a better <i>personalized</i> agreement with a gold standard test. Many of these surrogate concepts are well rooted in published data, but each single method generally has a large per individual error, despite group averages being very close to a gold standard. My initial method of choice was to average the HRVT2 and NIRS/muscle O2 desaturation breakpoints (HHb BP) resulting in a "Combo" hybrid. NIRS has a long and sometimes controversial history of claims plus industry "hype" which I've covered before in this blog (many times). In fact, the reason I started this blog was the misleading statements coming out of the Moxy forums and elsewhere. But, having said that, there is no question that there is one scenario where NIRS related HHb BP may be helpful - identification of the "critical intensity" (RCP/MLSS or <i>Maximal Metabolic Steady State</i>, MMSS) which we'll abbreviate as "CI". Unfortunately, as with the HRVT2, personalized identification of CI is <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.818733/full?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter">quite different</a> from getting the group average to agree. Since the underlying basis for the HRVT2 and HHb breakpoints are very different, perhaps looking at combining each would give us a better idea of a given individual's true CI. Testing this hypothesis should not be too difficult - we would need incremental ramps with NIRS probes/gas exchange and (good) HRV recordings, then analyze the data and go from there. Ideally, a research group who excelled at NIRS breakpoint and gas exchange methodology would be a perfect fit for this endeavor. For me, that choice was obvious. One of the premier experts in that field was a researcher that I have corresponded with and followed for many years, Juan Murias. We began discussing the potential project (with his PhD student Pablo <span lang="ES-AR" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-AR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Fleitas-Paniagua</span>) and went on to do the study. Their group did the full testing "suite" (the only data I received were the RR intervals and Fatmaxxer ECG snips). My job was to find the HRVT2 HR and elapsed time on the ramp (for VO2 determination). Pablo and the Calgary team did the rest. As we will see, the results were quite interesting. Many months later, I evaluated the ECG respiratory rate threshold combined with DFA a1 HRVT (<a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/ecg-derived-respiratory-thresholds.html">previous post</a>), but <i>NIRS/HRVT2 was always the primary project</i>. It just took longer to write, get reviewed and published.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I would like to express my sincerest thanks to Juan, the Calgary group and Pablo for working on this project. Pablo did a fantastic job on his first major journal publication - he has a very promising future. Additionally, I wanted to thank Juan for agreeing to add this study to his already busy set of projects. Over the years of reading the sports literature and writing this blog, his work has always stood out as being of the highest quality. This project was not only fun but an incredible learning experience for me. Okay, enough of that - <a href="https://journals.lww.com/nsca-jscr/abstract/9900/combining_near_infrared_spectroscopy_and_heart.313.aspx" target="_blank">let's look at the study</a>:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYBy42BVDQ5lp2fpk0YyPy0B3oPn4REV0PjxtsIN324xu4DvNswP6BROUuo-ghjytZp48gZTVpw661DbXJXDDnYmJ-FrXDcZ9cxuenCDA5tf0fKRe9VZ4Mm5PaEIROj2Q23uz-mtEM39UsU_nQ24JqcuZkoCyPjycDM-PzP6wbyCwEKpMOREXVnDWq/s1234/jscr%20shot.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="920" data-original-width="1234" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYBy42BVDQ5lp2fpk0YyPy0B3oPn4REV0PjxtsIN324xu4DvNswP6BROUuo-ghjytZp48gZTVpw661DbXJXDDnYmJ-FrXDcZ9cxuenCDA5tf0fKRe9VZ4Mm5PaEIROj2Q23uz-mtEM39UsU_nQ24JqcuZkoCyPjycDM-PzP6wbyCwEKpMOREXVnDWq/w640-h478/jscr%20shot.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>First off - what is "Critical Intensity"</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As many of you already know, we can split up endurance exercise intensity into 3 zones;</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Zone 1 - done below the first lactate or ventilatory threshold</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Zone 2 - done between the first and second lactate/ventilatory threshold</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Zone 3</b> - done above the second </span><span style="font-family: arial;">lactate/ventilatory thresholds which represent<b> the critical intensity (CI) </b>(From the intro<b> - </b></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Above this boundary, within the severe intensity domain, intracellular homeostasis becomes unsustainable</i>)</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">However, <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/first-and-second-lactate-thresholds-why.html">lactate threshold definitions are definitely "fuzzy"</a> and if using lactate as a guide for the second threshold, the maximum lactate steady state (MLSS) is really the only way to go. That's difficult to do as well as exhausting. Another way to derive the CI is to do a formal gas exchange test - which is not that simple to arrange. Other methods used to investigate the CI include the FTP and critical power (CP). Both rely on achieving </span><span style="font-family: arial;">maximum </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>volitional</i> intensities of varying length. I discussed the <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/01/does-ftp-relate-to-mlss-yes-no-maybe.html">FTP test</a> in a previous post and the reasons why I am not a huge fan. Many of these same reasons apply to the CP as well. Depending on your pacing, motivation and whether the legs are "fresh" or not, error is certainly possible. These also may require several sessions to exhaustion to get results. <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For these reasons, we were especially interested in whether the combo of muscle O2 desaturation breakpoints and HRVT2 could be a viable way to find the CI. <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Why is it important to establish the CI?</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Intensities as low as <a href="https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00892.2020">10 watts above the CI</a> can have profound effects on neuromuscular fatigue and lactate. Therefore, knowledge of this physiologic departure point can help avoid inappropriate intensities during training (or racing). Spending too many minutes above the CI could end up costing an individual a portion of their peak potential later on during the session or race. On the other hand, many polarized training programs encourage and include zone 3 training (above the CI) rather than zone 2 (below the CI).<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>A step by step review of the paper:</i><br /></b></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>INTRODUCTION</b><br />Accurate identification of the critical intensity of exercise is crucial for a precise prescription of endurance training as understanding the metabolic disruptions elicited by a given stimulus is key for predicting the acute responses to individual training sessions, as well as longer-term training outcomes. Below this boundary, within the heavy exercise intensity domain, constant load activities can be sustained for relatively long periods of time (i.e., >50 min) while maintaining intracellular homeostasis, as blood lactate concentration ([Lac]b) and oxygen consumption (V̇O2) can be stabilized. Above this boundary, within the severe intensity domain, intracellular homeostasis becomes unsustainable and [Lac]b and/or V̇O2 can no longer reach steady state responses, which leads to a faster task failure due to greater metabolic instability.<br />Although a subject of continuous debate, two different methods are commonly used in research studies to get the best possible estimation of the metabolic and work rates associated with the critical intensity of exercise: the maximal lactate steady state and the critical power. Despite their sound theoretical and even practical support, these methods require that participants complete several visits to the laboratory, some of which need performing either time to task failure trials or sustaining high intensity bouts for long periods of time. This might be inconvenient in some populations, and simply unfeasible in others.<br />A different approach to determine the boundary separating the heavy from the severe intensity domains is by identifying the respiratory compensation point (RCP) during ramp incremental (RI) exercise, which has been shown consistently to occur at the metabolic rate (i.e., the V̇O2) associated to the critical intensity of exercise. This method, combined with constant load square wave transitions within the moderate and the heavy intensity domains of exercise before and after the RI test, respectively, allows for determination of the work rate associated to the critical intensity of exercise. However, this approach relies on the use of gas exchange evaluations, mostly performed in laboratory settings.<br />Within the past two decades, the use of the deoxygenated hemoglobin signal ([HHb]) from near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), as well as measures of heart rate variability (HRV) have been proposed to estimate the critical intensity in a single laboratory visit using less expensive equipment. For example, the break point in the vastus lateralis [HHb] signal ([HHb]BP) towards the end of a RI test has been shown to correspond to the metabolic rate at the RCP. This measure has been reported to be repeatable, and to track changes in fitness levels and environmental conditions.<br />Similarly, the use of detrended fluctuation analysis of HRV has been indicated to provide a close approximation of the critical intensity of exercise. This approach involves the measurement of the cardiac beat sequence to ascertain fractal correlation patterns that reflect the degree of self-similarity of the sequence over different time scales. Multiple studies have indicated that the degree of fractal self-similarity declines with increasing exercise intensity, with the decline in the detrended fluctuation analysis and its short-term scaling exponent alpha1 (DFA a1) below 0.5 being associated with the RCP or the second lactate threshold in recreational runners and professional cyclists, respectively.<br />As opposed to more complex and/or invasive modalities such as gas exchange or lactate testing, current technologies allow evaluations of [HHb] and HRV at a relatively low cost and without the need to access a laboratory. Thus, there is great potential for using these technologies in the field for establishing the boundary separating the heavy from the severe exercise intensity domains. However, despite studies showing strong agreement of group averages of [HHb]BP to maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), CP, and the RCP or DFA a1 second threshold (HRVT2) to the RCP, differences might be larger than desirable for exercise prescription when considered individually. Therefore, making efforts to minimize biases/errors when estimating the heavy to severe domain exercise intensity boundary is important. An interesting strategy that has not yet been considered is to blend both NIRS and HRV threshold data for critical intensity determination, as they each are derived from different physiological subsystems, likely underlying the same physiological phenomenon. Hence, it is possible that an erroneous estimation from one subsystem could be counterbalanced by determination of the other. Therefore, combining threshold estimations from these two different approaches might further improve the reliability and precision of the outcome.<br />Thus, the aims of the present study were to determine: (i) the difference between the HR and V̇O2 responses associated to the [HHb]BP, the HRVT2, and the RCP; (ii) if by averaging the HR and V̇O2 responses associated to the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 (H&HAv) during a RI test, improved the accuracy of identifying the HR and V̇O2 associated to the RCP. It was hypothesized that, even though the differences in the HR and V̇O2 responses associate to the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 would not be significantly different to the RCP, with H&HAv responses, the variability in relationship to the RCP would decrease in comparation with the variability expressed by each method evaluated independently.<br /><br /><b>Highlights:</b></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Definition of CI</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Current methods of determination (with pitfalls)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Surrogate options including muscle O2 desat breakpoints and HRV (DFA a1 based)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Proposal to combine 2 surrogates for a combined average that is hopefully in better agreement to gold standard on a per individual basis<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Methodology:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Data collection<br />RI test. This test was performed on an electromagnetically-braked cycle ergometer (Velotron, RacerMate, Seattle, USA). The RI test included 4 min of baseline cycling at 20 W, 6 min of moderate intensity (60 – 80 W), and 4 min at 20 W followed by 15 W·min-1 incremental rate. The RI test stopped at task failure, which was defined as the inability of participants to maintain a cycling cadence of at least 60 rpm for more than 5 consecutive s, or at volitional exhaustion despite strong verbal encouragement. During the baseline and moderate intensity cycling part, participants maintained a cadence of 60-70 rpm, whereas during the RI test participants self-selected the cadence. Participants were blinded to the work rate and elapsed time but received visual feedback on their cadence.<br />Gas exchange, and ventilatory variables. All gas exchange and ventilatory responses were measured breath-by-breath using a metabolic cart (Quark, Cosmed, Rome, Italy). The system was calibrated before all tests according to the manufacture’s recommendation and consisted of a low dead space turbine as well as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas analyzers; a syringe of known volume (3 L) and a gas-mixture of known concentration (16% O2; 5% CO2; balance N2), respectively, were utilized for calibration.<br />Near Infrared Spectroscopy. NIRS-derived [HHb] was measured continuously over the vastus lateralis muscle belly of the dominant leg (Oxiplex TS; ISS, Champaign, USA) at a sampling rate of 10 Hz throughout the entire protocol. The NIRS probe was placed on the belly of the vastus lateralis muscle midway between the inguinal crease and the proximal border of the patella. The probe was secured in place by double-sided tape and an elastic strap to prevent any movement, and it was covered by an optically dense, black vinyl sheet and an elastic bandage to minimize both the intrusion of external light and movement.<br />RR Measurements: Each participant’s RR time series was recorded by a Polar H10 strap (Polar Electro, Kempele, Finland) with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. The Polar strap electrodes were covered with conductive gel and firmly fitted to the sub pectoral area with the module centered over the sternum. Before testing, the Polar H10 ECG waveform was visually evaluated with the Android app ECG Logger (https://ecglogger.en.aptoide.com/app). To optimize DFA a1 measurements, the strap was shifted slightly to the left if the R peak amplitude was lower than the S wave. H10 data was transmitted via Bluetooth to an Android smartphone running an open-source recording application (FatMaxxer, https://github.com/IanPeake/FatMaxxer) and offloaded for further analysis.<br /> <br />Data analyses<br />V̇O2 data: during the RI tests the V̇O2 data were cleaned by removing data points laying ±3 SD from the local mean and linearly interpolated to 1 s intervals (Origin, Origin Lab, Northampton, MA). The V̇O2 values were computed from a 20 s rolling average during the RI test. The RCP was assessed by three independent experienced evaluators, based on previous recommendations. Briefly, the RCP corresponded to the second disproportional increase (second breakpoint) in the V̇E/V̇O2 relationship, where the end-tidal pressure of CO2 began to fall after a period of isocapnic buffering. The relationship between V̇E/V̇CO2 against V̇O2 was also considered for confirmation of the RCP. The average value from the three evaluators was used. If the evaluators had a disagreement of more than 100 mL∙min-1 in the result, a second round of evaluation was performed together until a consensus was reached. The V̇O2 mean response time (MRT) was calculated as previously described by averaging the last minute of the steady-state V̇O2 responses from the 60-80 W constant work rate cycling that preceded the RI test, and superimposing on the V̇O2 vs power output relationship of the ramp-incremental exercise. The difference in power output between the steady-state V̇O2 and the ramp-derived V̇O2 at the point of intersection with the linear fit was converted to time to retrieve the MRT. MRT was used to correct V̇O2 associated [HHb]BP.<br />[HHb] signal: The [HHb] raw data during the RI tests were averaged into second-by-second responses using Origin software (Origin Lab, Northampton, MA). As previously described, the [HHb]-time relationship was modeled with the following piecewise model:<br />ƒ= if (x < BP, g(x), h(x))<br />g(x) = i1 + (s1 · x)<br />i2 = i1 + (s1 · BP)<br />h(x) = i2 + [s2 · (x − BP)]<br />fit ƒ to y,<br />where ƒ is the piecewise function, x is time and y is [HHb], BP is the time coordinate corresponding to the interception of the two regression lines (i.e., the [HHb]BP), i1 and i2 are the intercepts of the first and second linear function, respectively and s1 and s2 are the slopes. Model parameter estimates for each individual were determined by linear least-square regression analysis. The piecewise fit was started at the onset of the systematic increase in the [HHb] signal until the last data point corresponding to the end of the test. Associated HR was determined by the time at which [HHb]BP occurred. Five participants with low signal and/or excessive noise were excluded from analysis.<br />RR data for each participant was imported into Kubios HRV Software (Version 3.5, Biosignal Analysis and Medical Imaging Group, Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland). Kubios preprocessing settings were set to the default values including the RR detrending method which was kept at “Smoothness priors” (Lambda = 500). DFA a1 window width was set to 4 ≤ n ≤ 16 beats. Visual inspection of the entire test recording was done to determine sample quality, noise, arrhythmia, and missing beat artifact. The RR series of the included participants was then corrected by the Kubios “automatic method” and relevant HRV results exported as text files for further analysis. Acceptable percent artifact occurring during threshold interpretation segments was set to below 5%. Two participants with excessive atrial, ventricular ectopy and/or artifact above 5% were excluded from analysis.<br />In order to determine the V̇O2 or HR corresponding to a DFA a1 of 0.5, the DFA a1 was calculated over time using 2 min HRV measurement windows with a recalculation every 5 s throughout the test. Two-minute time windowing was chosen based on the minimal recommended RR intervals required for accurate computation. Plotting of DFA a1 vs. time or HR was performed. The relationship generally showed a reverse sigmoidal curve, with a stable area above 1.0 at low work rates, a rapid, near linear drop reaching below 0.5 at higher intensity, then flattening without major change. A linear regression line was drawn through the appropriate section with the HRVT2 defined as the RI time or HR where DFA a1 equaled 0.5. The V̇O2 of DFA a1 reaching 0.5 was then derived from the V̇O2 vs. time relation based on gas exchange analysis. The HR where DFA a1 reached 0.5 was calculated based on the regression equation from the linear section of the HR vs DFA a1 plot. Figure 1 (below) displays the different approaches to estimate thresholds for RCP, [HHb]BP and, HRVT2.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Matching everything up</b> - how the NIRS breakpoint, RCP and HRVT2 behave during the ramp:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ9uMb3XTJcIBE6U3KzH3q727AWduV_uAfY5GoVK54Da9VZB55zFVh1ITrC83x4VJLtuf_pS5_eCu2Cvzoc3XgVKogf0QKo-GqLldCCVKyYUlpUtvDGSrkjhzwB54yM6TOxutzuDGlDCTqVxeBy1eAxVSgAoBASfBEMAWCrNfGwZnmsKgY_FnfnDD-/s943/BP%20HRVT2.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="943" data-original-width="677" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ9uMb3XTJcIBE6U3KzH3q727AWduV_uAfY5GoVK54Da9VZB55zFVh1ITrC83x4VJLtuf_pS5_eCu2Cvzoc3XgVKogf0QKo-GqLldCCVKyYUlpUtvDGSrkjhzwB54yM6TOxutzuDGlDCTqVxeBy1eAxVSgAoBASfBEMAWCrNfGwZnmsKgY_FnfnDD-/w460-h640/BP%20HRVT2.png" width="460" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although the above is a very good "fit" for the NIRS BP and HRVT2 (DFA a1 = .5), not every case was this well-matched. </span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Highlights</b></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Vastus lateralis was chosen for HHb BP - the breakpoint <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28970805/" target="_blank">presents as a plateau</a> of the O2 desaturation</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Fatmaxxer was used to collect the RR intervals and evaluate any arrhythmia (which was found in two individuals).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Polar H10 belt <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html" target="_blank">was adjusted to maximize the ECG R peak by rotation</a>.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Results:</b></span></p><br /><iframe height="760" src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRtcda0mJkL9xnKjsDzbhqUjmkZo7flHNulboM6MKkIVx0ERrkFLbP0xQ7quBJ25ldsVfLaKE1SB9g3/pub?embedded=true" width="760"></iframe><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Highlights:</b></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both HRVT2 and HHb BP averages were statistically equivalent to the RCP (gold standard CI).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The combined group had better individual agreement.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">If one test failed due to technical reasons, the other method was usually (always in this case) able to provide a decent result.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Discussion</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">"The present study compared the V̇O2 and the HR responses associated to the RCP, the [HHb]BP, the HRVT2, and the H&HAv. The main findings were that: i) in agreement with previous literature, independently comparing the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 to the RCP resulted in no significant differences and negligible biases for V̇O2 and HR values associated to any of the techniques employed for threshold determination; ii) by averaging the V̇O2 and the HR responses associated to the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 for comparison with the responses observed at the RCP, the mean bias and the LOA were reduced (albeit not significantly) compared with evaluating each threshold marker (i.e., [HHb]BP and the HRVT2) to the RCP independently. These findings not only highlight the value of using [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 as valid tools to establish the V̇O2 and the HR responses associated with the critical intensity of exercise, but also provide novel information on the value of combining these two signals to potentially improve the accuracy of threshold determination.<br />In this study, the RCP was used as the reference for the metabolic rate at which the critical intensity occurs. Some studies have questioned the use of the RCP as a demarcation of the critical intensity of exercise based on the idea that the PO associated to the RCP following an incremental test to task failure is typically greater than the PO at the critical intensity during constant load exercise. However, those studies did not consider the dissociation between V̇O2 and PO that exists during incremental compared to constant load exercise due to the existence of the V̇O2 MRT and the inability of the V̇O2 slow component to be fully expressed during incremental exercise testing. In fact, recent studies have demonstrated a coincidence in the PO associated to the RCP and the critical intensity of exercise when proper adjustments are made. Regardless, that the metabolic rate at the RCP coincides with that observed at the critical intensity of exercise has been extensively demonstrated, which justifies the use of this marker to evaluate the V̇O2 and the HR associated to the critical intensity of exercise.<br />Considering the relevance of establishing the critical intensity for adequate exercise prescription that allows to maximize positive adaptations to exercise training, identification of this boundary using simpler and accessible tools becomes important. Within the past two decades, the use of the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 have been proposed as valid options to determine the threshold separating the heavy from the severe domains of exercise, with both approaches providing promising outcomes, but also generating debate in relation to their precision to accurately estimate what they intend to evaluate.<br />In connection to this, data from the present study have shown strong agreement between the V̇O2 and the HR at which the [HHb]BP and the RCP occurred. This provides further support to the validity of using the [HHb]BP as a tool to approximate the critical intensity of exercise. Although some reports disagree with this idea, the [HHb]BP has been consistently shown to occur at a metabolic rate that coincides with that of the RCP and the critical intensity of exercise and/or the MLSS response. It has been speculated that the [HHb]BP reflects the change in intracellular metabolic conditions that also result in the RCP, which likely trigger local vasodilatory responses that improve O2 availability within the active tissues. This event results in less reliance on O2 extraction to support the increased metabolic rate, and thus a plateau or a decrease in the slope of the [HHb] signal. Importantly, the [HHb]BP has been indicated to coincide with the metabolic rate at the critical intensity in different groups43, following endurance exercise training, and under different experimental conditions that challenged the oxygen transport system.<br />Data from the present study also have shown strong agreement between the V̇O2 and the HR at which the HRVT2 and the RCP took place. A DFA a1 of 0.5 represents uncorrelated, random behavior of the interbeat pattern with loss of fractal properties. This has been proposed as a marker for a potential loss of homeostasis and described to be sustainable for only short time spans44. The underlying basis of these correlation patterns is largely due to changes in the autonomic nervous system induced sinoatrial pacemaker function. During exercise there is both a withdrawal of parasympathetic and an increase of sympathetic activity resulting in a change of HRV. Alterations in DFA a1 provide a view of autonomic balance from rest to severe intensity domains different from other established systemic internal load markers of intensity that depend on gas exchange (i.e., V̇O2, V̇CO2), ventilatory (i.e., V̇E) , and biochemical (lactate) variables, as well as from measures of external load (i.e., speed/power). The HRVT2 has been evaluated in different studies in males during running and cycling using step incremental tests, as well as in females during ramp incremental test.<br />In addition to providing further support to the use of the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 as valid tools to establish the critical intensity of exercise, this study demonstrated that, by combining these two measurements, the mean bias and the LOA were reduced in relation to the individual evaluation of each threshold, compared to the RCP. Given the increasingly lower costs associated to portable NIRS systems and HR monitoring straps that allow for precise evaluation of HRV, combining these two evaluation techniques seems like a viable option to either improve the confidence of the estimation, or to ensure that at least one outcome is obtained. For example, it is known that each modality has its own technical limitations/challenges. For example, NIRS may be negatively affected by subcutaneous fat tissue and probe movement. On the other hand, HRV is greatly affected by the quality of the RR/ECG recording, which is highly dependent on normal, non aberrant heart beats and good ratio between signal and noise. Thus, attempting to obtain outcomes from both devices would be advisable as, in addition to improving the precision of the outcomes when combining measures, when an individual test fails, a single test result can still represent a valuable marker that is only marginally less precise than the dual average. This is an important consideration because, as it can be gathered from Table 2, even though missing data occurred for both the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2, at least one of these demarcation points was obtained in each participant in this study.<br />The literature is replete with surrogate markers for the demarcation of critical intensity including the RCP, CP, MLSS, Functional threshold power (FTP), incremental lactate thresholds, HRV and NIRS breakpoints. It is noteworthy that some comparative studies are often highly variable as to precision and concordance between methods. In this context, reliance on markers other than “gold standards” such as MLSS and CP may be problematic in any given individual, with no guarantee of complete accuracy. However, athletes, coaches and patients undergoing rehabilitation are still in need of guidance as to training targets and intensity thresholds. It is with this aim that we present an initial attempt at improving threshold accuracy through combining disparate physiologic paradigms. Thus, it is not the intention to present the use of the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 as replacements to other models, but rather as simpler, more available and lower cost tools to help practitioners and athletes improve exercise prescription.<br />Methodological consideration: Although the HR associated to the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 should be a good representation of the HR associated to the critical intensity of exercise, the cardiac drift that occurs during prolonged constant work rate exercise should be taken into account as it is known that constant exercise at the same HR will result in a decrease in the absolute exercise intensity. Additionally, this study did not consider power output data as an outcome for the comparison at which each threshold occurred. Although in this study the power output values were not statistically different when comparing RCP, [HHb]BP and HRVT2, these data are not presented as the it is well-stablished that the power outputs at which these thresholds occur do not reflect the power output associated to the critical intensity of exercise due to the dissociation between V̇O2 and power output during ramp incremental compared to constant work rate exercise.<br />In conclusion, this study demonstrated that both the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 independently provided V̇O2 and HR responses that strongly agreed with those observed at the RCP. More importantly, combining the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 resulted in estimations of the V̇O2 and HR associated to the critical intensity of exercise with smaller biases and LOA. Thus, the information presented in this study support the use of the [HHb]BP and the HRVT2 as valuable tools for approximating the V̇O2 and HR responses at the critical intensity within practical settings."</span></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Why having two threshold methods available is better than one?</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's examine the participant list from the perspectives of "accuracy failure" and "technical failure". A failure in accuracy would represent having a high discrepancy between HR at RCP and the surrogate marker in question (for the present example, let's say 10 bpm differential for HRVT2 as in the first row below). A failure in "technique" would be a lack of <i><b>any</b></i> result from HRV (due to artifact/noise) or NIRS (from probe issues) such as the blank rows in the listing. <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieHBqIr4jtFg9RsM65hBM14ni4NOfAsbPqbTsn15pgs27djuZNUWbnpHjlFkSRgge8c5niGVliP0DTp7IREA74jWevemizvW6_-jXysv2BtGEjF9COinJePREyvfAtMyDOIKsK79glZQLIOIssOaPMOkQYwFmAoiWqOAV9VH0gwEkWv1K6f0VVJ7XM/s721/diff%20table.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="721" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieHBqIr4jtFg9RsM65hBM14ni4NOfAsbPqbTsn15pgs27djuZNUWbnpHjlFkSRgge8c5niGVliP0DTp7IREA74jWevemizvW6_-jXysv2BtGEjF9COinJePREyvfAtMyDOIKsK79glZQLIOIssOaPMOkQYwFmAoiWqOAV9VH0gwEkWv1K6f0VVJ7XM/w640-h502/diff%20table.png" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The list above is the raw data table from the article showing RCP, each surrogate method and the Combo for each participant. I added a few columns to the right: 1) the difference from the RCP (gold standard) to the HRVT2, 2) </span><span style="font-family: arial;">the difference from the RCP (gold standard) to the </span><span style="font-family: arial;">HHb BP and 3) </span><span style="font-family: arial;">the difference from the RCP (gold standard) to the </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Combo (HRVT2/HHb BP average). Orange shaded values represent 10 or more bpm difference than true CI, (which I considered the limit of what I would accept as decent agreement with gold standard). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As an example, the first participant had a -10 for the HRVT2 but a <i>+25 bpm</i> diff of the HHb BP to the RCP of 171 bpm (146 vs 171 bpm). However, the Combo difference was only 7 bpm, a major improvement. <b><i><span style="color: red;">This illustrates the issue quite well, we have great group agreement, but this particular unfortunate person would have had totally inappropriate critical intensity markers with single surrogate methods.</span></i><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">"</span><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Accuracy failure</b>" - </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Looking at "outliers" (discrepancy of 10 bpm or higher), there were 4 cases of HRVT2, 5 of HHB BP compared to only 3 for the combo group. More importantly, the 3 people in the combo group represented a much smaller fraction of the total since 2 and 5 participants were excluded from the HRVT2/HHb BP groups respectively. In other words, 4/19 in the HRVT2, 5/16 in the HHb BP and only 3/21 in the combo group had 10 or greater bpm difference from the RCP. Here is a tabular look at "<i>accuracy failure</i>" rate (as defined as 10 or above bpm differential from RCP):<br /></span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuEb2-SGiuvYP5caqlTdkjt9fsM4PCpnQ14dhnW4fKJ3zRhX3xkHW2-woe66nG4fkqAn0pkUXvkWW9V-Vsq1kIAgcrAs5N4ISz1da_lNPFlLXxTCHf74WAsJfXuQbGFPKNzJ9MXaAyAzyZKG9y4NglsBaFzxZv9N6OylStoMsqFrbJQeoIRqrDzD4J/s212/percent.png" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="104" data-original-width="212" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuEb2-SGiuvYP5caqlTdkjt9fsM4PCpnQ14dhnW4fKJ3zRhX3xkHW2-woe66nG4fkqAn0pkUXvkWW9V-Vsq1kIAgcrAs5N4ISz1da_lNPFlLXxTCHf74WAsJfXuQbGFPKNzJ9MXaAyAzyZKG9y4NglsBaFzxZv9N6OylStoMsqFrbJQeoIRqrDzD4J/s1600/percent.png" width="212" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Comparison to the recent Frontiers study:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">An important conclusion of a recent <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.818733/full?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter">Frontiers study</a> using NIRS to estimate the RCP/CI was that although group averages did work out, there was too much individual variation to rely on the single method, because of the poor regression and Bland Altman scatter. Below is a comparison of their data and ours:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6NBDTNcs35FfQelXJ2u_7-vFMpBozCwfsDzv-hkjS1utFS4W_t3OTTTeb21jry6anxO-UoWISUw7hU1m9C74bkN3dHM_3NNy7Cl_32Vesl9Hqm8xPDgwhleg_bMeQyVn24tEk-oaBcsdcipmOiui8EZ2hcM5ze2wJDBu8_n0FqQmwLf7HOivvYjEh/s956/combo%20regress.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="559" data-original-width="956" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6NBDTNcs35FfQelXJ2u_7-vFMpBozCwfsDzv-hkjS1utFS4W_t3OTTTeb21jry6anxO-UoWISUw7hU1m9C74bkN3dHM_3NNy7Cl_32Vesl9Hqm8xPDgwhleg_bMeQyVn24tEk-oaBcsdcipmOiui8EZ2hcM5ze2wJDBu8_n0FqQmwLf7HOivvYjEh/w640-h374/combo%20regress.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The correlation coefficient of the combo was higher than individual methods and was actually quite good. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Although our study had a bit higher R2 than the Frontiers had, using HRVT2 definitely added value. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">In fact, even standing by itself, HRVT2 had a tighter fit than NIRS (but sample size was too low for direct comparison).</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>"Technical failure"</b></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Clearly, using "dual methods" gets us fewer "<i>technical failures</i>" since if one is excluded because of poor NIRS signal or high artifact/arrhythmia, the other may suffice. As discussed in the text, 2 participants were unable to have valid HRVT2, and 4 participants unable to have valid NIRS BPs. If they were using single method testing, they would be out of luck for results. As can be seen, even the single methods were generally close to the RCP. <br /></span></p><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Therefore, we have two solid reasons to take advantage of the HRVT2/NIRS BP Combo</span></b></li></ul><ul style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><li><b><span style="font-family: arial;">better individual agreement</span></b></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>backup, in cases of single entity technical failure.</b> </span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Why use Fatmaxxer to record RRs?</b></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">There are several options available to record RRs from the Polar H10 (Garmin devices, smartphone apps and Kubios HRV mobile). As discussed before, knowing whether artifacts are due to noise or potentially dangerous cardiac arrhythmias is important. In this study, Fatmaxxer was used, not for it's DFA a1 monitoring ability, but for it's usage of the Polar API to record RRs and ECG snips if artifact is seen. In one of the participants, there were many VPCs seen that triggered an evaluation (luckily, nothing major found):</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOrj4ZVBDwLQfqyTzMApvnTdLraJraDn_YEs2irFhPQBiwij0lvGhmkZisTy9ftUqN965wJ5CMNLMJHVJdTLhsjXvBv6sPHRZlkA1_yNOBDis7XGG3SSm4BhBtFfAd03qHlPBHyQpnrde1M998oCcWSQsD4SwRUff3a7t2TmsUvCybXfrP-YEkBlZ7E1g/s1713/P11%2045%20VPC.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="243" data-original-width="1713" height="90" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOrj4ZVBDwLQfqyTzMApvnTdLraJraDn_YEs2irFhPQBiwij0lvGhmkZisTy9ftUqN965wJ5CMNLMJHVJdTLhsjXvBv6sPHRZlkA1_yNOBDis7XGG3SSm4BhBtFfAd03qHlPBHyQpnrde1M998oCcWSQsD4SwRUff3a7t2TmsUvCybXfrP-YEkBlZ7E1g/w640-h90/P11%2045%20VPC.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Thanks to Ian Peake for creating such a useful app. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Although Kubios mobile could have been used, the app was not available at that time. In addition, the licensing rules (per user) would make it difficult for me to use it personally at the same time as the Murias team running it in their lab.</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><br /><b></b><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Final remarks: <br /></span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Accurate identification of the CI is important for proper training intensity distribution and perhaps even race strategy.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both HRVT2 and HHB BP are viable surrogate methods by themselves, but combining them into a single HR (or VO2) gets one closer to gold standard RCP on an individual basis.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">As mentioned in the <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31580218/" target="_blank">discussion (and elsewhere)</a>, the cycling power seen during ramp thresholds will probably <i>not correspond</i> to the power seen during constant load intervals at the MLSS/MMSS. If you are interested in obtaining the power at the CI, ramps with a shallow slope (5-10 w/min rise) are most appropriate.</span><br /></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I see no reason to limit combining threshold data methods to just the current two. Adding EDR, and even perhaps CP/FTP for those able to do those tests may get even closer to "gold standard". However, doing CP/FTP trials are very taxing, lengthy and depend on participant "effort" which IMO can be problematic (even though they are popular methods). For now, it seems that combining HRVT2 and NIRS BP techniques during an incremental ramp is the best compromise to accuracy and effort. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Cost - Unfortunately, though the cost of HRVT is near zero (if you already have a Polar H10), an NIRS probe is much higher (the Moxy is about 900$). I wish the old BSX unit was still in production as it was small, accurate and less expensive than the competition. I'm still hopeful someone will come along with a reasonably priced NIRS module for consumer usage.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This is the first study where the position of the HRM chest belt was adjusted individually to record an <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html">optimum ECG signal</a> (strong positive R peak). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lastly, even though we are closer to achieving agreement to the gold standard, there are still going to be cases where the difference between surrogate combo and "true" is large enough to make an impact on training targets. As always, common sense should be employed when reviewing results. <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Once again, I would like to thank Juan Murias, the co-authors and Pablo Fleitas-Paniagua for making this study happen. </span><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/rapid-hrvt-graphing-and-interpretation.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Rapid HRVT graphing and interpretation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/atrial-fibrillation-warning-signs-from.html">Atrial fibrillation - warning signs from chest belt recordings</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", 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</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/kubios-scientific-and-dfa-a1-thresholds.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Kubios Scientific and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/alphahrv-vs-garmin-resp-rate-david-vs.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">alphaHRV respiratory rate tracking vs Garmin/Kubios</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/a-new-paradigm-for-intensity-thresholds.html" target="_blank">A new paradigm for Intensity thresholds - combining surrogate markers</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html">Ramp slope and HRV thresholds</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p></p></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-41025899634482555212023-01-22T05:50:00.877-08:002023-10-10T15:03:49.414-07:00A new paradigm for Intensity thresholds - combining surrogate markers<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Preface</b>: About 1 year ago I began thinking about ways to improve non invasive intensity threshold estimation. After all, even though gas exchange is great, most of us don't have easy access to this on a regular basis and thus rely on "surrogate" methods. It occurred to me that combining two different threshold estimations (one being DFA a1 HRVT) into a single "Combo" value could potentially lead to a better <i>personalized</i> agreement with gold standard measures. I discussed this idea with a leading exercise physiology group and
it was decided to give this concept a go. Unfortunately, it took longer to
perform, analyze, write and submit than anticipated and that study is still in peer review (let's call it "Study #1"). However, fast forward 8 months to the completion of our <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm" target="_blank">Kubios Respiratory Rate</a> validation project. As we discussed in that report, <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00421-011-2055-4.pdf">a prior publication</a> did show reasonable agreement of respiratory rate thresholds to gas exchange values. With that in mind, I decided to repeat their methodology with our Kubios EDR data and both validate the EDRT concept as well look at whether the "Combo" result (with DFA a1), yielded better agreement to gold standards. Therefore, even though the current article/post should be labeled "Study #2" in dealing with threshold combinations, due to the issues of peer review and journal timelines, it's out first. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1973/htm#" target="_blank">Here is Article #2</a>:</b> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1v3pyFvNfQoLKUQcQa-5Pj0SUwgWbLwqv5tormHLpHY7Hok5k9YKBWgzkQrfm1Bt65Kfpv2nX60ZY9C2S69nxjI7j4cC1tX1UHtJBer9135eon59yKZoQKDhc0V7xnVGvg3u0PBNFEP5tV6YVGvRVXQ0dpayH4ZAax0BYZu3N-WQf10ei0UDDGQWq/s902/Sensors%20edrt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="902" data-original-width="878" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1v3pyFvNfQoLKUQcQa-5Pj0SUwgWbLwqv5tormHLpHY7Hok5k9YKBWgzkQrfm1Bt65Kfpv2nX60ZY9C2S69nxjI7j4cC1tX1UHtJBer9135eon59yKZoQKDhc0V7xnVGvg3u0PBNFEP5tV6YVGvRVXQ0dpayH4ZAax0BYZu3N-WQf10ei0UDDGQWq/w622-h640/Sensors%20edrt.png" width="622" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Introduction:</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Exercise intensity thresholds are often discussed in terms of their importance for both training distribution, comparisons of fitness and athletic status. However despite knowing the particular heart rate, power or speed at the first or second threshold, we sometimes forget that some these metrics are really not that precise. When we compare things like HRVTs, FTPs, Crit power, muscle desat breakpoints to their corresponding gold standards, the group averages look fairly close but the individual values can vary quite a bit. Since exercise in an inappropriate zone can have adverse consequence, we should be thinking about how to do better with this estimation. After looking at some of my own noninvasive threshold testing data, I came up with the following idea - why don't we use two <i>disparate</i> threshold measuring paradigms, then average the results for a "Combo" threshold. For instance, let's say that during an incremental cycling ramp my a1 HRVT2 came out to be 148 bpm, but by NIRS breakpoint analysis (muscle O2 desat) it was 158 bpm. My idea was to simply split the difference - designating the "Combo threshold" at 153 bpm. The idea is if a single modality is incorrect, the combo value would be partially corrected by the more precise method (whichever one that is). If they agree, then great, but if not, at least the mean value will be closer to the truth. Obviously, if both thresholds are incorrect, we are still left with an incorrect figure, but since "on average", the group means are usually close, the core concept should still be sound. <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>ECG derived respiratory rate thresholds - EDRT</b>:<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As previously reviewed, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm">Kubios HRV software derived </a></span><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm"><span style="font-family: arial;">respiratory rate</span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"> is capable of matching up against gas exchange through an exercise ramp. As I was reading the background information regarding respiratory rate exercise related applications, one in particular caught my interest - <i>respiratory rate intensity threshold assessment</i>. As we discussed in our article, <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-011-2055-4#additional-information">Cross et a</a>l showed that after some "data processing", the respiratory rate can be used to derive two intensity thresholds signifying VT1 and VT2. Unfortunately, the "data processing" was (to me) out of my skill set at the time. The methodology entails creating a 6th order polynomial curve using the raw resp rate, then taking the second derivative of <i>that</i> curve. The second derivative curve (over time) should possess 2 maximal points that correspond to AeT and AnT thresholds (VT1, VT2). Being one of those types who doesn't like to give up, I gradually chipped away at this problem and eventually found a way to solve it. From this point on I'm going to use the term EDR (ECG derived resp rate) instead of resp rate - but if you have another source of resp rate data (Hexoskin, other wearable, gas exchange etc), that data may also be used. I will warn you that non Kubios HRV (Garmin, alphaHRV) sources may not be precise or reliable enough to run this calculation. Even Kubios resp rate derived from <i>RR intervals</i> (not ECG) is unpredictable in terms of accuracy (see figure 3 <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm">here</a>).<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The first part of the "data processing" is not particularly difficult. Here we need to plot the resp rate over time, then use Excel to apply a trendline. The trendline is going to be that 6th order polynomial mentioned above. The real hurdle is getting the data points for each increment of time. In other words, we have our column of raw data (resp rate) and we need to get the corresponding sequence of "smoothed" data that is represented by the 6th order trendline. It turns out that one can put the trendline equation into the Excel cell, but one needs to reformat the equation to a numeric rather than text.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">So, we now have a set of "smoothed" EDR over time (the trendline values) - but how do we get the second derivative of this data series. In simplistic terms, the first derivative is just the difference between one value (rows) and the next over time (velocity) and the second derivative is the difference in the first derivative over time (acceleration). If we keep this in mind, then plotting this out in Excel becomes easy.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Below is the supplemental file from <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/4/1973/htm#app1-sensors-23-01973" target="_blank">our publication</a> outlining how to do this, step by step:</b><br /></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe height="700" src="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vR47W8DtSkTb0Oob_CJlWlnoe9B3ps-I7ky0RV8hf6aLYLQa_O0P4znbQfXc9hKMw/pub?embedded=true" width="720"></iframe></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The end result to the above tutorial is that you will have obtained a first and second EDRT.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As another example of this process, below is my worksheet for the respiratory derived thresholds using the </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Hexoskin</span><span style="font-family: arial;">. This illustrates the ability of the 6th order smoothing technique to actually produce reasonable results despite significant point to point variation. <br /></span></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYOkpFJEuiomzLeS9qWmOD2kFpECi1ifD5wvqzD6bMiBIUmFXWfRFZtSGQEs-9c0DAxNhJ39bpelsu9TrFGodiV_knbngTcLb_Dln2NkPAKdRjCe0--1Ka2QktISaUZXYBiPzBDnqE9JB3Q1lI7O6ZwI8yieyrr0R9jXY8l9gELSWZR2pAL5Oz4MLS/s1420/hexo%20edrt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="874" data-original-width="1420" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYOkpFJEuiomzLeS9qWmOD2kFpECi1ifD5wvqzD6bMiBIUmFXWfRFZtSGQEs-9c0DAxNhJ39bpelsu9TrFGodiV_knbngTcLb_Dln2NkPAKdRjCe0--1Ka2QktISaUZXYBiPzBDnqE9JB3Q1lI7O6ZwI8yieyrr0R9jXY8l9gELSWZR2pAL5Oz4MLS/w640-h394/hexo%20edrt.png" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The
light gray is the raw Hexoskin data (which is not smooth) but the
trendline is workable and produces a proper two maxima second
derivative.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">My EDR smoothed curve using the Movesense ECG was virtually identical but without the highly variable raw data bounce:</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7QN4TR2Cu6dERt0uWwFNDI7vtLrO4O4J65yLZwZ5re1vSpW_nK4AsG6vYvvaWUxVQq718iIA_lGPFdXiyf3Ce-5KmVvmahKJwbx4qtkrFcDPTpR_1SA_LiICm02XAHaD5ugBOY-sxRE6ZXu7_36AQUXOz5ExFGbpKA5AaUASNrsZZ3S3E0Xpyyb6w/s859/ms%20hexo.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="859" data-original-width="737" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7QN4TR2Cu6dERt0uWwFNDI7vtLrO4O4J65yLZwZ5re1vSpW_nK4AsG6vYvvaWUxVQq718iIA_lGPFdXiyf3Ce-5KmVvmahKJwbx4qtkrFcDPTpR_1SA_LiICm02XAHaD5ugBOY-sxRE6ZXu7_36AQUXOz5ExFGbpKA5AaUASNrsZZ3S3E0Xpyyb6w/w550-h640/ms%20hexo.png" width="550" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Smoothed Hexoskin and Movesense EDR over time</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /> </span><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">The time of each maxima can be paired up with either HR or power (if the ramp slope is not too steep).</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In this case the EDRT1 was 137 bpm and the EDRT2 was 162 bpm.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The HRVT calculation was similar:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoy_ab3TX6Q_HJSIj4pYGpt1opOdeRzPLeWbSxj5Ucqf977VLyOFz6jjmf5KAIIEINFWCS0ECMUTFNjTpl9oJQKfaWnAco_lkwezvUa6FJvaYqqSz_60fjLcmOiL8S_n5AbU0rzeILb-tHngx4H1Q8bXESoqyyRHuETHaStfmWksJBDbyL1Cg7Td2a/s2971/hrvt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2118" data-original-width="2971" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoy_ab3TX6Q_HJSIj4pYGpt1opOdeRzPLeWbSxj5Ucqf977VLyOFz6jjmf5KAIIEINFWCS0ECMUTFNjTpl9oJQKfaWnAco_lkwezvUa6FJvaYqqSz_60fjLcmOiL8S_n5AbU0rzeILb-tHngx4H1Q8bXESoqyyRHuETHaStfmWksJBDbyL1Cg7Td2a/w640-h456/hrvt.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">These are close to my lactate and gas exchange values but the important point is that there are now two "concepts" supporting my guesstimate as to intensity thresholds.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary Points so far:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Combining 2 (or more) threshold surrogate concepts makes sense on multiple levels. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">If one of the metrics is unable to be obtained, the remaining marker may be adequate for delineation.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">To obtain an EDRT, an incremental ramp to failure is needed. Although this is not ideal, it's not a total deal breaker.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">On the other hand, as we have shown in other post and articles, the HRVTs can be estimated from constant power intervals, sub maximal ramp or step tests.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>What is the cost of doing a double threshold estimation as above?</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For a single HRVT (DFA a1) calculation, the cost is near zero - if you already have a Polar H10. In this case recording the RRs, uploading to Runalyze, AIEndurance or using Fatmaxxer (or other apps) gets you pretty close to Kubios accuracy.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">However for the EDRT we need the ECG tracing <i>and</i> Kubios Premium/Scientific to accurately measure respiratory rates. What about using just Garmin HRV or alphaHRV app for our respiratory rates? <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/alphahrv-vs-garmin-resp-rate-david-vs.html" target="_blank">As I've pointed out</a> (and as seen in the Sensors study), RR timing derived respiratory rates may not be precise/consistent enough for this type of calculation (YMMV).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Which leaves us with this cost breakdown: </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios Scientific<span> </span>$380 </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">plus the following options: <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Movesense Medical about $220 </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Movesense HR+/HR2 about $100</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Polar H10 about $85</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Total about $465 to $600 </b>depending on options</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I will not make a value judgement here but considering what some other accessories of dubious merits cost (continuous glucose monitor, Core temp, hydration sensor etc), this seems well in the worthwhile range cost:benefit wise. Additionally, having continuous ECG recording and display (with Kubios) can potentially alert one to cardiac arrhythmia before it becomes an issue. <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Precautions before testing:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As I've <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html">discussed before</a>, the signal strength and waveform of the HRM/ECG are critical for accurate representation of RR timing and hence DFA a1. Perhaps even more-so, this applies to EDR, where the R wave signal fluctuation is used to estimate respiratory frequency. In short, make sure you have positioned the module and belt to<a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html" target="_blank"> optimize signal strength</a> before you run the test!<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgApeaXRswDPCrR4MsXWaR3eNpPFVY_xJARn8SLEB2VdmS0pIjIJVKIs_FGt6nR5BKTs4MYqlXIwuMN8iA971Ilmmw3ffad3dBz5aH_RPpLpSEEkiiDAfRaYolAgl3ubJIjMIFF1Ww6VBVqGpyldM4jHE4viRBTciNmIlmY8qH--ynxAo1ilEWNz8uX/s1023/bad%20ecg%20volt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1023" data-original-width="627" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgApeaXRswDPCrR4MsXWaR3eNpPFVY_xJARn8SLEB2VdmS0pIjIJVKIs_FGt6nR5BKTs4MYqlXIwuMN8iA971Ilmmw3ffad3dBz5aH_RPpLpSEEkiiDAfRaYolAgl3ubJIjMIFF1Ww6VBVqGpyldM4jHE4viRBTciNmIlmY8qH--ynxAo1ilEWNz8uX/w392-h640/bad%20ecg%20volt.png" width="392" /></a></div><br /><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">In this post, we introduce the concept of combining two disparate surrogate markers to better agree with an individual's "true" first and second intensity threshold.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">In the current case, the DFA a1 based HRVT was paired with a relatively unfamiliar surrogate, namely the ECG derived respiratory rate (EDRT).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">By themselves, decent agreement was seen with VT1 but was strongest at VT2 (RCP).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The EDRT2 was surprisingly accurate in estimating VT2/RCP, making this a promising method for this important boundary.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It is possible to get the second derivative of the 6th order polynomial of the respiratory rate purely use MS Excel (see supplement).<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The combined threshold (simply the average HR between the two) had closer agreement and less bias than each one separately.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both surrogates were able to be calculated with available hardware (Movesense Medical ECG) and software (Kubios Scientific) for a total projected cost of about $600.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Make sure you look at the ECG waveform/voltage before testing. Move the HRM belt if needed. <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Study #1 has finally come out! - </span><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/06/combining-nirs-and-dfa-a1-for-critical.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Combining NIRS and DFA a1 for critical intensity estimation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/rapid-hrvt-graphing-and-interpretation.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Rapid HRVT graphing and interpretation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/atrial-fibrillation-warning-signs-from.html">Atrial fibrillation - warning signs from chest belt recordings</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", 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</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/kubios-scientific-and-dfa-a1-thresholds.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Kubios Scientific and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/alphahrv-vs-garmin-resp-rate-david-vs.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">alphaHRV respiratory rate tracking vs Garmin/Kubios</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/06/combining-nirs-and-dfa-a1-for-critical.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Combining NIRS and DFA a1 for critical intensity estimation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/a-new-paradigm-for-intensity-thresholds.html" target="_blank">A new paradigm for Intensity thresholds - combining surrogate markers</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html">Ramp slope and HRV thresholds</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-16510567965324425072022-10-24T15:07:00.005-07:002022-10-27T06:25:33.234-07:00alphaHRV vs Garmin resp rate - David vs Goliath<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Continuing with the <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-metrics-ecg-vs-hrv.html">theme of respiratory rate tracking</a>, this post will explore the brand new bonus feature of alpha HRV that tracks this metric. Since Garmin has their own methodology in doing this, we will be looking at how they do side by side. This will be a very interesting comparison for several reasons - </span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">They are deriving resp rate from identical RR intervals (in this case the Polar H10) </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Use the same recording device (Garmin Epix 2 in my case)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Garmin implementation is backed by their Firstbeat division, a professional group of engineers with a substantial budget and resources.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Alpha HRV is written by two young programmers who wrote the respiratory rate code in about 2 weeks in their spare time.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">So truly, a David vs Goliath contest. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The testing details: The subject (me) wore the <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319997656_Reliability_and_Validity_of_the_Hexoskin_Telemetry_Shirt">Hexoskin vest</a> as the "gold standard" resp rate device. This measures resp rate through chest/abdominal wall motion sensors and is quite accurate. I also used the Movesense Medical ECG given it's great track record for ECG derived resp rate. Lastly, the Polar H10 was worn along with the Movesense belt, recorded to the Garmin Epix 2 watch. The watch was running alphaHRV in the cycling activity mode. This way, both alphaHRV and the Garmin algorithms would do their own computation of resp rate based on RR intervals from the same device.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The test consisted of a brief warm up then a cycling ramp to near failure (15w/min rise using Zwift) followed immediately by 90 min in zone 1. In this way we have a handle on ramp resp rate behavior for those who are interested in using this for zone demarcation purposes as well as a steady state long interval to demonstrate how the apps handle stable intensities. AlphaHRV was set to a smoothing of soft and a window of 45 seconds. Kubios was set to a window of 30 seconds:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVrl_dPTiN9AkuvPPvwaksFefsYZvaMydQC3CVlkSmku7cz6NFlNp_kQLAIIGWbpvg8C2gGWogtgspa1xfulCSDW-r8LVJHcYIJiaKq-sE8mHgEmbD5KjJbfiJOtvvmFHhlKx_NALDrLj-_aEaEJ0l0FQNvm94MdK46JYmkjT8QHxEt7ylYzkw626i/s1457/session%20pwr.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="578" data-original-width="1457" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVrl_dPTiN9AkuvPPvwaksFefsYZvaMydQC3CVlkSmku7cz6NFlNp_kQLAIIGWbpvg8C2gGWogtgspa1xfulCSDW-r8LVJHcYIJiaKq-sE8mHgEmbD5KjJbfiJOtvvmFHhlKx_NALDrLj-_aEaEJ0l0FQNvm94MdK46JYmkjT8QHxEt7ylYzkw626i/w640-h254/session%20pwr.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As one can see from the above, the post ramp HR (blue) was remarkably steady for the next 90 min, no real sign of drift.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Post ramp results:</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin (using H10 based RRs via bluetooth, artifact<1%):</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDp3iUfLQReWaVZ2T3ywy-t567ftyBX0k-dUNfM-6fObj3zouv99U4clHaCKUUcWwfwC_cwgctlaUa_62Va6QyhogVuARndMtyS72mdZ4MLRgGC0gIosHJfByO-nqfn6CzsUtkgHU6VzMyMJNvwmFtYvjNrjR7LPA8kEd_0HCrzj0E726MMvxgbT9c/s4718/garmin%20post%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDp3iUfLQReWaVZ2T3ywy-t567ftyBX0k-dUNfM-6fObj3zouv99U4clHaCKUUcWwfwC_cwgctlaUa_62Va6QyhogVuARndMtyS72mdZ4MLRgGC0gIosHJfByO-nqfn6CzsUtkgHU6VzMyMJNvwmFtYvjNrjR7LPA8kEd_0HCrzj0E726MMvxgbT9c/w640-h376/garmin%20post%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">In all the tests, the black line will be the Hexoskin displayed as a 30s moving average. The red is HR, Green is Garmin resp rate.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Garmin substantially underestimates resp rate, but is stable throughout.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">AlphaHRV:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLRZHowjiOSckFX-TOx0Ki2el8ycCXX4zdeG5RHpYFdAbu5MzZye8TSc7vcLXDdFskGL0ZNwyhG7vtZFb2ycEN7lrX73thOobUZY0EOZhI7LtTDyickA9mPI9hJQDF_HFVHbldB9tunnIhzAksWdnR2PDWgkijnzcUlFPmOqqsPhV64ossugjY-YRC/s4718/alpha%20post%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLRZHowjiOSckFX-TOx0Ki2el8ycCXX4zdeG5RHpYFdAbu5MzZye8TSc7vcLXDdFskGL0ZNwyhG7vtZFb2ycEN7lrX73thOobUZY0EOZhI7LtTDyickA9mPI9hJQDF_HFVHbldB9tunnIhzAksWdnR2PDWgkijnzcUlFPmOqqsPhV64ossugjY-YRC/w640-h376/alpha%20post%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> Much better than Garmin, with alphaHRV (light blue) following the pattern nicely.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios using RRs from the H10 (just like Garmin and alphaHRV does):</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZJyaY0tanC_2Vdb9HADOzLpwsdU0ew-UNTiFShKheIEJ6LkjXOhrgBYGtGoXkruD8Ygd8sO1D6hZs_RzJLMjt3vGTp_VLeBLvKZjrGnGvu2KNI6SJePu-SBP6vCGg9qLQ0TUrX4FJf1bqvhjysl-xI6oV4lSTPcidz26XzJf7XGJaK1MOs-piwRX8/s4718/kubios%20rr%20post%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZJyaY0tanC_2Vdb9HADOzLpwsdU0ew-UNTiFShKheIEJ6LkjXOhrgBYGtGoXkruD8Ygd8sO1D6hZs_RzJLMjt3vGTp_VLeBLvKZjrGnGvu2KNI6SJePu-SBP6vCGg9qLQ0TUrX4FJf1bqvhjysl-xI6oV4lSTPcidz26XzJf7XGJaK1MOs-piwRX8/w640-h376/kubios%20rr%20post%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For the most part, good tracking with a couple of areas of "blips" where correlation is poor.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios + Movesense ECG (using ECG voltage and RRs):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb7eGKhprMuCWnxeI_CvDI2mNW6JyHw8ugKB75IVAW-gnAXTAf-BJWrCCp-RPZAOF-uJHb6QMoTJ4Sen-8wC8htPkIgqamTHdgzah9HlWPnVBubNXNPt0RGyc60sojX5t5aisiT6UPpWXDeiRaD7TmviL8BXMFH9XyaRzcs_hjVtwh0PJH97z2OQJ_/s4718/ms%20post%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjb7eGKhprMuCWnxeI_CvDI2mNW6JyHw8ugKB75IVAW-gnAXTAf-BJWrCCp-RPZAOF-uJHb6QMoTJ4Sen-8wC8htPkIgqamTHdgzah9HlWPnVBubNXNPt0RGyc60sojX5t5aisiT6UPpWXDeiRaD7TmviL8BXMFH9XyaRzcs_hjVtwh0PJH97z2OQJ_/w640-h376/ms%20post%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense (yellow) very closely follows the Hexoskin and continues to show why this combo is yields great ECG derived resp rate results.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">The Ramp (Hexoskin in black):</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin (green):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBtPSrq5B_yab7t6Z6o31PBIITg6Ab_qT7z9oNFxzwAodCOMP6PDswXgDYymGQE-LFV08TD2o5x45TumWdcYazuxE--RSfV-uhkLvr4xnVysZps2nluIFZ3IKCUeH8BRtZB5KwBJ9fbcXzVaECzhu0_DvxA3NzOwbQlFCOIIUcS1pUZQNcj21-VIH/s4718/garmin%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoBtPSrq5B_yab7t6Z6o31PBIITg6Ab_qT7z9oNFxzwAodCOMP6PDswXgDYymGQE-LFV08TD2o5x45TumWdcYazuxE--RSfV-uhkLvr4xnVysZps2nluIFZ3IKCUeH8BRtZB5KwBJ9fbcXzVaECzhu0_DvxA3NzOwbQlFCOIIUcS1pUZQNcj21-VIH/w640-h376/garmin%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both the absolute numbers and shape (drop near the end) do not match the Hexoskin.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Alpha HRV:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_-41yswdV9qF7ixQhmybWCd7WwTKQRCpoEzpI7RW9hrPWO_mmLXMQ8G_kHKsbPdtl_FVu2X_t0KRghUc3sN2YKhhfA8bgNGdZwNL7SQ2I2usIMoExK87qolmv9bJ1l812s7-JZIqN471jX0pADyxNaEXUDASfzDVcv3FZ6VCoy1ACCQYpyglwcpxz/s4718/alpha%20hrv%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_-41yswdV9qF7ixQhmybWCd7WwTKQRCpoEzpI7RW9hrPWO_mmLXMQ8G_kHKsbPdtl_FVu2X_t0KRghUc3sN2YKhhfA8bgNGdZwNL7SQ2I2usIMoExK87qolmv9bJ1l812s7-JZIqN471jX0pADyxNaEXUDASfzDVcv3FZ6VCoy1ACCQYpyglwcpxz/w640-h376/alpha%20hrv%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both the general shape and absolute values are closer to the Hexoskin than Garmin, but there are some blips along the way.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">These "blips" will degrade the correlations and threshold curves. <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios using H10 RRs:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmqiNkOgE8qTi0NmzI5chwGS0b-Q7SQOtX6cEHpvySYnddOcShHQeu-sd3LbtuNvLkR8hJuDPByGz_GMKmijrP4k0L4Ev8Fjrl93vNCL95YlgkGaj2PrYnuKKgVHY5EqK1on84WNMA22Q5sBNfFpKWwI9HJXJBAOtv_B6cOEbkhFZdPB3VNx8KTy_t/s4718/kubios%20rr%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmqiNkOgE8qTi0NmzI5chwGS0b-Q7SQOtX6cEHpvySYnddOcShHQeu-sd3LbtuNvLkR8hJuDPByGz_GMKmijrP4k0L4Ev8Fjrl93vNCL95YlgkGaj2PrYnuKKgVHY5EqK1on84WNMA22Q5sBNfFpKWwI9HJXJBAOtv_B6cOEbkhFZdPB3VNx8KTy_t/w640-h376/kubios%20rr%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A good showing here for Kubios, with a reasonable shape and overall behavior.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There was a bit of a drop in the middle that could mess up threshold determinations.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios + Movesense ECG:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvo5lEUITznxbjjQALkkP2i5czP79L9011k9MEeGni45HoiMFE1rpz66gV6wROMyNnb2B8AOkMmQMUNi4d0xBg1MN0FfH2wV4QOVPv8GQSXrb1SnuxAbL1SX6VQX4Xmi7JAQihXN2jmhsoWfs-m6NRaYimGN83HuSQn7k8JfGuwxLU1mA2YRqJvmci/s4718/ms%20ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2769" data-original-width="4718" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvo5lEUITznxbjjQALkkP2i5czP79L9011k9MEeGni45HoiMFE1rpz66gV6wROMyNnb2B8AOkMmQMUNi4d0xBg1MN0FfH2wV4QOVPv8GQSXrb1SnuxAbL1SX6VQX4Xmi7JAQihXN2jmhsoWfs-m6NRaYimGN83HuSQn7k8JfGuwxLU1mA2YRqJvmci/w640-h376/ms%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Movesense ECG with Kubios matches the Hexoskin very well. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Excellent shape and correlation.</span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Some comparison stats:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Correlation</b> - here we plot Hexoskin on the X axis and each challenger on the Y. The higher the R squared, the better the fit/matching.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUlUaXYSAp3e27YrNfA9XJGQTZMw6FVJ5DjbF3rdSltCOMLKmhIFitlIrR8bqYPF0pbcVyULQ9-kjtstlaLKZrBsKJoQm-b_bhHmmpwgZhEFyUbHi-zOeszoAkHoH3BmTEnzCEUCGthyrvRNWW7BQd3U6ZZnID3asRMtQSKivvVRr8PNU-olE9jyZr/s1989/garmin%20r2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1592" data-original-width="1989" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUlUaXYSAp3e27YrNfA9XJGQTZMw6FVJ5DjbF3rdSltCOMLKmhIFitlIrR8bqYPF0pbcVyULQ9-kjtstlaLKZrBsKJoQm-b_bhHmmpwgZhEFyUbHi-zOeszoAkHoH3BmTEnzCEUCGthyrvRNWW7BQd3U6ZZnID3asRMtQSKivvVRr8PNU-olE9jyZr/w640-h512/garmin%20r2.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">AlphaHRV:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb8f4Y7iWm5ZU9WwYWSipYabCjNCpg7AywIrGjFPQDi4QkMho-YRjYrTDZjyxdpHiIIEaihb6ORLwdwON6Lkd5VT1OcrXh65biI50gXntFjNo5gu7Ogb-zrMpB5vzyks8t6tHZYhRr9J4yQj0er7_e0NL-FFxZ6gpgErOWVefEtgwEqLR-J8PcrvHZ/s2045/alpha%20r2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1586" data-original-width="2045" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb8f4Y7iWm5ZU9WwYWSipYabCjNCpg7AywIrGjFPQDi4QkMho-YRjYrTDZjyxdpHiIIEaihb6ORLwdwON6Lkd5VT1OcrXh65biI50gXntFjNo5gu7Ogb-zrMpB5vzyks8t6tHZYhRr9J4yQj0er7_e0NL-FFxZ6gpgErOWVefEtgwEqLR-J8PcrvHZ/w640-h496/alpha%20r2.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios RR intervals:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Uhi8d1V_L5618nQsqz4DkO4vSkpovSt3mUtsNI4Qtx9OaYiYacYMcl1bquu_Lqazc_hFoxhOifGkA2oIY1rrm5_sU_Bzes4EMV3eoXWvqxlKWp374RqnSC1Xullivq4hhQcumwsyn2T_u4Em1qa3-6AGYZLJPW8RZ73uSCvZnXeg39-ba1x-oiBn/s2033/kub%20r2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="2033" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-Uhi8d1V_L5618nQsqz4DkO4vSkpovSt3mUtsNI4Qtx9OaYiYacYMcl1bquu_Lqazc_hFoxhOifGkA2oIY1rrm5_sU_Bzes4EMV3eoXWvqxlKWp374RqnSC1Xullivq4hhQcumwsyn2T_u4Em1qa3-6AGYZLJPW8RZ73uSCvZnXeg39-ba1x-oiBn/w640-h496/kub%20r2.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios + Movesense ECG:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpbb-OKt1fZKklVOVdBAfk58JXtV3P1hOx7wWb76ma-KrBDFJ2d_lzzqV7qt_R-P52qmwVwkDD-1DH7Df5dHEa23AS4UnizYjoM8vZmZIVeCjoxR-M4rhtWlbQxreRAdMaxFDUswpOMn_BiBQKwMct3KWE8YwT8POLTCHgV29_th-2U093GTJUprFi/s1910/ms%20r2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1585" data-original-width="1910" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpbb-OKt1fZKklVOVdBAfk58JXtV3P1hOx7wWb76ma-KrBDFJ2d_lzzqV7qt_R-P52qmwVwkDD-1DH7Df5dHEa23AS4UnizYjoM8vZmZIVeCjoxR-M4rhtWlbQxreRAdMaxFDUswpOMn_BiBQKwMct3KWE8YwT8POLTCHgV29_th-2U093GTJUprFi/w640-h532/ms%20r2.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Interesting observations:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense ECG + Kubios has a superb correlation coefficient (.81).<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both AlphaHRV and Garmin have moderate correlations.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios RR derived resp rate is midway between the ECG and AlphaHRV.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>This is an great example why a simple Pearson correlation coefficient or equivalent is not sufficient for comparison studies</i> - you can have good correlation but a substantial deviation in the difference in values (aka, the <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&ved=2ahUKEwj1t4TX6vn6AhUSmWoFHSPABsUQFnoECEEQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-users.york.ac.uk%2F~mb55%2Fmeas%2Fba.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3jFg1L6Bax7JqjYiqFuLIu">Bland Altman analysis</a>). If we do a Bland Altman plot, the Garmin would have had a huge bias:</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMTxBHm8RapwOloC-Inv4z4HQtANnWeCAOR2LyalF5WHUsfP72vljIjhgJTkP4aaNE946Inb-wtq0wjF96VI3JujHFOCK3G8vpGk3C_eKVNGkRgtSJ8QIPKuKhb-NWDKJk_kClOk5c7P7N7D6LDYn-Bej9EqYS_JkVYhoU21muBvTETg3GIJb_-iA6/s746/diff%20plot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="746" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMTxBHm8RapwOloC-Inv4z4HQtANnWeCAOR2LyalF5WHUsfP72vljIjhgJTkP4aaNE946Inb-wtq0wjF96VI3JujHFOCK3G8vpGk3C_eKVNGkRgtSJ8QIPKuKhb-NWDKJk_kClOk5c7P7N7D6LDYn-Bej9EqYS_JkVYhoU21muBvTETg3GIJb_-iA6/w640-h452/diff%20plot.png" width="640" /></a></div>The Garmin data is shifted down about 12 breaths/min with very wide scatter - both facts attesting to it's poor agreement tot he Hexoskin.<br /> </span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Thus far we can see that the alphaHRV app does do a much better job of tracking resp rate than Garmin, but it's not up to the precision of Kubios RR methodology nor the ECG derived resp rate.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>What about ventilatory thresholds? </b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The last type of analysis I would like to look at is how the ramp values looks when plotted as a 6th order polynomial. Why? A key study done by <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21735217/">Cross et al. </a>uses a 6th order polynomial to help calculate the first and second ventilatory thresholds using resp rate data. Here is a figure from the study with a red arrow pointing to the 6th order curve:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRDQTeI7iepg-P8rN5l_onfGdVlZbixxH93RhZUhto_VH6Fds9I7U32AQB2aEIs-aIdR0u2cg17C5ByDKI56cr_r4VxvQCct2n91tdXKm0aaOFAKZIRUsBtm_AwYXgwDjre9xq6OPCvrMDyrFVOpQMjdqsGiPhXtrxharMvcZuZH01synMKzbS9_4s/s575/cross.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="477" data-original-width="575" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRDQTeI7iepg-P8rN5l_onfGdVlZbixxH93RhZUhto_VH6Fds9I7U32AQB2aEIs-aIdR0u2cg17C5ByDKI56cr_r4VxvQCct2n91tdXKm0aaOFAKZIRUsBtm_AwYXgwDjre9xq6OPCvrMDyrFVOpQMjdqsGiPhXtrxharMvcZuZH01synMKzbS9_4s/w400-h331/cross.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The idea is to figure where the slope maximizes at the 2 threshold points. See the citation for details.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">How do our various recording methods stack up with 6th order plotting? I'm not going to look at the Garmin since the values have such an enormous bias.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Hexoskin (gold standard):</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXNgXKhU4aJRUD4mu6_haY9gYMEaGqBBb_ET1Yi5UMok0_DvF4PA6FMwkLtIXBcyyPKm3cxUdmyociRA5lj6HxqQ6ZtpdKkZH-AL4j2v5Uf9gm5Z7tWFTeCqxuDSLmM0or8ABCcF-JLLGYeEeHvdsBScUvbDeGRaAoW_z6ZsiYle1wAqZO9rspyBQ-/s2196/hexo%206th.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1667" data-original-width="2196" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXNgXKhU4aJRUD4mu6_haY9gYMEaGqBBb_ET1Yi5UMok0_DvF4PA6FMwkLtIXBcyyPKm3cxUdmyociRA5lj6HxqQ6ZtpdKkZH-AL4j2v5Uf9gm5Z7tWFTeCqxuDSLmM0or8ABCcF-JLLGYeEeHvdsBScUvbDeGRaAoW_z6ZsiYle1wAqZO9rspyBQ-/w640-h486/hexo%206th.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">AlphaHRV:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5q1aHd0fkbtEPp5Nu4x8e7mudhKoCLbdzs-wgd76OgD5SpQUxkw7Lf3pEJp2rQLFU2PvnhSpJReOj2KiYG7tzACF2ym2CWuX8WLF-mS-CQoeP40NpqsSSkHwBilecenFZD8D3-b0Y0qfNXkYu3KKC0rmMrXz9J8qeOjTYyKNxiXk-1NSh_xKSGii-/s2210/alpha%206th.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1554" data-original-width="2210" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5q1aHd0fkbtEPp5Nu4x8e7mudhKoCLbdzs-wgd76OgD5SpQUxkw7Lf3pEJp2rQLFU2PvnhSpJReOj2KiYG7tzACF2ym2CWuX8WLF-mS-CQoeP40NpqsSSkHwBilecenFZD8D3-b0Y0qfNXkYu3KKC0rmMrXz9J8qeOjTYyKNxiXk-1NSh_xKSGii-/w640-h450/alpha%206th.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios RR:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha43GkGTnWcHp7IciI4IDfMaaxBzUre_IwI2JTY-sU-3Yq1J6Ad6zQkWJc7t0KHaWNB36kRjZtig953qoyOXt4tNsHXAsr_k8GMQ2FROhiqNOH7-b-ozWx-hnqLysSSWWDpUbsN8yRwLGezCHwFAmq4OaplBp8sKS5PX6OabtWYfhXum7_NthdQGWM/s2465/kub%20rr%206th.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1781" data-original-width="2465" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha43GkGTnWcHp7IciI4IDfMaaxBzUre_IwI2JTY-sU-3Yq1J6Ad6zQkWJc7t0KHaWNB36kRjZtig953qoyOXt4tNsHXAsr_k8GMQ2FROhiqNOH7-b-ozWx-hnqLysSSWWDpUbsN8yRwLGezCHwFAmq4OaplBp8sKS5PX6OabtWYfhXum7_NthdQGWM/w640-h462/kub%20rr%206th.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Unfortunately, both the AlphaHRV and Kubios RR curve shapes do not conform to the Hexoskin shape.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What about the Kubios + Movesense ECG?</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBOLRQwBTQesEdk4D4QYYXEdQSPhfc0Be6odUJMl_Ch7vEirKmC1Lnkffmu-RjRkOkZJ0hOMM-s1-3x_tnOj13vRZahToIMt7GmrVBrQ-Q5RCvcRyG62EBeyeoQ2O64nesw_irKu8vkU3o-qT1jKvPWie-EigqPdvH3m11h12PBVc9jYrf0F_AtmkF/s2034/ms%206th.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1660" data-original-width="2034" height="522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBOLRQwBTQesEdk4D4QYYXEdQSPhfc0Be6odUJMl_Ch7vEirKmC1Lnkffmu-RjRkOkZJ0hOMM-s1-3x_tnOj13vRZahToIMt7GmrVBrQ-Q5RCvcRyG62EBeyeoQ2O64nesw_irKu8vkU3o-qT1jKvPWie-EigqPdvH3m11h12PBVc9jYrf0F_AtmkF/w640-h522/ms%206th.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Wow - pretty close to the Hexoskin! <br /></b></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I continue to be impressed with this combo of equipment and software.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">If one were to try to derive VT1 or 2 from resp rate data, the Movesense ECG + Kubios would be the way to go. With the other methods YMMV.<b><br /></b></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Some conclusions:</b></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Garmin's resp rate algorithm is not very accurate</b>. The bias is very high and correlation modest despite high quality RR recordings.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>AlphaHRV tracks resp rate well</b>, <i>especially at steady state conditions</i>. It potentially can do well during a ramp (from what I've seen of other examples) but in the above case, it was not good enough for threshold estimation based on published models.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We again see that the combo of the <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm"><b>Movesense ECG with Kubios software</b></a> is both able to track resp rate at steady state conditions and do very well during incremental ramps. It can also reproduce the 6th order polynomial plot for threshold estimation. However, there is a cost associated with this combo that is not trivial.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">One wonders, what is going on with the <a href="https://www.garmin.com/en-US/newsroom/press-release/corporate/2020-garmin-acquires-firstbeat-analytics-a-leading-provider-of-physiological-analytics-for-health-fitness-and-performance/">Garmin/Firstbeat</a> division. These programmers/scientists are supposed to be top notch, have years of development under their belt, large financial and testing resources. How can they release such a flawed product? It also makes one not trust their other metrics and claims (training readiness, body battery, sleep scores etc). Although it's impressive that a couple of young programmers working in their spare time have easily surpassed them, I think it's shameful that Garmin puts out this type of software quality. </span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: red;">Bottom line - David beats Goliath.</span> </span><br /></li></ul><p> <br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-8774259708316840842022-10-13T05:36:00.002-07:002023-02-02T11:09:38.739-08:00Kubios Scientific and DFA a1 thresholds<p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Acknowledgment</i> - I would like to thank the Kubios team and project founders for continuing to enhance and improve it's functionality. In addition, I can honestly say that most if not all of the <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.879071/full">interesting work</a> we have done with DFA a1 and exercise physiology may not have occurred without this program. A good analogy is that of a grand tour rider and their teammates/support staff - it really does take the entire team to create a winner. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: red;">Updated</span> 10/24/22 - added section on multi user/athlete recording and cloud uploading </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Updated 2/2/23 - <b>New RR aberrancy markers</b> and bug fixes</span> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Last week a new, enhanced version of <a href="https://www.kubios.com/">Kubios HRV</a> software was released that includes a "<a href="https://www.kubios.com/hrv-scientific/">training report</a>" and direct Polar H10 ECG recording with cloud file storage. What this means is that for those of us interested in HRV related intensity thresholds, the software will now do an automatic calculation showing both VO2 and HR at the AeT (VT1) and AnT (VT2). In addition, using the companion mobile app, you can record Polar H10 ECG (with a running visualization) for later cloud upload and desktop analysis. These features are on top of the previously discussed respiratory rate estimation based on either HRV or ECG fluctuations.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>ECG recording </b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Before going into the Training Report with DFA thresholds and intensity zone tracking, a brief look at the ECG recording capability is in order. You will need to be a registered user for the Scientific version to save the ECG file. As discussed in previous posts, ECG display is an integral part of not only getting <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html">the most precision out of HRV recording</a>, but can make a huge medical difference by <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/atrial-fibrillation-warning-signs-from.html">identifying arrhythmia and early signs of atrial fibrillation</a> that can be common in endurance athletes. As discussed above, there are smartphone apps to record continuous ECG data from the H10, but many are not completely stable and crash when you need them the most. I'm hopeful the Kubios implementation will not suffer from that issue.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the Mobile app - Start a Custom measurement - Choose the ECG toggle - Record the tracing:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvU0hX0b1LLnKK7V3nCNRFZ2JOiyw_TOGbxcwC2j9d1KztcMP9x0b6j2gcJcCopWXtw_qkuJx_lWdhs0PMoQ_EqUyFXLGV8rVpvjzGjSJm3zxrbP9k5cS7_HsVXo9_IaqWZKBa1W_hHmDa2Pp8Ybik-gmG0h_Kh5CpKGAmWmjU-FtzGshzMGllIK0B/s640/SmartSelect_20221003_115653_KubiosHRV.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="626" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvU0hX0b1LLnKK7V3nCNRFZ2JOiyw_TOGbxcwC2j9d1KztcMP9x0b6j2gcJcCopWXtw_qkuJx_lWdhs0PMoQ_EqUyFXLGV8rVpvjzGjSJm3zxrbP9k5cS7_HsVXo9_IaqWZKBa1W_hHmDa2Pp8Ybik-gmG0h_Kh5CpKGAmWmjU-FtzGshzMGllIK0B/w391-h400/SmartSelect_20221003_115653_KubiosHRV.gif" width="391" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">When done, upload it to the Kubios cloud site, <a href="https://www.kubios.com/downloads/HRV-Scientific-Users-Guide.pdf">then "sync"</a> the files to your PC afterward (the sync function is in the PC program).</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Are there advantages to this over some of the <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/polar-h10-ecg-tracing-short-how-to-guide.html">other apps</a>?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Yes and No - All apps at their best will record the voltage over time from the H10 unit (all at a fixed 130 Hz sample rate). However, if you were a coach, running a lab or involved with groups of athletes/patients and you wanted to monitor and store the records, the Kubios solution seems the optimal route. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Training Report</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This is where several metrics are tracked through part or the entire exercise session (HR, Resp, DFA a1, VO2 estimate). This includes DFA a1 threshold determination. I will admit that I have no idea how it's done, that info is not in the documentation. So let's just skip to the question of how well their net HR result agrees with the <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.879071/full?utm">conventional way we calculate the HR</a> at the first and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/6/2/38">second</a> thresholds.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Before jumping into that, I recommend going to the preference menu and changing the default nonlinear beat options to the one below (<b>short term fluctuations to N1 between 4 and 16</b>):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwmzmenYwcGy0AeA22DptKJM2AIZcGSFpAX-QweoSuSrSPYtw4BEbUuYPr2ZTcxbgzyp94KeR7YMzhx_qq48OKZ7Wr4naPUssVR8yBhrNBCnXFW2aPOwtCvL5njD_A0yWrkqh3cZySzb0O_nq2gdD1nQ9Mxnzxn7XrCoLlmMsQQkWsLrJ0EbonNgxc/s595/pref%201.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="595" height="339" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwmzmenYwcGy0AeA22DptKJM2AIZcGSFpAX-QweoSuSrSPYtw4BEbUuYPr2ZTcxbgzyp94KeR7YMzhx_qq48OKZ7Wr4naPUssVR8yBhrNBCnXFW2aPOwtCvL5njD_A0yWrkqh3cZySzb0O_nq2gdD1nQ9Mxnzxn7XrCoLlmMsQQkWsLrJ0EbonNgxc/w400-h339/pref%201.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>Note that the N1 default is 4 to 12 which may yield different DFA a1 results</i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWy5tcSp_VT9sA3AGZeTWd3gibpRQsmFKN46xSty6yJBTxl_9UpgnXj7HyKM9EKrWzs_jwOpBX9PPFIjRLZ39ldQKVz3ZBmbKCr9EgRgTtlctzHRslTohqX1b27HK1EkIUuk7cc63WLuSmYPhID_mFToErHSqY8kx4IP58lBy4iafH0qSEsRZu7Dpt/s595/pref%202.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="505" data-original-width="595" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWy5tcSp_VT9sA3AGZeTWd3gibpRQsmFKN46xSty6yJBTxl_9UpgnXj7HyKM9EKrWzs_jwOpBX9PPFIjRLZ39ldQKVz3ZBmbKCr9EgRgTtlctzHRslTohqX1b27HK1EkIUuk7cc63WLuSmYPhID_mFToErHSqY8kx4IP58lBy4iafH0qSEsRZu7Dpt/w400-h340/pref%202.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Window width = 120 sec</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5jqfCJ2sidMLJkZ-FrPKRBsQZeJ8xLqcJlUjeP7ye-lDYZn8v6SDnnn213--UUS6m2Z_Yb71lo7Oc0P9NrwNlwAPDteA4poINObaX7Zc4z5iwcHeza6kI9eoAjwQni-i_yd20034nAorkv2sv9bc4xKmsdrSkCBpuh-qGwIGr13o1PYIPSANDNhu/s592/pref%203.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="503" data-original-width="592" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK5jqfCJ2sidMLJkZ-FrPKRBsQZeJ8xLqcJlUjeP7ye-lDYZn8v6SDnnn213--UUS6m2Z_Yb71lo7Oc0P9NrwNlwAPDteA4poINObaX7Zc4z5iwcHeza6kI9eoAjwQni-i_yd20034nAorkv2sv9bc4xKmsdrSkCBpuh-qGwIGr13o1PYIPSANDNhu/w400-h340/pref%203.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Make sure Ventilatory thresholds are calculated as DFA a1.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Next - Load a<b> ramp file</b> (File/Open). As of this writing, I'm not sure how well the algorithm will work with a mixed session (or multiple intervals) for threshold analysis.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Select the Reports menu - Training Report </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNaB_qk5h7mbtRNAsqenw59xctYF9W0m2WP9icjgIHLK-2sYkf--nTsVPymyjfBc1pSadeUaUwX9scDCbQdGJhNgUUyUSWQptfCAA72PJWG-644XDkEqjr9UDdV8K5JINoZWRwbFE1R7gp-7PRcsqvJxMmsVjhXApFDaX1f_RhG2k6DWL8JBBxTqen/s325/train%20report.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="229" data-original-width="325" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNaB_qk5h7mbtRNAsqenw59xctYF9W0m2WP9icjgIHLK-2sYkf--nTsVPymyjfBc1pSadeUaUwX9scDCbQdGJhNgUUyUSWQptfCAA72PJWG-644XDkEqjr9UDdV8K5JINoZWRwbFE1R7gp-7PRcsqvJxMmsVjhXApFDaX1f_RhG2k6DWL8JBBxTqen/s320/train%20report.png" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">You will then get this dialog box:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMiK-CFoEzTrG27jn87AJA1JUR26djdUmqSQ5EmERRd_16wQvwWzbrVk4fgr0x5I7Prl4tEefo__lv4kmf6caSVJSlCGDJ-y4IMsX9d55KBfGQlGCIK852gORURZLQhV5ZdyBPMvV7mlsBuc7C28Fb1KkRZWg5V1uMU--1jhfTndGsfge6NJ7aj4-F/s466/train%20rep%20select.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="466" height="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMiK-CFoEzTrG27jn87AJA1JUR26djdUmqSQ5EmERRd_16wQvwWzbrVk4fgr0x5I7Prl4tEefo__lv4kmf6caSVJSlCGDJ-y4IMsX9d55KBfGQlGCIK852gORURZLQhV5ZdyBPMvV7mlsBuc7C28Fb1KkRZWg5V1uMU--1jhfTndGsfge6NJ7aj4-F/w400-h328/train%20rep%20select.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Select "Whole data" and detect Recovery automatically. If you had a long warmup before the ramp, make a custom "Sample" to encompass the ramp and a bit of the cool-down.<b><br /></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Note</b> -The previous bug is now fixed - you may select a portion of the ramp or session for more exact analysis. <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Training report output:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixvLW6rPBtiTv0lU0nrbPInGp0JrVFsICMeqWM47s_UEKD2ctZ6JUQTfWzV1ZdXaO6AVRFGXue8U7ZDlr3kJET0LsKfA8jqBGbVWF8EcS2CvpxMqmvaGb982gtue4WCeivfUzxort2YC-rWicBAz91pk3lR5137SmqSE10wUDlY0H0IFTqpgY5S5hw/s985/train%20rep%20whole.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="985" data-original-width="758" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixvLW6rPBtiTv0lU0nrbPInGp0JrVFsICMeqWM47s_UEKD2ctZ6JUQTfWzV1ZdXaO6AVRFGXue8U7ZDlr3kJET0LsKfA8jqBGbVWF8EcS2CvpxMqmvaGb982gtue4WCeivfUzxort2YC-rWicBAz91pk3lR5137SmqSE10wUDlY0H0IFTqpgY5S5hw/w492-h640/train%20rep%20whole.jpg" width="492" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The red arrow points to the HRVT 1/2 (184 and 195 bpm in this case).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The red box is the DFA a1 over time (using the default "auto" artifact correction), an estimate of VO2 (using established equations based on age, BMI, HR or user defined).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The green box is the HR/respiratory rate over time.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The above report is based on <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.596567/full">one of the participants in our original validation study</a> - and the numbers were quite close to what I obtained manually (plotting the HR vs DFA a1 using linear regression - bottom figure):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju2GsunRHDXUC3Uii3Ao_fD9IdwTRH4C2niPEaAMwYs0UPjIiT2NyCUZuewqCGY1kO_BKnYeAhtomXzYG06IvEXsnsqgSGIBOtSsS1KOsL2KD7fUjCGTdTAQ36bUoJp-MTvuvv6UHCyyksHIL6e35qnRThITdn9hgifoEBgzdhrqd0GHeFnrdu5jGx/s3962/fphys-11-596567-g001.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3962" data-original-width="1742" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju2GsunRHDXUC3Uii3Ao_fD9IdwTRH4C2niPEaAMwYs0UPjIiT2NyCUZuewqCGY1kO_BKnYeAhtomXzYG06IvEXsnsqgSGIBOtSsS1KOsL2KD7fUjCGTdTAQ36bUoJp-MTvuvv6UHCyyksHIL6e35qnRThITdn9hgifoEBgzdhrqd0GHeFnrdu5jGx/w282-h640/fphys-11-596567-g001.jpg" width="282" /></a></span></div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Since the Kubios training report HRVTs were so close to the "hand done" output, I decided to go through the entire participant group and compare "manual" vs whatever Kubios Scientific is doing.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's take a look:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Regression plots for each threshold:</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">First (AeT)<br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDLXbNdB66qg8PA2Wbtb4Sb57Zx26VYT14fl_c4fgK6GldavWI2snNXNzfBIoVvyqSXqbNS_6taIwciifGbqnNIsae3Wmi7MNQ7RHFotnky1ykPR_NhKAEwqytGm5ix3WkpTvkygaO-66LByjpF0XrQZZOieXZMAGkZq-zJYBfk8XgV4JWtjltdh4y/s2643/hrvt%20reg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1983" data-original-width="2643" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDLXbNdB66qg8PA2Wbtb4Sb57Zx26VYT14fl_c4fgK6GldavWI2snNXNzfBIoVvyqSXqbNS_6taIwciifGbqnNIsae3Wmi7MNQ7RHFotnky1ykPR_NhKAEwqytGm5ix3WkpTvkygaO-66LByjpF0XrQZZOieXZMAGkZq-zJYBfk8XgV4JWtjltdh4y/w640-h480/hrvt%20reg.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Second (AnT)<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0j_JxgSqrIW2ql_3sZJt7f9NFlIYQ2WcshPDZ1HCPpof786af7XMMsGft8IrIx2_wupKMAxieyOgoB1rJ4Li_dFPR45I1uxS2cfJqIu20WHv-16JiYl7vDA_nU2E6qSw7_QaS7aqUt12lbLiQ9MmN4vtB2abQJg5XNEizBGVL6HcQPge6ss3w_Jle/s2642/hrvt2%20reg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1982" data-original-width="2642" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0j_JxgSqrIW2ql_3sZJt7f9NFlIYQ2WcshPDZ1HCPpof786af7XMMsGft8IrIx2_wupKMAxieyOgoB1rJ4Li_dFPR45I1uxS2cfJqIu20WHv-16JiYl7vDA_nU2E6qSw7_QaS7aqUt12lbLiQ9MmN4vtB2abQJg5XNEizBGVL6HcQPge6ss3w_Jle/w640-h480/hrvt2%20reg.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">R squared correlation coefficients are very good, if not excellent (more on this below)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">HRVT2 appears to be tighter than HRVT1.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Bland Altman difference analysis:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">HRVT: </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCjKkbPJvGsAw9yEpOJpu6q5JCC4Z7EZTlm_CZGl5lugTX65hl3K6_trgWMG98_qLwrwNvLBQ4AL-EaBu5UfPnAq8z4t1SPwdMMhrqPa4L0cEWENiLAGNXifB0qFm22Z_sNvTPgIXNzCPMwz5ZOeYNd1bjRbVWtc_-Y5Am4_HxQopzVsZuPNKLqlRj/s2347/ba%20hrvt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1188" data-original-width="2347" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCjKkbPJvGsAw9yEpOJpu6q5JCC4Z7EZTlm_CZGl5lugTX65hl3K6_trgWMG98_qLwrwNvLBQ4AL-EaBu5UfPnAq8z4t1SPwdMMhrqPa4L0cEWENiLAGNXifB0qFm22Z_sNvTPgIXNzCPMwz5ZOeYNd1bjRbVWtc_-Y5Am4_HxQopzVsZuPNKLqlRj/w640-h324/ba%20hrvt.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">HRVT2:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GxCDrgqoh7wDPc2npMRioRJoL4PV9mFc5l6gnG_erix5nWi2IKDJeNXdT1nKsBv3r4jWFlCxw2dgq0XfThZJDAgMu3dSTVzCipl_7AxMjrUopiIU1tDyFirl4NfvHmcOCc4dR-87dWnW6doj3jMAy56aOnfx6CmEXxPbXtsbSwtS58Ad3hNpbi-b/s2347/BA%20hrvt2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1188" data-original-width="2347" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_GxCDrgqoh7wDPc2npMRioRJoL4PV9mFc5l6gnG_erix5nWi2IKDJeNXdT1nKsBv3r4jWFlCxw2dgq0XfThZJDAgMu3dSTVzCipl_7AxMjrUopiIU1tDyFirl4NfvHmcOCc4dR-87dWnW6doj3jMAy56aOnfx6CmEXxPbXtsbSwtS58Ad3hNpbi-b/w640-h324/BA%20hrvt2.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Many results are spot on but some are noticeably different.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Mean first and second threshold determinations for the entire group were very close - within 1 bpm:</span></li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJhl9R6MCdk7Gszd4nXP4oolAsgKZ2kOnhb84pTxuOcgVQffxfbCUloksOEuzwKeYI5F3lXF6sYoYlruohLhpXmDOWX9ruiw_8CC7FWHMmWP2UV09_1QTe9t5YVefm_SS-1Jw-Qh8U-P09jy5uNVRePk7USwS_5df-sM4FMwCHn_I3VzjvMjkSg-7s/s394/mean%20bpm.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="44" data-original-width="394" height="45" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJhl9R6MCdk7Gszd4nXP4oolAsgKZ2kOnhb84pTxuOcgVQffxfbCUloksOEuzwKeYI5F3lXF6sYoYlruohLhpXmDOWX9ruiw_8CC7FWHMmWP2UV09_1QTe9t5YVefm_SS-1Jw-Qh8U-P09jy5uNVRePk7USwS_5df-sM4FMwCHn_I3VzjvMjkSg-7s/w400-h45/mean%20bpm.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /> <br /></span><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Why they are not identical?</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Possibilities include the underlying methodology (we used HR vs a1 regression through the near linear section of decline). The "training report" might use something else (a1 vs time then back solve for time:HR/VO2).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The choice of which points to use for regression is another major factor.There is no exact standard - I personally look for the series of data points to optimize a straight line.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Does Kubios account for nadir values (and not to plot them) and how early does it start to count the points for regression? </span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Another interesting issue (in one of the participants) was failure of the "automatic" <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/821">artifact correction method</a> to properly handle a few atrial premature complexes resulting in a skewed data series:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">On a first look through the participant data, there was an outlier who had this training report. Outlier meaning the Kubios threshold was very different than the one I derived.<br /><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEk3epoHM_uGC6zA8uFDvQEMxmN6kCxg_3xPjCRXkfBMpyr7DcEvdfk_feQ7Q1M4VseOn0SYXUVXtf4V9kbBdIGwpYsr26L1Awcknx5ndOxh362G9DZEQur_4-Qk83Fg3YxdBCPj1VgACthBV-ZF7x1n1Ac4_zZ_Fh1Y6tTQv2K83zaqMBK6hFyL3A/s1035/pr5%20rep.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1035" data-original-width="737" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEk3epoHM_uGC6zA8uFDvQEMxmN6kCxg_3xPjCRXkfBMpyr7DcEvdfk_feQ7Q1M4VseOn0SYXUVXtf4V9kbBdIGwpYsr26L1Awcknx5ndOxh362G9DZEQur_4-Qk83Fg3YxdBCPj1VgACthBV-ZF7x1n1Ac4_zZ_Fh1Y6tTQv2K83zaqMBK6hFyL3A/w456-h640/pr5%20rep.jpg" width="456" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">As you can see, the DFA a1 over time drops then rises again, then drops (purple arrow and circle).</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">On closer look, my original analysis did not have that (from my old worksheet):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCr9rJYLyhmVh8u3Kj2qBHkCGHQ-t36fqHk65ILdDJ_NdovCYa3d5QDzi2h_93sor37WjU32gwaV7897Z429Yxu7569zZnif10OFM4HvxOqEPImYRd9IVt9RY5lJQuSccOGeB5KAQnEmR-cJVycfrUpwNvuiHcnGuix7v4MFolSQihxs_61QCgmSe/s2394/a1%20over%20time.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1377" data-original-width="2394" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCr9rJYLyhmVh8u3Kj2qBHkCGHQ-t36fqHk65ILdDJ_NdovCYa3d5QDzi2h_93sor37WjU32gwaV7897Z429Yxu7569zZnif10OFM4HvxOqEPImYRd9IVt9RY5lJQuSccOGeB5KAQnEmR-cJVycfrUpwNvuiHcnGuix7v4MFolSQihxs_61QCgmSe/w640-h368/a1%20over%20time.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">No up/down bump - why?</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">A look at the ECG tells the story:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is the original raw file:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-MbdVLlB7ayzocGIcytdrTVv-53gpSLMKM8peyr56sqx2LEB2CJQb94omqTLymwXsl7KSYevVBjZhINJ7QtYC0q0Qtt67ze-yXx9Qnw6qr_pGPzDcSov-xTfRymo7TC8YliIOMA261MNfMMoJHh53BpDH9IHkBb1IxsPpjRVKlVc_zpJGGhs6SgXE/s1893/orig%20apc.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1108" data-original-width="1893" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-MbdVLlB7ayzocGIcytdrTVv-53gpSLMKM8peyr56sqx2LEB2CJQb94omqTLymwXsl7KSYevVBjZhINJ7QtYC0q0Qtt67ze-yXx9Qnw6qr_pGPzDcSov-xTfRymo7TC8YliIOMA261MNfMMoJHh53BpDH9IHkBb1IxsPpjRVKlVc_zpJGGhs6SgXE/w640-h374/orig%20apc.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There is a series of 3 non consecutive APCs (the green arrow and green circle show the middle APC in the blue 2 minute measurement window.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The app does not seem to think these beats are abnormal, keeps them in the series and the result is the bump in a1 (orange circle on bottom pane).</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">However, if I <i>manually delete</i> just those 3 beats (which I did on the original years ago), the plot smooths out:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik91_dcyMFJHMGfDjP_KnSBa1v1GTJTiNqdnVAMmlP75PwzdBcuRFSXqEpryGkIERC9suRxwDuUJSmzH6josIIxspNm4jEQNXf-O7ajwq6D02Y2FWV9HTIAqbf3eyZDNBP9BItQdGJ771JAc2xxvtCMSfFWEP-BZJtrAentwm2UlnWcjZsOLCu5GGA/s1910/effect%20of%20apc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1108" data-original-width="1910" height="372" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik91_dcyMFJHMGfDjP_KnSBa1v1GTJTiNqdnVAMmlP75PwzdBcuRFSXqEpryGkIERC9suRxwDuUJSmzH6josIIxspNm4jEQNXf-O7ajwq6D02Y2FWV9HTIAqbf3eyZDNBP9BItQdGJ771JAc2xxvtCMSfFWEP-BZJtrAentwm2UlnWcjZsOLCu5GGA/w640-h372/effect%20of%20apc.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I unchecked the 3 APCs (no red "+" anymore at the green circle) and the a1 flattens out (yellow below).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This is meant as a warning - look at the DFA a1 over time output - if it has a strange pattern, either redo the test, consider other reasons for that behavior and <i>look at artifacts carefully</i>.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The HRVT was markedly improved by doing the beat correction. <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">However, if a coach, physiology lab or group were interested in a quick, objective ramp threshold estimation, this appears to give reasonable results (especially if nothing fishy appears in the a1 tracing plot). Certainly, YMMV depending on artifact, signal quality and day to day variation. The artifact issue above would affect a manual a1 calculation as well.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">New feature 2/2/23 - "X marks the spot"</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">If we are attempting to identify abnormal beats, it would be nice to see which ones are not in keeping with Kubios timing predictions. This is a key to APC identification (since at high HR we can't see the P waves well). In the past, it was best guess - there were no timing markers. Now, the app will circle the R peak marker if the beat is aberrant (early or late)</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvRqOTQFEmE8lFC3JkWHfwEMTAieF-ojF4rNSxG-GAboURrsgiGq0dwfcLKOWUtCpV4iWzk7q2aNiNUnKivz8KEIVf9Wpwggt8PA4ibwhFLvt2OxMyGDJOD7LuFdCVl751T0ukE-h_wzzyGMULV9c76sPNbRNIFNAczBabH72cGqWlqlRJoc_9Q4TA/s1707/kubios%20beats.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="1707" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvRqOTQFEmE8lFC3JkWHfwEMTAieF-ojF4rNSxG-GAboURrsgiGq0dwfcLKOWUtCpV4iWzk7q2aNiNUnKivz8KEIVf9Wpwggt8PA4ibwhFLvt2OxMyGDJOD7LuFdCVl751T0ukE-h_wzzyGMULV9c76sPNbRNIFNAczBabH72cGqWlqlRJoc_9Q4TA/w640-h182/kubios%20beats.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;">In this case each APC is early, (the green arrow) but the beat after the APC is late (also classified as aberrant). We can now easy see which of a series is aberrant and where they are.</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">As frequent APC are forerunners for SVT and possibly a fib, this is a great feature to have.<br /></span><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Training Zones:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As part of the training report, the app will now calculate the amount of time you spend in zone 1, 2 or 3 as determined by DFA a1. <i>This is potentially a game changer!</i> Previously, you would have needed to export the time varying output to Excel and manually do the calculations. None of the Web apps (Runalyze or AIEndurance) inform you as to the zone times related to DFA a1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is one example of my own reviewed in the <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-lactate-and-intensity.html">previous post </a>as an illustration of lactate/respiratory rate vs cycling power to determine the polarization index (4 minutes in zone 3 by cycling power, but far longer according to lactate/resp rate):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5EFbn9HvOtrfOWAljy1_W9pUKe9k72MqY28ErBdkKlpJOuPVBS0zuKQCDEdaXmrAlErwDPPQRFiKFczrbLZXCVLKtRDlTRnJD7u5t5VlKi3sszNTI0fTVfe7mPstgSmsfJCAco6qhvOBHAq_4bwOsBBJwHUaLq3bdzHO_35UDYp8jaASWxrW89DRL/s944/zone%20report.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="944" data-original-width="754" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5EFbn9HvOtrfOWAljy1_W9pUKe9k72MqY28ErBdkKlpJOuPVBS0zuKQCDEdaXmrAlErwDPPQRFiKFczrbLZXCVLKtRDlTRnJD7u5t5VlKi3sszNTI0fTVfe7mPstgSmsfJCAco6qhvOBHAq_4bwOsBBJwHUaLq3bdzHO_35UDYp8jaASWxrW89DRL/w512-h640/zone%20report.jpg" width="512" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The DFA a1 zone report is boxed in green (listed as "HRV thresholds"):</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Over 8%(12 min) of the session was spent in zone 3 (a1 < .5) and 75% in zone 1 (a1 > .75). That 8% (12 min) in zone 3 (by DFA a1) contrasts to the total of 4 minutes spent in zone 3 calculated by <i>power</i> (see the 2 spikes in HR corresponding to the HIT intervals).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This again illustrates the difference between measuring exercise load from external markers (power) vs internal markers (DFA a1, resp rate, VO2 or even lactate).<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>One must also realize that fatigue/illness or any other condition that may suppress the autonomic nervous system can alter DFA a1 behavior</i>. Hence, repeating the exact same workout as above if I was fatigued/over reached would have skewed the zone report. <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.879071/full">That is still a potentially helpful clue</a> to ANS status and whether or not you should back off on training intensity.<br /></span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Multi User input:</span></b><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For those of us managing multiple tests subjects, athletes or rehab clients, I would like to go through the appropriate procedure to manage this. As an example, let's say you have the Scientific version and have 2 test centers running simultaneously with each tester having a different device (android or ios). They would both need Kubios mobile on their phones then log in with your user name and password. Once on the main screen.....<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Go to - a new Custom measurement on the main screen:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilU6-MaDGO4eBJM6suGs6Yx79wpNKE7VLHhcOqQWkE3NG1c4BCTS8nTzw8FfqKIXAbZKrKLHf3KfOzRC4eR4mLrHUEBlmYbHIoHCEINexX5A2-KqRQT-JUUvwn07bQaXUIA7uXcCa52JdFHbvQx3ogw0cj3v9AnZEvm5bumCzT98iz2w6H2SsY_TGe/s840/SmartSelect_20221024_145732_KubiosHRV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="840" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilU6-MaDGO4eBJM6suGs6Yx79wpNKE7VLHhcOqQWkE3NG1c4BCTS8nTzw8FfqKIXAbZKrKLHf3KfOzRC4eR4mLrHUEBlmYbHIoHCEINexX5A2-KqRQT-JUUvwn07bQaXUIA7uXcCa52JdFHbvQx3ogw0cj3v9AnZEvm5bumCzT98iz2w6H2SsY_TGe/s320/SmartSelect_20221024_145732_KubiosHRV.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Press that and we get this:</span><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDcGqTEgtKUYfkfaM_KdSZuZ13F0c5KfS4iG-t8u9HuKZ7FhmcDn3rn_Nf-kWx8LqCbHzzT5Q0r_6JrslUCS6pijHx8wZaETm_QFUUhvNSm8yAt4Zd1WaWWzWHQjNazqBHTsQzcvL94vHMEMCMiTqnsHMmJQuLOGinfzjEc_Fvom9EjNVza7JQUvSz/s1812/SmartSelect_20221024_145807_KubiosHRV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1542" data-original-width="1812" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDcGqTEgtKUYfkfaM_KdSZuZ13F0c5KfS4iG-t8u9HuKZ7FhmcDn3rn_Nf-kWx8LqCbHzzT5Q0r_6JrslUCS6pijHx8wZaETm_QFUUhvNSm8yAt4Zd1WaWWzWHQjNazqBHTsQzcvL94vHMEMCMiTqnsHMmJQuLOGinfzjEc_Fvom9EjNVza7JQUvSz/w400-h340/SmartSelect_20221024_145807_KubiosHRV.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I have chosen both RR and ECG, but my name is in the "subject" box.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>We want to change that</b>:</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What needs to be done is to press on the "Bruce Rogers" Subject box to get this:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCU-RzvlhHdJ2F-fVO825iIsJMPkaQkMHuw_fzAs_H4cgod2oLnbagImDlpI1a5KS8gPr3eUFYm27g2MMQ8p0zKBrj90Rbu_vLd3IGdv3mnZgObTvnN39LgoHU82gauQy2fbBybLyuVjRqCvgaRniTvtd9X5uQIgdWnFiAmYgCCRKfa9I80EH94N2/s1800/Screenshot_20221024_145848_KubiosHRV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="982" data-original-width="1800" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnCU-RzvlhHdJ2F-fVO825iIsJMPkaQkMHuw_fzAs_H4cgod2oLnbagImDlpI1a5KS8gPr3eUFYm27g2MMQ8p0zKBrj90Rbu_vLd3IGdv3mnZgObTvnN39LgoHU82gauQy2fbBybLyuVjRqCvgaRniTvtd9X5uQIgdWnFiAmYgCCRKfa9I80EH94N2/w400-h219/Screenshot_20221024_145848_KubiosHRV.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We will need to press the "Add new" on the top right.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Then you can enter the details for the new user, or whoever is getting the test:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBcYIzdFT1WC0R9-3e7c-Njvm7m2yHCXca-uaC8kLUOuTnsNZg2HpwZjjZoV5VPNuG4F-IA8kR_0svI7SbOkWH85j_r59Czgj8IkIe038OTjd6E6Y8qyP2_61WXG602hB8PGnKLIFf6_PVeEjXI_kUTvM05uIrHRpdl1HlOXepr0H0Y12-fbASyep_/s1816/Screenshot_20221024_150004_KubiosHRV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1816" data-original-width="1812" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBcYIzdFT1WC0R9-3e7c-Njvm7m2yHCXca-uaC8kLUOuTnsNZg2HpwZjjZoV5VPNuG4F-IA8kR_0svI7SbOkWH85j_r59Czgj8IkIe038OTjd6E6Y8qyP2_61WXG602hB8PGnKLIFf6_PVeEjXI_kUTvM05uIrHRpdl1HlOXepr0H0Y12-fbASyep_/w399-h400/Screenshot_20221024_150004_KubiosHRV.jpg" width="399" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I added "New user" but did not fill out the details below it. Once done, hit the "Done" button</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp4yGFrGlZPO9weNnK1zQ50B_SRZ7JZgHBM1h0-JL-dVxe_wQYsyrKnZFOm34TfxoXsxH_3FiFr5m5wlpIdZa2B49Np0Pn8BHy3KKybXXKxNZLXjhZd-JTIiyq6ZWDd0qZ0Ssi4OvKcaN9aXFEQ-kd2o4Xgd9War4DvxlIMtWRowwajOEmFNyNInzx/s1809/Screenshot_20221024_150043_KubiosHRV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1460" data-original-width="1809" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp4yGFrGlZPO9weNnK1zQ50B_SRZ7JZgHBM1h0-JL-dVxe_wQYsyrKnZFOm34TfxoXsxH_3FiFr5m5wlpIdZa2B49Np0Pn8BHy3KKybXXKxNZLXjhZd-JTIiyq6ZWDd0qZ0Ssi4OvKcaN9aXFEQ-kd2o4Xgd9War4DvxlIMtWRowwajOEmFNyNInzx/w400-h323/Screenshot_20221024_150043_KubiosHRV.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Now we are back to the original screen, but instead of my name, the "new user" is selected. On the info box below it, you can add any details about the test.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Then just press the proceed button and you can start the recording: <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pkoKKxSpDAH0GJCC2yHwnEJ10Sb8ABKmldW2_DK5ajMP17-w4Xbvqiha9WvakMCQBf8FHyj9zI7YPIbnIvgoJisR_pDEgOu98BzcYl2wEVSE5xM4HjSWcxhIUsAe-fUTfwHEMLt9sIgGm5QfkdVZid3e1R8tNUn81-XnMbOsczCRmFMsq7P1gQ-h/s1973/Screenshot_20221024_150241_KubiosHRV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1973" data-original-width="1812" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pkoKKxSpDAH0GJCC2yHwnEJ10Sb8ABKmldW2_DK5ajMP17-w4Xbvqiha9WvakMCQBf8FHyj9zI7YPIbnIvgoJisR_pDEgOu98BzcYl2wEVSE5xM4HjSWcxhIUsAe-fUTfwHEMLt9sIgGm5QfkdVZid3e1R8tNUn81-XnMbOsczCRmFMsq7P1gQ-h/s320/Screenshot_20221024_150241_KubiosHRV.jpg" width="294" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Press start<br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FzYlJklq7uN6RG16TRJMM3Q9D-pZ3X861Frj9RSmQAUr7pxqWz70Hbeo0BCLM5QsTvuXbHl7zec8oYj2KHaqGMd8BUEtR12mNa4UG97BGWH-5JqqhBKZ07YDz-lGNcyuCQAQjTHrVByEsmjcD92rgTxPSRCBPYTOibTdSMVU_rZk5_wHlHRdqq-u/s1944/Screenshot_20221024_150319_KubiosHRV.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="1798" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FzYlJklq7uN6RG16TRJMM3Q9D-pZ3X861Frj9RSmQAUr7pxqWz70Hbeo0BCLM5QsTvuXbHl7zec8oYj2KHaqGMd8BUEtR12mNa4UG97BGWH-5JqqhBKZ07YDz-lGNcyuCQAQjTHrVByEsmjcD92rgTxPSRCBPYTOibTdSMVU_rZk5_wHlHRdqq-u/s320/Screenshot_20221024_150319_KubiosHRV.jpg" width="296" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">When finished, save the recording, go to your PC, then to the Kubios main app, select Tools/Kubios cloud sync, chose the synch process, then go to the folder you selected for downloads to view the results.</span><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The new Kubios HRV Scientific software is now capable of automatic calculation of the HRVT1/2. For accurate readings, perform an incremental ramp when physically and mentally fresh.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It appears that the agreement with "manual" methods is excellent based on comparing it to our original studies.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">However, <i>blind usage</i> of the resultant HR data may be problematic. Make sure there is a section of near linear DFA a1 decline over time - if so, the resultant threshold output will probably be close to doing it by hand.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Having ECG output is indispensable. It's important to both optimize signal strength, <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html">waveform shape</a> and perhaps most importantly, differentiate <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/12/a-tale-of-2-hrvs-afib-vs-noise.html">noise artifact vs arrhythmia</a>. If you do see aberrant beats as in the above example, consider manual beat deletion if the DFA a1 curve is atypical. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios Scientific is capable of directly recording the H10 ECG with the companion mobile version for iOS or android. There is cloud storage ability to be used with the PC version for detailed review.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">As an added and unique feature, training zone distribution based on an autonomic (internal load) marker is automatically calculated using DFA a1 data.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally, remember to interpret DFA a1 as an indicator of <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.879071/full">ANS status and as part of the "network" theory of exercise physiology</a>. Inappropriate suppression compared to prior historic values may be due to many diverse factors (fatigue, illness, de-training).<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/rapid-hrvt-graphing-and-interpretation.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Rapid HRVT graphing and interpretation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font 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size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", 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href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-correlation-to-lactate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Respiratory rate correlation to lactate during exercise </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><br /><br /></span>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-2303570099834329732022-09-30T10:55:00.006-07:002022-10-01T04:57:54.856-07:00Respiratory rate, lactate and intensity distribution<p><span style="font-family: arial;">The <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-metrics-ecg-vs-hrv.html">last post</a> discussed the potential to accurately monitor respiratory rate via either ECG or HRV. Yes, this is a nice observation, but what practical benefit can this be used for? After all, it may be of some interest to know a given respiratory frequency number with some accuracy, but if there are not any practical uses, why bother? </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm#B4-sensors-22-07156">our introduction</a> we do go over some use case scenarios including <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00421-011-2055-4">threshold determinatio</a>n and <a href="https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/17/4/article-p507.xml">training load quantification</a>. Discussion of thresholds may be done in the future, but in this post I would like to review the very intriguing linkage of blood lactate, respiratory rate and the usage of resp rate to better assess training load. For a general discussion of respiratory rate and exercise see this <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2017.00922/full">excellent review</a> by Nicolo and colleagues. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Use of respiratory rate to help quantify training load.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As I'm sure you are aware, <a href="https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/17/4/article-p507.xml">the science behind how to measure/assess/quantify</a> the degree of "load" induced by a given session of exercise is still a work in progress. Although it's perhaps a topic for another day, one way at approaching the problem is to see just how much of a "performance decline" occurs after a given session. For instance would one see much of a performance decline from a long session of low effort, or a short session of very high intensity? In addition, when we measure the initial session, what do we quantify? joules, avg power, HR, VO2 etc? <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Taken from the excellent review by <a href="https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/17/4/article-p507.xml#d41298724e810">Passfield et al</a>,</span> we see the effects of various exercise times and intensities on APD (acute performance decrease) plotted against the various common metrics used for assessment of load. On a simplistic basis, slide "A" is total work done (TWD) and we see that the more work that is performed, the higher the APD - but it depended on session time and intensity (not just total work) - and this was present for TRIMP and HR. By the way, the APD was defined as the time to failure of during a cycling interval at 80% of peak power - not something that's going to fit into a training schedule on a regular basis.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/ijspp/17/4/article-p507.xml#d41298724e810">:</a><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmf0sismZS5qpLYK3edpE9-2TRUXg6TsEIhbSOZ2eGODlh2Z4OS--sxiHGoEkVbR76hw02NcZ-mRQMxPO1hsHcNOgmSB_XcF_yS4QQs2_mSahy-3ZftYEYmEjYkCecyZIP_eJxuPm2_xOnYEzp2AktZr5eSzb5pOASvhYJG5oFynKTi8-EDrMJTUEr/s1024/full-ijspp.2021-0536figuref1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="952" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmf0sismZS5qpLYK3edpE9-2TRUXg6TsEIhbSOZ2eGODlh2Z4OS--sxiHGoEkVbR76hw02NcZ-mRQMxPO1hsHcNOgmSB_XcF_yS4QQs2_mSahy-3ZftYEYmEjYkCecyZIP_eJxuPm2_xOnYEzp2AktZr5eSzb5pOASvhYJG5oFynKTi8-EDrMJTUEr/w596-h640/full-ijspp.2021-0536figuref1.jpg" width="596" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">From the caption - <i>Data replotted from Fullerton et al showing correlation for session TWD (A), TRIMPs (B), session HR (C), VE (D), RPE (E), and fR (F) versus APD measured as time to task failure. Filled circles are for 30-minute sessions at different intensities; open circles are for sessions of 15, 30, and 45 minutes at maximum lactate steady state.</i></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">It is important to see that only resp rate and RPE had overlapping plots for both 30 minute constant power intervals and MLSS 15 to 45 minute intervals. I circled the resp rate relationship in red -<b> as expected very high resp rates were associated with large amounts of APD</b>.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">From the conclusion:<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>These findings are consistent with the suggestion that effort is a key determinant of APD and <b>supports the potential for respiratory monitoring as an objective marker of this</b>.</i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i> </i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Next - <b>The resp rate vs lactate connection and what happens post HIT intervals</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The fact that both resp rate and minute ventilation (Ve - resp rate x tidal volume) rise with effort/intensity is certainly a well known fact. As part of this basic science concept is that the tidal volume rises before the breathing rate takes off:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">From Plowman and Smith textbook:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1OTYC1vQQ3FKSgFx_kc-XuSO6oKhGCuQSF6m_AzWZ01WZGSqXsEv3znwAIjqTI3u2a5jqTv_iyjpYzlZBHgQ0k9WL8sGjZs_BBDFMV8kIRn-lSkJOnazKlLzQ6Byh1RVSZzTZpuByieyfUsxuoEgrwl2xc-auaV7FCkH0ELGUscTqXqx9WVdSIKKU/s1402/Plowman.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1402" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1OTYC1vQQ3FKSgFx_kc-XuSO6oKhGCuQSF6m_AzWZ01WZGSqXsEv3znwAIjqTI3u2a5jqTv_iyjpYzlZBHgQ0k9WL8sGjZs_BBDFMV8kIRn-lSkJOnazKlLzQ6Byh1RVSZzTZpuByieyfUsxuoEgrwl2xc-auaV7FCkH0ELGUscTqXqx9WVdSIKKU/w640-h386/Plowman.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">And more recently:<br /></span><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzaRw6I8miDxQ2ceSEpMWD8ei1pUAn3FYtXuhGz2itecza2L3L6lape_rm6gTNxEBsd6QQhtSUlGw3IqMuySqLdE1PDULbRM-9uuNXbd948JsHAiMpzMOuGPbbmmXZXhLmm5CKPZM_zGYL_Bx_NDdZ4jQnMmcxfNSP_GaR0hNwql5JJsIxbrcVn7rj/s867/resp%20rate%20and%20tv.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="867" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzaRw6I8miDxQ2ceSEpMWD8ei1pUAn3FYtXuhGz2itecza2L3L6lape_rm6gTNxEBsd6QQhtSUlGw3IqMuySqLdE1PDULbRM-9uuNXbd948JsHAiMpzMOuGPbbmmXZXhLmm5CKPZM_zGYL_Bx_NDdZ4jQnMmcxfNSP_GaR0hNwql5JJsIxbrcVn7rj/w640-h342/resp%20rate%20and%20tv.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Therefore, once out of the low intensity range, frequency becomes the main determinant of Ve and the shape of the rise is similar to that of lactate.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">From the general review by Nicolo:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><i>"fR plays an important role during exercise as a strong marker of physical effort, more so than other traditionally monitored physiological variables. <b>The non-linear increase of fR during incremental exercise parallels the well-known time course of blood lactate (La</b>), resembling the change in physical effort and task difficulty experienced at exercise intensities above the first ventilatory threshold."</i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I did explore the references given to support this, but to my eye they were a bit obscure. After some more searching, I did come up with a <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38698-1">very interesting piece of supporting evidence</a> for lactate linkage (which was not available when the Nicolo review was written) derived with a mathematical modeling approach. </span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0spUJ4aqDGbzOJEQzFCB4cLmdfBhrqQhMupzcaGL0CBXAN5jwGEZIwVEtKOg2qCgRZRf6AXug29PxtymPyV9335ZBZHqKl-taazvzGT5hYR4x9XrJm1E8-fp68HytK1uB5pPFmEYlP-FwaRVBZ0eBB6lX3Awde0r4_9OEb5ef8rgjVUm6ZFphp-P0/s1063/resp%20art%20post.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="1063" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0spUJ4aqDGbzOJEQzFCB4cLmdfBhrqQhMupzcaGL0CBXAN5jwGEZIwVEtKOg2qCgRZRf6AXug29PxtymPyV9335ZBZHqKl-taazvzGT5hYR4x9XrJm1E8-fp68HytK1uB5pPFmEYlP-FwaRVBZ0eBB6lX3Awde0r4_9OEb5ef8rgjVUm6ZFphp-P0/w640-h438/resp%20art%20post.png" width="640" /> </a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">According to the modeling calculations, during the low and moderate intensity sessions, <i><b>resp rate had the highest correlation to lactate</b></i> (of the tested variables that <i>could</i> change during the exercise). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Although resting HR was an important variable, it is obviously a fixed number per individual and would represent a constant variable for time related calculations.<br /></span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi5-orWKCDmfeYmylrI0nL_8wn1OKZ-bdSmgZvMoGQsE2zSEeCykp6chRGysm_-ZkNIJgDYGR1INGh2vijZLUiqbK7ZHUfy75w7eFJzexIotViACnDOzN-9s9yg18ns4_ybDpJWVQh6bV88fB7TwtD8gEJ8oAVnFDyqAb4dOhPW7hf08Z80Z4nkxM2/s819/model.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="523" data-original-width="819" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi5-orWKCDmfeYmylrI0nL_8wn1OKZ-bdSmgZvMoGQsE2zSEeCykp6chRGysm_-ZkNIJgDYGR1INGh2vijZLUiqbK7ZHUfy75w7eFJzexIotViACnDOzN-9s9yg18ns4_ybDpJWVQh6bV88fB7TwtD8gEJ8oAVnFDyqAb4dOhPW7hf08Z80Z4nkxM2/w640-h408/model.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Their conclusion: </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXS-ZO41qDLaTAzREyJo9PTGvVvdZoxh7FlJyfTCvqsihJjQI9tWHfl-pjQL8a7WL-Lr0Z6Ficqq3Xva5_jh8tb89d8h5prW9f5itRAsLcb48WdEzQwFUoNyYeZ1OetnO0KRqLL0lAmMXYaQfXsUfK8uMIACQGXD3cG3pV32qSpju7xI9lG3lrIU1K/s946/model2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="145" data-original-width="946" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXS-ZO41qDLaTAzREyJo9PTGvVvdZoxh7FlJyfTCvqsihJjQI9tWHfl-pjQL8a7WL-Lr0Z6Ficqq3Xva5_jh8tb89d8h5prW9f5itRAsLcb48WdEzQwFUoNyYeZ1OetnO0KRqLL0lAmMXYaQfXsUfK8uMIACQGXD3cG3pV32qSpju7xI9lG3lrIU1K/w640-h98/model2.png" width="640" /></a> <br /></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Bottom line - this research indicates that resp rate is very much correlated to blood lactate, but mostly in a low to moderate intensity range. </span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Now that we have a general idea about relative lactate levels during a given endurance session, how can we use to information for training purposes? </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's revisit the literature as to how best proportion training intensity. We have polarized, threshold or pyramidal models that dictate how much time we should spend in each intensity zone in training. Hence, making sure one is performing a polarized session properly, precise "intensity" measurement of the time spent per zone is needed. For example, if I do 3 minutes of all out HIT with the remainder of the 97 minutes of a 100 minute session well into zone 1, is this really a 97:1 polarized ratio? For some high end athletes, the cessation of a HIT interval may well signal the end of the training challenge, but in others it may not be so simple. A <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.702252/full">very interesting article</a> came out recently modeling lactate decay after a 3 min max interval:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix1lD3C5m-GINGQSlBjlhsu-dT6l-BHNwd3pqVGc6o8fNWkb5xLeqDOZzcx1q9eae6V7Kbu_zjn619TtgrFPAmUDqfyyvMCCyfaVCU-KYJzSTETwL6NMkn8R6bqUTl25gL_WvgB-s0Em10OPw9qmVXW5avILfVGh5Sx640O0VCTBgI4eJD-gWhR-Jl/s861/lactate%20decay.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="861" data-original-width="394" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix1lD3C5m-GINGQSlBjlhsu-dT6l-BHNwd3pqVGc6o8fNWkb5xLeqDOZzcx1q9eae6V7Kbu_zjn619TtgrFPAmUDqfyyvMCCyfaVCU-KYJzSTETwL6NMkn8R6bqUTl25gL_WvgB-s0Em10OPw9qmVXW5avILfVGh5Sx640O0VCTBgI4eJD-gWhR-Jl/w292-h640/lactate%20decay.png" width="292" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Essentially, we see that lactate can hang around for quite some time after an interval depending on how high it rose and the post HIT exercise intensity. Since it appears that resp rate is related to lactate (especially in the moderate intensity range), it would be interesting to follow that metric <i>after</i> the HIT, even when you think your are back in zone 1 recovering. The concern here is that if I did do that 3 minutes of HIT, the zone 1 <i>power</i> afterward really should not be counted as zone 1, considering the lactate decay curve. Since lactate and resp rate appear to be correlated, perhaps monitoring resp rate can help us to follow lactate decay and "internal" metabolic load.<br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">About 2 years ago I shared a session of <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html">very polarized training</a> with measurements of power, HR, lactate and DFA a1. Although I presented the decline of a1 after the HIT as a marker of fatigue and/or lactate elevation, reprocessing of the raw ECG data shows some very interesting resp rate data.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This session consisted of 2 hour indoor cycling with an easy 30 min warmup (155w), about 30 minutes near the AeT power (200w), 2 intervals, a 3 min max (360w), a 1 min max (500w) but the remainder at a constant easy zone 1 intensity (155w):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYZUehe7OqeumB8PAaan0Ki7qj0AiCuRrOGZvXuOOrPI_i9xTD-S2kMV9f1MSNfoyxnOADBBdMpsib3Q4IsbmW09DHFdoe0cTsJPlAFGzkCxgEZF2WWFsHokes_DLCZQvORRUn5Py9p4gkwW_Wkq132XyYW1-UU9_bo4cBE98UleNb4FRoNNaXKDZl/s1582/monday%20lactate%20dfa%201.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1043" data-original-width="1582" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYZUehe7OqeumB8PAaan0Ki7qj0AiCuRrOGZvXuOOrPI_i9xTD-S2kMV9f1MSNfoyxnOADBBdMpsib3Q4IsbmW09DHFdoe0cTsJPlAFGzkCxgEZF2WWFsHokes_DLCZQvORRUn5Py9p4gkwW_Wkq132XyYW1-UU9_bo4cBE98UleNb4FRoNNaXKDZl/w640-h422/monday%20lactate%20dfa%201.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">How did this look regarding resp rate?</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Red - HR</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Black Resp rate </span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGrtN9fbakJPAlR-Nm9JMAKjRLt-CYQ1rPT7x5QQFYXHECQ7dDa94tkxlYf_8wKXp7fQQpTQ5Q2QJSkOifyp_tsrbSmABuhZensqFbfU6LOVOU79s2wP4ftZbpw-CEJzdBCejVcumJjLg3i3Vhk8PMOTqZuG3Wwvt2TB283GutVro4EBqWWshe34PN/s4185/hit%20resp%20rate.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2317" data-original-width="4185" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGrtN9fbakJPAlR-Nm9JMAKjRLt-CYQ1rPT7x5QQFYXHECQ7dDa94tkxlYf_8wKXp7fQQpTQ5Q2QJSkOifyp_tsrbSmABuhZensqFbfU6LOVOU79s2wP4ftZbpw-CEJzdBCejVcumJjLg3i3Vhk8PMOTqZuG3Wwvt2TB283GutVro4EBqWWshe34PN/w640-h354/hit%20resp%20rate.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> The lactate (La) vs resp rate for the measured La values (10 min resp rate average)</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXZut1LvQ2SrL0LjQixWTbq41jReVyOfNq9XTpV0VSOIBxI6IpwwUCEmdN91Bo8orMmv6SKw1Q2cPMu9MNvr8dd7PXSGocNsdXZqYO8zEBbkr7TNDJ0b9JRsg5uQTNCZ2mtagMZWJXFvUBF3ybwvSlkQF7gz9OYgE5AAoDFO9J-N3KeUPyKjx2TBxd/s972/La%20vs%20Resp%20rate.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="972" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXZut1LvQ2SrL0LjQixWTbq41jReVyOfNq9XTpV0VSOIBxI6IpwwUCEmdN91Bo8orMmv6SKw1Q2cPMu9MNvr8dd7PXSGocNsdXZqYO8zEBbkr7TNDJ0b9JRsg5uQTNCZ2mtagMZWJXFvUBF3ybwvSlkQF7gz9OYgE5AAoDFO9J-N3KeUPyKjx2TBxd/w640-h294/La%20vs%20Resp%20rate.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">HR at 155 watts during the warm up (124 bpm) was not much different than the HR at 155 watts at the end of the session post HIT (130 bpm) (blue arrow) especially considering the effects of HR drift. This points to the issue of using HR as the sole determinant of "load".<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The resp rate did not change much between 155 and 200 watts (black line) but neither did La. This is in accordance with the relationship of resp rate and lactate.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There was a substantial, post HIT rise in resp rate even at warm up power intensity. This is in line with my thoughts of underestimating the training intensity distribution based on power alone.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There was a discordance between resp rate at end of session and the original warmup values. This is illustrative of resp rate correlating with La as both were high well after HIT at a relatively low cycling power. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The regression plot of La vs resp rate agrees with these observations - as La changed over the course of the exercise session (up or down), there was a good correlation with resp rate.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Yes, DFA a1 also dropped end of session - either as a consequence of high internal load or as a fatigue effect. The higher resp rate (with La) points to the internal load as part of the reason. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Looking at both DFA a1 and resp rate may help differentiate A) autonomic suppression from internal load (lactate) vs B) fatigue.</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>My point here is that even though external load markers (power) were well into the zone 1 range, internal <i>metabolic</i> load markers (lactate, resp rate and even DFA a1) were running above this zone and should be "counted" as such in a training distribution model.</b><br /></span><div><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Another days stats:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is another pre/post 3 minute HIT, HR and resp rate comparison. There was a mini warmup ramp to confirm decent recovery/readiness, a 3 min max interval, followed by easy zone 1 (165w), resting, slow walk then resuming cycling at easy zone 1. The aim was to show that resp rate stayed high post HIT then recovered post rest, but HR would be less helpful for zone distribution in each case.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The DFA a1 HRVT was at 137 bpm and about 200w - readiness was good... (thanks to Runalyze for the graphs): </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimozeSmiL-dHYrLZfNwI-f5CaxyjNSokyjgkLpUayOHPXsqRNVr6XnceP1l6ESSKnKo0jFdkI_R4ffO-i__h3lgKPrVS8ukRle9CNG43i2KiSjqPkebIWbz-Pq1lod2PglENLaa2ddl8DInZtzZWV5CLYYUYPK4VjSGN7Yr3LZlv4QWtp4MOqRbpVq/s895/926%20runal%20pwr.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="399" data-original-width="895" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimozeSmiL-dHYrLZfNwI-f5CaxyjNSokyjgkLpUayOHPXsqRNVr6XnceP1l6ESSKnKo0jFdkI_R4ffO-i__h3lgKPrVS8ukRle9CNG43i2KiSjqPkebIWbz-Pq1lod2PglENLaa2ddl8DInZtzZWV5CLYYUYPK4VjSGN7Yr3LZlv4QWtp4MOqRbpVq/w640-h286/926%20runal%20pwr.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ1YfGr7IzJxpINXP3qIrSCl7r8-maUWJ6whgfEi1P6mpADmSZitI-O4XRvlsGKiRSP86XuYDdQ-tA1f0sAMJoschixYDlkiwCgQunXaeAoW0PEJs9wOC_483tZLJde5hTuX0GxFdLd8JG-bFw6iy-hwip2LVDohx8PrcKPGs55y-2wrp4fUM0n5iz/s860/926%20runal%20hr.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="401" data-original-width="860" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJ1YfGr7IzJxpINXP3qIrSCl7r8-maUWJ6whgfEi1P6mpADmSZitI-O4XRvlsGKiRSP86XuYDdQ-tA1f0sAMJoschixYDlkiwCgQunXaeAoW0PEJs9wOC_483tZLJde5hTuX0GxFdLd8JG-bFw6iy-hwip2LVDohx8PrcKPGs55y-2wrp4fUM0n5iz/w640-h298/926%20runal%20hr.png" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The HR and resp rate:</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Blue - HR Green - resp rate </span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfcG_ZMYYZ3gaRudRKWixvHUQiVkKLgJ_Go2mWN2TLpbA1lIQEJvkumkHfKh0bHZ14TU7AfjG6rofcz19koT_HkXc_DDv3rvjxYYOWpHMQQprJzQ278VR-zTQG57Hsj0fpn0Yt5sf9hu3P_60MTiLrrM9xGaORQEq7QplI10EQ2YpFhsROHqfKEAdz/s5275/pre%20post%20hit.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2688" data-original-width="5275" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfcG_ZMYYZ3gaRudRKWixvHUQiVkKLgJ_Go2mWN2TLpbA1lIQEJvkumkHfKh0bHZ14TU7AfjG6rofcz19koT_HkXc_DDv3rvjxYYOWpHMQQprJzQ278VR-zTQG57Hsj0fpn0Yt5sf9hu3P_60MTiLrrM9xGaORQEq7QplI10EQ2YpFhsROHqfKEAdz/w640-h326/pre%20post%20hit.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">HR is about the same post HIT and post rest/walk at the same cycling power and in the zone 1 range (per DFA a1 testing and prior gas exch/lactate). HR was back in the zone 1 range quickly after HIT - Blue arrows.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Resp rate stays high after HIT </b>(no lactate was done unfortunately) but returns to warmup levels after the rest. <b>Green line and circled areas</b>.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Another example of a post HIT interval being counted as zone 2 for training distribution purposes based on resp rate (but not HR)<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Some further thoughts:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">According to both La and resp rate, I spent much more of my time in zone 2 than anticipated. In fact, many times I will do a 3 minute max interval on the road and follow it with another 10 minutes of zone 2, which in retrospect is probably zone 3 - if I would have measured lactate which I can't do in the field (I've tried). Of course, YMMV - my La clearance is probably sub par compared to the talented athletes out there. But, since we are all of different abilities, it makes sense to not fool oneself by training with excessive loads. Conversely, those out there with prompt La normalization (and resp rate) can compensate accordingly. Which brings up the second point.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">My Garmin watch is always notifying me about a "<i>high aerobic shortage</i>". I'm assuming this means that I don't spend enough time in zone 2. After looking at this data, they probably are not estimating the zones properly. On the other hand, if Garmin had an accurate resp rate computation and considered the implications of persistent elevation post HIT, they do have the potential to better assess this situation.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The shapes of the lactate and respiratory rate rise during an exercise ramp are similar.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Respiratory rate is well correlated to lactate levels during low/moderate intensity in modeling studies.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Lactate can remain quite high post HIT.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The time course of respiratory rate elevation post HIT may be a way to track lactate decay. Individualized degrees of La and resp rate elevation/decline may disagree with simple power based intensity distribution calculations.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Prior session Resp rate (and RPE) are related to the concept of APD (performance decrease) and should be useful in quantifying training load.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Conjecture - Consideration of multiple metrics including resp rate (+ power, HR and DFA a1) are all potentially useful for <i>individualized</i> training intensity distribution purposes.</b><br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/09/respiratory-rate-metrics-ecg-vs-hrv.html">Respiratory Rate metrics, ECG vs HRV, Kubios vs Garmin</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/first-and-second-lactate-thresholds-why.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">First and second Lactate thresholds, why the confusion, how to measure? </span></span></span></span></a></span></font></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></font></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p></div></div>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-40663507823665882732022-09-21T06:10:00.003-07:002022-09-21T06:10:28.673-07:00Respiratory Rate metrics, ECG vs HRV, Kubios vs Garmin<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Have you ever wondered how accurate those respiratory/breathing rate metrics are (from smart watches, HRV or even ECG)? Earlier in the year, Kubios HRV added respiratory rate estimation to their already excellent software package. This post explores it's accuracy, our recent publication and some personal thoughts on Garmin resp rate quality.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm">recently published</a> an interesting look at just how well the new <b>Kubios respiratory rate</b> estimation method tracks to the gold standard of gas exchange. In our study, two different heart rate based methods were compared in a series of volunteers to breath by breath rates via gas exchange during an exercise ramp - the two estimation methods being:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A) respiratory sinus arrhythmia via RR interval changes or </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">B) ECG morphology analysis</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The Polar H10 was used for RR recordings and the Movesense ECG for a single channel ECG tracing. <b>Please read the introduction here for background on how heart rate variability and/or ECG waveform alterations are used to estimate the respiratory rate. </b> The <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7156/htm">intro and discussion </a>also provide real world examples of what can be done with resp rate in exercise training and intensity management. Although the article is pretty self explanatory, I wanted to share some further thoughts and personal observations. As an aside, <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html">I looked at Garmin respiratory rate results</a> several years ago, and they were not good. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The main purpose of this post is to look at some personal data comparing the calculated respiratory rate from the following devices/software:</span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2018/08/hexoskin-review-on-road.html">Hexoskin vest</a> as the "gold standard" with their proprietary software <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Polar H10 RR data output (1000 Hz) processed with Kubios HRV</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Polar H10 RR data output to a Garmin Epix 2, processed by Garmin connect <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/polar-h10-ecg-tracing-short-how-to-guide.html">Polar H10 ECG</a> (130 Hz) processed with Kubios HRV <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Movesense Medical ECG (200 Hz) processed with Kubios HRV</span></li></ol><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We also have: </span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">2 RR comparisons to make (Kubios vs Garmin/Firstbeat) </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">2 ECG comparisons (Movesense vs H10) </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">3 method comparisons (Kubios ECG vs Kubios RR vs Garmin RR)</span></li></ol><p><span style="font-family: arial;">No official stats will be done but I think by the end of this post you should have a feel for what works best and worst.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios Premium was used with a 30 second window and recalculation every 1 second (same as in our article). Artifacts were below 1%.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The Hexoskin vest has sensors to detect chest and abdominal wall expansion, which of course change with the respiratory cycle. A smartphone app shows sensor output which is very useful before doing the ramp to make sure all is functioning well (chest and abdominal sensors respectively below):<br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAWT7EcC1VBizGXT9FAhcKAeQhPxXnpeA20i9ABUQoubsrb8r8_0Nj4JgWxd6E1Zb3VXsSCSYHgBl3VTYDYlIL8CGegaaYBxu2yv1y8quxjKIe8CaCYkI8NohgZREKVppkBvtQTcpA54pN54XdQuvX5B3KRqUUjjlX1QpZjS8up54EwIV6f8FVU9TL/s640/SmartSelect_20220909_085738_Hexoskin.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="435" data-original-width="640" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAWT7EcC1VBizGXT9FAhcKAeQhPxXnpeA20i9ABUQoubsrb8r8_0Nj4JgWxd6E1Zb3VXsSCSYHgBl3VTYDYlIL8CGegaaYBxu2yv1y8quxjKIe8CaCYkI8NohgZREKVppkBvtQTcpA54pN54XdQuvX5B3KRqUUjjlX1QpZjS8up54EwIV6f8FVU9TL/w640-h436/SmartSelect_20220909_085738_Hexoskin.gif" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />On the ECG side of things, here is a short video from the Polar logger app for android. Pay careful note of the voltage fluctuation over time (R wave strength) which is used for resp rate calculation in Kubios:</span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEHLlmVbuwZHTmDLDjTCR17Rjr6lCu_y4_YvVvbZJ2M7s9U7bWKxe8Ce2QLFtkoirC6UqosAHrI1VmIizEtQPCQ-ssc93iS92Gs7PHx_hy3S2I4y9wQ7SHL1UjUiAoQr3euEgHNwFvgIfmA-VGni-LLqXyo5x4idZlb4E9P371Ik-P4NjzBwxmcKc/s640/SmartSelect_20220905_084645_Polar%20Sensor%20Logger.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="640" height="612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSEHLlmVbuwZHTmDLDjTCR17Rjr6lCu_y4_YvVvbZJ2M7s9U7bWKxe8Ce2QLFtkoirC6UqosAHrI1VmIizEtQPCQ-ssc93iS92Gs7PHx_hy3S2I4y9wQ7SHL1UjUiAoQr3euEgHNwFvgIfmA-VGni-LLqXyo5x4idZlb4E9P371Ik-P4NjzBwxmcKc/w640-h612/SmartSelect_20220905_084645_Polar%20Sensor%20Logger.gif" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Testing - The initial testing consisted of a brief warmup then a cycling ramp to failure (Zwift, Elite trainer, Assioma duo pedals and the above gear), followed by almost 90 minutes of zone 1 riding. The heart rate response was quite linear showing a nice VO2 progression (graph via AIEndurance):<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPF0TGQEERhn5_ObBfUlr077Ue46gyLq4ULcEtxrqmjplshYOqCu1NSs_bEl6b6je77r8S6C169zW2biSHC1JcEudIHD0XexCKxk8juj_4ac82cAFCJU5JoM7C5aGP83F6Gx87-9blHTzmaru7sVVWwAcY1NPhHyL0AozBjQ-NQClEtU-okh3CvQFL/s1714/ramp%2099.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="840" data-original-width="1714" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPF0TGQEERhn5_ObBfUlr077Ue46gyLq4ULcEtxrqmjplshYOqCu1NSs_bEl6b6je77r8S6C169zW2biSHC1JcEudIHD0XexCKxk8juj_4ac82cAFCJU5JoM7C5aGP83F6Gx87-9blHTzmaru7sVVWwAcY1NPhHyL0AozBjQ-NQClEtU-okh3CvQFL/w640-h314/ramp%2099.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">To make sure I lined up the data correctly, lets look at the HRs for each device:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixfYAU2h025zV5wxo-S2pBgFw-MMFIVhfhwOc1MqC559jAiFQ2957SQO8WyNnhG2zVz6vLjmfDxa2E_DgQArj72B6DzoNdyX-6e5fv_Aj7xKVwkcUnDy3K4CqzxO6avg5cr5rfmKJUwUxCF6m3_8I27jJ9GdwFDUKmJh1trNh2AXoM7CP77O7e3Cnx/s3791/HR%20sync.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1949" data-original-width="3791" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixfYAU2h025zV5wxo-S2pBgFw-MMFIVhfhwOc1MqC559jAiFQ2957SQO8WyNnhG2zVz6vLjmfDxa2E_DgQArj72B6DzoNdyX-6e5fv_Aj7xKVwkcUnDy3K4CqzxO6avg5cr5rfmKJUwUxCF6m3_8I27jJ9GdwFDUKmJh1trNh2AXoM7CP77O7e3Cnx/w640-h330/HR%20sync.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Looks great!</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Respiratory rate comparisons:</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Warmup and Ramp only </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia1-j__9xZftGMxY1r8M1wEe_xZ_nn75xQTgYXM1sSXS6bjWCqz2ozWf1hYHitnwAjnf1ny3PRX9kfSDWNsiG8bfY19LeuJ-JqYyx0pui3sq0iqW_vc_7vgXzbsuLULoQJaMqYvWvMyk-4Y-AjF3YtIWYLY4PGV7fUPOTVypDVRX0TEvWGuG-88Fvk/s4547/ramp%20br.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2781" data-original-width="4547" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia1-j__9xZftGMxY1r8M1wEe_xZ_nn75xQTgYXM1sSXS6bjWCqz2ozWf1hYHitnwAjnf1ny3PRX9kfSDWNsiG8bfY19LeuJ-JqYyx0pui3sq0iqW_vc_7vgXzbsuLULoQJaMqYvWvMyk-4Y-AjF3YtIWYLY4PGV7fUPOTVypDVRX0TEvWGuG-88Fvk/w640-h392/ramp%20br.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> Zoomed ramp only:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgk8GqLfELOew6oNhXwchRZhHGixi5SghAQMx9SiqzTZkKJiiXgaw44I0Qk5Py87SC4nEmVKN801xcLpTjtr_VmkgKzhjHAOPG-fs5G_nE8jt2n0X1SkC1R-u4p5DvtpuqVjds3fAMSCJBFFNF0hPu8fm7IE8Z3OKXVbNIfdSMluupsqV90nV_e6Xy/s4547/ramp%20only%20zoom.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2780" data-original-width="4547" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgk8GqLfELOew6oNhXwchRZhHGixi5SghAQMx9SiqzTZkKJiiXgaw44I0Qk5Py87SC4nEmVKN801xcLpTjtr_VmkgKzhjHAOPG-fs5G_nE8jt2n0X1SkC1R-u4p5DvtpuqVjds3fAMSCJBFFNF0hPu8fm7IE8Z3OKXVbNIfdSMluupsqV90nV_e6Xy/w640-h392/ramp%20only%20zoom.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Relatively good tracking to the Hexoskin (black) during the ramp itself using all methods - except the Garmin (green)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Some issues with the H10 ECG (yellow), H10 RR (blue) (both interpreted via Kubios) just <i>before</i> the ramp.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">All HRV/ECG devices had trouble with peak rates (also seen in our study) but perhaps the Polar H10 ECG was slightly better here.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense Medical ECG appears to track well, without any bumps up or down.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Post ramp 90 minutes</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF9U26bbkLjKhTTSW0WUvfy-8mxWAJHWp8UvZkqSAIGy0DsQViuVGgUkYe0i1xOoztls93wjajDZCmlw5qkSQ986xKgYbu86xZV1CdSzLOMV_hQWJMcrrhtOea_RJiPj9ssuxgFn5ahYc9s8w4VT1G5gtrvz8K0SXAui3Zu_lun4pcN-LIN4hBvR6M/s4546/post%20ramp.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2780" data-original-width="4546" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF9U26bbkLjKhTTSW0WUvfy-8mxWAJHWp8UvZkqSAIGy0DsQViuVGgUkYe0i1xOoztls93wjajDZCmlw5qkSQ986xKgYbu86xZV1CdSzLOMV_hQWJMcrrhtOea_RJiPj9ssuxgFn5ahYc9s8w4VT1G5gtrvz8K0SXAui3Zu_lun4pcN-LIN4hBvR6M/w640-h392/post%20ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Still decent tracking with all non Garmin methods.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Some intermittent issues with H10 ECG (yellow).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin consistently under reads (green).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense (red) still appears to match best to the Hexoskin (black) <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Why did the H10 ECG have some occasional issues? I looked at the ECG in detail using Kubios and there was nothing of note in the segments associated with the drops:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjywxKWJJPVV2wkQxxSm9iAlNyalgS7P9GChyZFWTylXqN2u0Bjn_9bldk97RMhSItkejKOqdnrl--2KIqV9p8XHcTNGotaWFB8ufV8J-8Rdm7Fcxj6GmPCtsW-Y96AjRtYDdBfPiPy6KYrFdYK8SwmyxzejUqoBjOQNZG6j2TO_IVSLKgbn8fk3rNp/s1716/h10%20ecg%20low%20RR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1059" data-original-width="1716" height="394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjywxKWJJPVV2wkQxxSm9iAlNyalgS7P9GChyZFWTylXqN2u0Bjn_9bldk97RMhSItkejKOqdnrl--2KIqV9p8XHcTNGotaWFB8ufV8J-8Rdm7Fcxj6GmPCtsW-Y96AjRtYDdBfPiPy6KYrFdYK8SwmyxzejUqoBjOQNZG6j2TO_IVSLKgbn8fk3rNp/w640-h394/h10%20ecg%20low%20RR.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What I will comment on however is that the signal strength of the Movesense was about double that of the H10. Since the Kubios software uses<i> R wave strength</i> as one of it's "clues" for resp rate, the lower H10 voltage could be a problem.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Summary for the ramp day:</b></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin respiratory rate did track somewhat during the ramp but was not very accurate otherwise.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense ECG results did mirror our findings in Sensors - it provided the most accurate estimation overall. The H10 ECG did get the best maximum resp rate peak.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The H10 RR and H10 ECG when processed with Kubios did yield decent resp rate tracking, with some small areas of deviation.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Another day, same equipment. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>2 hours of cycling in zone 1 with a brief 45 second HIT interval in the middle.</b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6u6R1TXODsLYaZonsOwYiAKGidNKWriwho2gMFRXFBJtWCNgRkQCC4BYwFc8pgBAsEFPy0EOuvxHTJvvtk6I2_ZW1ol1uop4F-XXJO9dpZHSGb5PKC8w4KTZgAeKkqOf1EiRF43Raf7fk23BYQBQTuOuACnb7lfAyQt6jU4TcUwqjiAcv_oeTeSB/s1729/919%20a1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="844" data-original-width="1729" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN6u6R1TXODsLYaZonsOwYiAKGidNKWriwho2gMFRXFBJtWCNgRkQCC4BYwFc8pgBAsEFPy0EOuvxHTJvvtk6I2_ZW1ol1uop4F-XXJO9dpZHSGb5PKC8w4KTZgAeKkqOf1EiRF43Raf7fk23BYQBQTuOuACnb7lfAyQt6jU4TcUwqjiAcv_oeTeSB/w640-h312/919%20a1.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As an aside, my DFA a1 was pretty suppressed from too many intense sessions over the past weeks. We see inappropriate suppression throughout the 2 hours. I actually wanted to do more than 45 seconds at max power but just could physically just not do it.<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmpEakmsd2k-htVIYvHeBHvISJzrD1pVsT6jZSjwrayoVqnuv6CRA68zFUELwGxvb8O5eD5ymEwRWQaNoHEsr5zs0aBAOEypts3K7E_zQzGP_tGyXLzoY0mXAJglYTed5wwR_QJ2XfL242ZGUG92XyhInp8R1Pq44RUsMQOGYWxnl5IaUiVdiNNLYu/s1059/a1%20suppre.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="1059" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmpEakmsd2k-htVIYvHeBHvISJzrD1pVsT6jZSjwrayoVqnuv6CRA68zFUELwGxvb8O5eD5ymEwRWQaNoHEsr5zs0aBAOEypts3K7E_zQzGP_tGyXLzoY0mXAJglYTed5wwR_QJ2XfL242ZGUG92XyhInp8R1Pq44RUsMQOGYWxnl5IaUiVdiNNLYu/w640-h120/a1%20suppre.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Respiratory rate comparisons</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiol4vgM-jkZRW8FX2N3WqTf3wOFHXvxFmc80v2rJybwW70_cwEGymf51A3q98gmG6Ks3RUQf0jK9KgHFdiRngg6mvMNTYJ8OUdiR8spi2lPqdDCH4zfr-S_IdxNZnyR4iBT7eAeW9zGwI2nNpqtzfiplDiolXH7TtpDsUnUaM_IA1ojePrzNXLkO5C/s4980/919%20whole.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2728" data-original-width="4980" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiol4vgM-jkZRW8FX2N3WqTf3wOFHXvxFmc80v2rJybwW70_cwEGymf51A3q98gmG6Ks3RUQf0jK9KgHFdiRngg6mvMNTYJ8OUdiR8spi2lPqdDCH4zfr-S_IdxNZnyR4iBT7eAeW9zGwI2nNpqtzfiplDiolXH7TtpDsUnUaM_IA1ojePrzNXLkO5C/w640-h350/919%20whole.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We still see areas where the H10 ECG struggles (yellow) and the H10 RRs show a false resp rate drop (blue).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense (red) appears reasonably close to the Hexoskin (black) throughout. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Garmin (green) is under reading for the majority of the time and is not very accurate.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Zoomed sections:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The 45 sec HIT <br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqjGg-QKu-aYXfIHSe6kqnt9lgTHhY-kHXAamJ5IC3afLbPmCMquVSW1sGdyWGnAIZijuKIIDOBBAo3huIdUn1OpoT-Uy-j_YJs_06k46PPfx44P2Iap0GN8dqGEibk2hcBg70EuQfM7m8Yn55o6KrCKJrT300TFYc9WXdNnwQPHTNQm0pPqQruieR/s4979/919%20hit.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2728" data-original-width="4979" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqjGg-QKu-aYXfIHSe6kqnt9lgTHhY-kHXAamJ5IC3afLbPmCMquVSW1sGdyWGnAIZijuKIIDOBBAo3huIdUn1OpoT-Uy-j_YJs_06k46PPfx44P2Iap0GN8dqGEibk2hcBg70EuQfM7m8Yn55o6KrCKJrT300TFYc9WXdNnwQPHTNQm0pPqQruieR/w640-h350/919%20hit.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both the ECGs (red is Movesense and yellow is H10) appear to track the HIT better than the RR (blue).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin is still pitiful.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The H10 ECG did under-read after the HIT (yellow) - reason unclear, again.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense ECG is the clear winner here. <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The warmup:<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy5-Iw8QH9yBJ3S4-6eBnWkbTnZo9gnwRJU0t7ZDlOegizDBT4EWU6Tj-aBnVnMMbcd2Ar_jB_GpEASXa2Gg46rL7qesJf7bpRrqmRaFIksaKgGlaiIcgd1-sQtjAj2SPKKgxFp56BBO8FTOo2Wz5ZyJ2cJPhGSmtt4XCYsj2lttmv77wmvmkumEGR/s4979/919%20warmup.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2728" data-original-width="4979" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy5-Iw8QH9yBJ3S4-6eBnWkbTnZo9gnwRJU0t7ZDlOegizDBT4EWU6Tj-aBnVnMMbcd2Ar_jB_GpEASXa2Gg46rL7qesJf7bpRrqmRaFIksaKgGlaiIcgd1-sQtjAj2SPKKgxFp56BBO8FTOo2Wz5ZyJ2cJPhGSmtt4XCYsj2lttmv77wmvmkumEGR/w640-h350/919%20warmup.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Similar to the previous observations, occasional glitching in the H10 ECG, H10 RR but generally solid Movesense ECG.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin is not reliable!</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The figure from our study (below) shows that under optimal circumstances HRV and ECG can provide near gas exchange accuracy (D). However, some individuals will have unexplained deviations up or down using the RR/HRV approach (A, B, C). <b>We did not see those dips with the Movesense in any individual</b>:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKeMAswjSzwqnfpOW3iJOiUd33x5nr6ew6xtkkKpdDfkPaePyF8BgDm01uqjDrXL3R6yQgRyusCne9GnejaR2h1W_mHSnwhlM3DXLlrgVHBp18DtcX1IDYmRSKuQLwglTS_TOCa2_rg7LdxjBUFMHhXKKvSKw6ZbqRgmbJ_-lQDqjlLzwhPHl_ckjk/s2605/Figure%203.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1921" data-original-width="2605" height="472" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKeMAswjSzwqnfpOW3iJOiUd33x5nr6ew6xtkkKpdDfkPaePyF8BgDm01uqjDrXL3R6yQgRyusCne9GnejaR2h1W_mHSnwhlM3DXLlrgVHBp18DtcX1IDYmRSKuQLwglTS_TOCa2_rg7LdxjBUFMHhXKKvSKw6ZbqRgmbJ_-lQDqjlLzwhPHl_ckjk/w640-h472/Figure%203.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Final thoughts</b> (please read the discussion in the Sensors article here for more info):</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The combination of the Movesense ECG, processed with Kubios premium software provides a reasonable reproduction of respiratory rate during an exercise ramp and variable intensity sessions.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">However, both the Polar H10 ECG and RR data when processed through Kubios can usually match the Movesense (but not all the time).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Garmin needs to work on their methodology😁. Although it did partially track on my ramp, I have done other ramps where it was way off. The accuracy during warmups, HIT and zone 1-2 cycling was not good. Bottom line - trusting the Garmin data is problematic, even with a good HR belt like the H10. This was both surprising and disappointing to me. We know what is theoretically possible in resp rate estimation from the Kubios data, let's hope Garmin can reproduce this someday. I will be keeping an eye on Garmin methodology and will update this post if/when they ever fix things.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We have seen what some developers have been able to do with reverse engineering Kubios DFA a1 for accurate real time tracking on a variety of platforms. Can this be done for the H10/Movesense? It would be a nice achievement. <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Many thanks to my study co authors Thomas and Marsi for making the Sensors study possible. It is no easy feat to perfectly synchronize gas exchange and two heart rate monitors to near 1 second accuracy.<br /></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br /></span></p></div>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-57522933186993244372022-08-08T14:25:00.001-07:002022-08-08T15:52:42.069-07:00Fitness Dashboard Review - a1 and more for the PC<p><span style="font-family: arial;">It's been a while since I've evaluated a new app for DFA a1 determination. We have some great choices already, so why do we need another? Looking at the app matrix, there is a gap for any option that will track a1 on the PC in </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;">real time</span>. Some users have high end PC towers with large screen Zwift implementations and could benefit from a secondary display showing a1, HR, power. Or others just have a spare laptop around to track metrics. This post will review a new app "<a href="https://www.fitnesshrv.com/">Fitness Dashboard</a>" that although still in the alpha stage, has some impressive features that may appeal to a wide audience. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The idea behind Fitness Dashboard is to track almost any Ant+ metric as well as eventually bluetooth Polar H10 ECG on a real time continuous basis. For now, I will confine my comments to how well the app handles DFA a1 and how well it agrees to Kubios HRV software. By way of background, a successful implementation of DFA a1 HRV calculation should adhere to the Kubios methodology since <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.879071/full?utm_source=F-NTF&utm_medium=EMLX&utm_campaign=PRD_FEOPS_20170000_ARTICLE">all of the published validation studies</a> for threshold determination were done using these procedures. The apps that have reverse engineered Kubios a1 calculations include Runalyze, AIendurance and Fatmaxxer. The alphaHRV for Garmin does not, but it seems to track well regardless. The second issue to discuss is how well does the app correct for artifacts. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/821">As has been shown</a>, the Kubios automatic method is superior to the "threshold" method, but is only available in Kubios premium (until now). The above mentioned apps all use the threshold method which is fine under <i>most</i> circumstances. However, Fitness Dashboard has been designed to use the automatic method, previously only available in Kubios premium!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">To sum up, Fitness Dashboard is a PC based app to track DFA a1, Ant+ device output (power, muscle O2, Core temp, speed, cadence) and eventually ECG (Polar H10) and utilizes Kubios HRV software methods for detrending/preprocessing and uses the more robust artifact correction method (automatic).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Richard Wharton has done a <a href="https://youtu.be/MUtjHQOET_k">video review</a> about Dashboard features with some nice graphics. </span><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Sample of the display: <br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE5c4-c9WeqVZ2OSPioGUfwT7FbWt2tEPTQT3fzUYhOCnsIhy9GHOREaHnPAiPoT-za_J8nrWpjNGou7kqWNLZQyu13R-RdatDsQDxamg6ZgXNaS1ZX6xzXz0OoztYxwddCS-g7GLw-oey12amEpy7s3L3NImwBxSu30dtYYq3G9CVrGxqiNKy0Mq3/s1920/fitness%20test.PNG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1020" data-original-width="1920" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE5c4-c9WeqVZ2OSPioGUfwT7FbWt2tEPTQT3fzUYhOCnsIhy9GHOREaHnPAiPoT-za_J8nrWpjNGou7kqWNLZQyu13R-RdatDsQDxamg6ZgXNaS1ZX6xzXz0OoztYxwddCS-g7GLw-oey12amEpy7s3L3NImwBxSu30dtYYq3G9CVrGxqiNKy0Mq3/w640-h340/fitness%20test.PNG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />In the above screenshot, the red arrow is pointing to a1, the green to power (the start of an interval). The a1 tracks down to the .25 range toward the end of a 6 minute interval at MLSS+10w, then recovers at a lower power.<br /></span><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">How does it track?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Test set up - Polar H10 with bluetooth going to Fatmaxxer and Garmin watch, Ant+ to the Fitness Dashboard app. Elite trainer with Assioma Duo pedals for power. Upload the Garmin data to AIEndurance and extract the pertinent data from Fatmaxxer feature file. Fitness Dashboard also has a features file. Kubios artifact correction method set to "automatic"<br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Two hour mixed session:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4xrFl0e2Hffj0qJpdzh6g6adEEc_nHeoH0kanb1wxYW2Q2kF8dP7d00BQkiOOXbpsXMVS24ungY3iVVeb-Tb6RB1mg7hZEwOCsolpL9ywt7SRt9kw1CmIThsEifmVXuermOEi9PPqfWEHLw2jwT1X8QAIQ837ydZTUFCBQCKl_mrac96NV4rfj6lf/s3255/whole%20ride.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2501" data-original-width="3255" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4xrFl0e2Hffj0qJpdzh6g6adEEc_nHeoH0kanb1wxYW2Q2kF8dP7d00BQkiOOXbpsXMVS24ungY3iVVeb-Tb6RB1mg7hZEwOCsolpL9ywt7SRt9kw1CmIThsEifmVXuermOEi9PPqfWEHLw2jwT1X8QAIQ837ydZTUFCBQCKl_mrac96NV4rfj6lf/w640-h492/whole%20ride.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">All apps seem to track a1 quite well throughout the 2 hours and various intensity ranges.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">A zoomed view during 6 minutes at MLSS+10w (zone 3) same as above first figure:<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS_Hh-dReUyuJsZZvwTp031mnDp_wFmTcMMOfZCWSQnRSat5C-S6dRIv_Lxzaazv8HKfqHUrqvQS0IhAu9iLJINlmNDeZQArsa2Iiht80TV7edUhEgRHNEghjP63F0WRvhKrSrBV4SiOrjna-mdQ9gW6kfh7p7TDJcT_JxhQ7b5waI-k-KFdbTefZA/s3300/hit%20section.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2500" data-original-width="3300" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS_Hh-dReUyuJsZZvwTp031mnDp_wFmTcMMOfZCWSQnRSat5C-S6dRIv_Lxzaazv8HKfqHUrqvQS0IhAu9iLJINlmNDeZQArsa2Iiht80TV7edUhEgRHNEghjP63F0WRvhKrSrBV4SiOrjna-mdQ9gW6kfh7p7TDJcT_JxhQ7b5waI-k-KFdbTefZA/w640-h484/hit%20section.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Superb agreement of all 3 apps with Kubios</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">No issue with any app not reaching low a1 levels (seen with some non Kubios detrending methods).</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Now for the interesting part - I had a run of many atrial premature complexes (APC) that were easily seen on my Movesense ECG sensor tracing (yeah, I wore that too):</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">The top panel is the ECG (with QRS complexes), the green circled being the premature beats. The bottom panel is the HR (or RR). In Kubios it's easy to see premature beats since the HR will go up from the short RR then immediately drop from the longer RR (the gray zone in the bottom pane). Not related to this post - this is a great example why a continuous ECG can be helpful to understand why artifacts are occurring.<br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUc5AiDC028ipHDXGBW_B2TFUawRO6RHGj8DA0iPiJKtzaBlA95Ncki0E0CL7dEy8vMXLMdCN7njjflkB6ClM5VA88qq0ES18Iwc0qDI3OoFTIjLqAfW1ANY2-VACnrPZHuTWCnBufEtpCu2-zv7z8QVpTsdSCsVvyhUbXNP0nORODaaI25enoWJOW/s1709/apc%2088%20whole.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="1709" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUc5AiDC028ipHDXGBW_B2TFUawRO6RHGj8DA0iPiJKtzaBlA95Ncki0E0CL7dEy8vMXLMdCN7njjflkB6ClM5VA88qq0ES18Iwc0qDI3OoFTIjLqAfW1ANY2-VACnrPZHuTWCnBufEtpCu2-zv7z8QVpTsdSCsVvyhUbXNP0nORODaaI25enoWJOW/w640-h186/apc%2088%20whole.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YuWXpUjpCCQGkKmp8gD1DC7QksBJzXW9lfN223STgmoCAPNXKHVrneSS19RwQSPdepuOBm59lFntO3uEy5AUeO9RxGgdi_g0O4Xi0BYPzAzSUwSKRQ5L0Y6B9_fNnB-N8XAa59oJxwqmCmUCOB8tGB7-askJF6KF64NaBZFWDhhVvAXVHXAYlFSF/s1710/apc%2088.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="1710" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5YuWXpUjpCCQGkKmp8gD1DC7QksBJzXW9lfN223STgmoCAPNXKHVrneSS19RwQSPdepuOBm59lFntO3uEy5AUeO9RxGgdi_g0O4Xi0BYPzAzSUwSKRQ5L0Y6B9_fNnB-N8XAa59oJxwqmCmUCOB8tGB7-askJF6KF64NaBZFWDhhVvAXVHXAYlFSF/w640-h186/apc%2088.png" width="640" /> </a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">How do the apps handle these APCs?</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmO01VGZXANc8pMsJY4Ox54p9f6kXr8F3LCszgCLc_n67D7V9dybyktBvq7aFoWu6YkK_2OAzIwq7hK9mF0JbrcTepRvKVlAxKKyQwP9zZzqDMj_p_o1WpfvOQIjhQhRQUuhfR2kbHawWxWyR6nNtgNpAgpWqCCpjky2pm-O8ErnQRSzlN0T29kKjd/s3255/art%20section.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2501" data-original-width="3255" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmO01VGZXANc8pMsJY4Ox54p9f6kXr8F3LCszgCLc_n67D7V9dybyktBvq7aFoWu6YkK_2OAzIwq7hK9mF0JbrcTepRvKVlAxKKyQwP9zZzqDMj_p_o1WpfvOQIjhQhRQUuhfR2kbHawWxWyR6nNtgNpAgpWqCCpjky2pm-O8ErnQRSzlN0T29kKjd/w640-h492/art%20section.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Only Fitness Dashboard is able to match Kubios Premium since both are using the <a href="https://www.fitnesshrv.com/references/Lipponen_new_kubios_method_2019.pdf">automatic correction method of Lipponen and Tarvainen</a>. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This does not mean that Aiendurance or Fatmaxxer is "wrong", they are just using a different correction method that under <i>certain circumstances</i> is not as robust. If we used the same threshold method seen in Kubios free, the same a1 false suppression would have been seen.<br /></span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Why is the automatic method "better"?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The key to the automatic method is that it not only looks backwards for the proper RR pattern but also looks forwards:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc1QYqNyhUow5eix9BzWpRn8bQTTyeqhOlXiKvlW5JM2kEgeaP3NILx6WhrP9BF6MlBP54YW5IdD1-hA1tvrA3ABgrBBkPLAMIyQbNUsmIpSB2bsNGYYL-CrT5NmuijmZW74vkAjspiTlcNv8DI6Tlli3epHKvaC61WCiaf9CYw36_VsUM65jUJUAj/s415/kubios%20auto.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="176" data-original-width="415" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc1QYqNyhUow5eix9BzWpRn8bQTTyeqhOlXiKvlW5JM2kEgeaP3NILx6WhrP9BF6MlBP54YW5IdD1-hA1tvrA3ABgrBBkPLAMIyQbNUsmIpSB2bsNGYYL-CrT5NmuijmZW74vkAjspiTlcNv8DI6Tlli3epHKvaC61WCiaf9CYw36_VsUM65jUJUAj/s320/kubios%20auto.png" width="320" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The downside to this is that there is going to be a small lag in each a1 displayed in real-time - therefore if you were following Fatmaxxer and Dashboard simultaneously, they may not perfectly match. The "look forward" is 45 beats which at a HR of 135 is about 20 seconds. In my opinion the tradeoff is worth it - the automatic method is a real bonus.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Regression/Correlation</b> - the higher the R2, the better the match to Kubios<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyxy5hQ5cCyV6IofquHrelWIWWwBNmz_NhcNb0IhdO9o318kVacSgNFf2VtHX1bdC5hMvksgjotSzHQ1exw5AwAaju0gEaTLRnzVGfPtib077Y1bZyQftCw2A8rzfMzY662XYx6GLxa9uuE5z67dRE4M9o0LpUZEQaHh3xUa80sltTGZ_zIXFHLQfV/s2267/dash.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1537" data-original-width="2267" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyxy5hQ5cCyV6IofquHrelWIWWwBNmz_NhcNb0IhdO9o318kVacSgNFf2VtHX1bdC5hMvksgjotSzHQ1exw5AwAaju0gEaTLRnzVGfPtib077Y1bZyQftCw2A8rzfMzY662XYx6GLxa9uuE5z67dRE4M9o0LpUZEQaHh3xUa80sltTGZ_zIXFHLQfV/w640-h434/dash.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0lUwbQnW_xlYoq0l0l9lilPcuZfq9Xqilsykz2poHPVjCJ4LioCjReCqsIUtXOnFlrX1ocy6NTm9X3VNd9VTvoHq5VOHLg4CGWLLHtk_VEOksynEB_dC8t2YDMeuz14agKsoXmnb5tdDypoILne-guOOs2kE6pC4ztfuqxxruyDkz_uori0yEX3cN/s2292/fm.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1514" data-original-width="2292" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0lUwbQnW_xlYoq0l0l9lilPcuZfq9Xqilsykz2poHPVjCJ4LioCjReCqsIUtXOnFlrX1ocy6NTm9X3VNd9VTvoHq5VOHLg4CGWLLHtk_VEOksynEB_dC8t2YDMeuz14agKsoXmnb5tdDypoILne-guOOs2kE6pC4ztfuqxxruyDkz_uori0yEX3cN/w640-h422/fm.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRS_qb5zbkLOxlJDzPBCcvZPvOLYNIShCOURW3B3Up1SBOvMatISPNxn2DVgDe6scsuuLgDOQuq7DHoYz2_oi8gw4a0A6MXp-kY9BRBSigLSjgOMx1U9-K8m_WODBto4IlUcChxrxNm5BM-qFVfY-AVDo3nFoHUYyOga_JVdO8Bh8JxCOVGhsxf3yQ/s2264/aiend.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1606" data-original-width="2264" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRS_qb5zbkLOxlJDzPBCcvZPvOLYNIShCOURW3B3Up1SBOvMatISPNxn2DVgDe6scsuuLgDOQuq7DHoYz2_oi8gw4a0A6MXp-kY9BRBSigLSjgOMx1U9-K8m_WODBto4IlUcChxrxNm5BM-qFVfY-AVDo3nFoHUYyOga_JVdO8Bh8JxCOVGhsxf3yQ/w640-h454/aiend.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">They are all good, but perhaps due to the (better) artifact correction method, the regression appears closer with Dashboard.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Interesting that Fatmaxxer and AIEndurance are virtually identical.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Fitness Dashboard is an app that tracks multiple physiologic metrics in real time including DFA a1.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It uses Kubios preprocessing methodology and the automatic artifact correction algorithm found in the Premium version.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The degree of similarity to Kubios is excellent and definitely on par with the best apps out there (Runalyze, AIEndurance and Fatmaxxer).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">As an aside, many thanks to the developer who is a talented hardware/software engineer. This is well on it's way to being a professional level application for both athletic and professional users.<br /></span></li></ul><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise</b></span></span></span></span> </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html">(To the FAQ</a> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/04/the-dfa-a1-app-matrix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">The DFA a1 App Matrix </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span>)</span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span>
</span></span></span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">First article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/atrial-fibrillation-warning-signs-from.html">Atrial fibrillation - warning signs from chest belt recordings</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">AlphaHRV - the first native Garmin DFA a1 data field </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/hrvt-validation-in-elite-triathletes.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRVT validation in Elite Triathletes </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/04/the-dfa-a1-app-matrix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">The DFA a1 App Matrix </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/05/dfa-a1-review-and-update-frontiers-2022.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">New - Review in Frontiers in Physiology </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-14798543683004870432022-05-09T03:27:00.003-07:002022-08-08T13:56:54.931-07:00DFA a1 Review and Update Frontiers 2022<div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">It's been an interesting 2+ years since <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339652901_A_Personalized_Low_Intensity_Exercise_Prescription_based_on_an_Index_of_Non-Linear_Heart_Rate_Variability_A_Case_Report">my initial </a>case report indicating that there was potential value of the nonlinear HRV index, DFA a1, in modulating training intensity, zone guidance and threshold delineation. Given the rapid progress in the field, Thomas Gronwald and I put together a review and "synthesis" of exercise related DFA a1 topics which is <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.879071/abstract">now on the Frontiers website</a>. In many respects it also serves as a general FAQ with sections dealing with background, thresholds, limitations, usage with atypical exercise types, assessment of fatigue, durability, real-time use and of course, all the great apps to measure it. There are some interesting comments and observations regarding ECG vs chest belt results, artifact effects, preprocessing/detrending (Kubios reverse engineering).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Below is the "essence" of the relationship of DFA a1 with exercise intensity - a combo figure showing the a1 to HR relation regarding training zones (A) and to defined threshold values (B) in a diverse group of users.<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOZWkRRD4ODQkYsmWbq6EHkTfGhv8roOuQJ9tWnLSr6xlvO19VYWRxcjkNAi-3N4Go5P_rpGVMZYT2t1qkmbkbaJ995VYeZemDsKwsSty4JF2Lg_I1iHX6EiERikRZoAIVmN1jRGKxGGD-hgMJ9LgbxbxHoqB0ehqDcDj9hgk4iqt5w3_iGF1koHSn/s925/fig%201%20upd.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="925" data-original-width="770" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOZWkRRD4ODQkYsmWbq6EHkTfGhv8roOuQJ9tWnLSr6xlvO19VYWRxcjkNAi-3N4Go5P_rpGVMZYT2t1qkmbkbaJ995VYeZemDsKwsSty4JF2Lg_I1iHX6EiERikRZoAIVmN1jRGKxGGD-hgMJ9LgbxbxHoqB0ehqDcDj9hgk4iqt5w3_iGF1koHSn/w532-h640/fig%201%20upd.png" width="532" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">A few hopefully helpful comments:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Several requirements are need for optimal DFA a1 measurement:</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/3/821">Artifacts below 5%</a> (3% even better)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Proper software that reverse engineers Kubios methodology such as <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html">Runalyze</a>, <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ai-endurance-dfa-a1-accuracy-initial.html">AIendurance</a>, <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html">Fatmaxxer</a> <b>but not</b> HRV logger. The <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html">alphaHRV</a> app for Garmin units is in a separate class - although not using either Kubios preprocessing or measurement window type, it seems to correspond well.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html">Good signal to noise ratio</a> of the cardiac electrical signal - this is generally not considered but is of major importance for a1 to be measured accurately. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For thresholds make sure you are fresh, no illness, not over reached. Try to <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html">use a fan</a> indoors!</span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Does this method work in everyone?</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">No - there are always exceptions. Even the gold standard approach of gas exchange will have uninterruptible results or even wrong determinations due to "user" error.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">However, it is widely applicable for most individuals.<br /></span></li></ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">As I work with various participant data, I'm amazed at the frequency of rhythm disturbances - from <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/5/2032/htm#">atrial fib</a>, very frequent APCs, intraventricular conduction delays (bundle branch blocks) and even ventricular aberrancy. </span></li><li><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">I
read in (fill in the name) blog or Twitter feed that DFA a1 insights regarding exercise
intensity/threshold determination are based on "flimsy" evidence - what
do you say to that!</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>To
date, no published study has proven any of our conclusions false</b>. In
fact another group, working with a <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35238695/">large number of participants</a> found
essentially the same results regarding threshold values. When reading
someone's personal experience, several prerequisites should be present -
the use of <i>Kubios</i> as the HRV interpreting software, publication in a
decent peer reviewed journal and no conflicts of interest or emotional baggage.
Unfortunately, the later should not be underestimated as a motivation to
discredit DFA a1.</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li></ul></div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></li></ul></div><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Some final personal thoughts</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Along the way, I've worked with some amazing teams on these articles and projects. I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all of them. Without the data sets and expertise of people like Dave Giles and Laurent Mourot, we would not have been able to come up with these insights. A special thanks to Thomas Gronwald for pioneering the concept of using DFA a1 for exercise modulation in general and being open for collaborating with a relative "noob" in physiology. He is a brilliant researcher and has been an incredible friend. </span></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;"><span>
</span></span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">First article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><font size="3">
</font></span></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/atrial-fibrillation-warning-signs-from.html">Atrial fibrillation - warning signs from chest belt recordings</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">AlphaHRV - the first native Garmin DFA a1 data field </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/hrvt-validation-in-elite-triathletes.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRVT validation in Elite Triathletes </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="https://scientifictriathlon.com/tts329/"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Recent podcast at Scientific Triathlon 3/22 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/08/fitness-dashboard-review-a1-and-more.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Fitness Dashboard - initial review </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="DE" style="color: #0070c0; mso-ansi-language: DE; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span style="color: #0070c0;"></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
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<![endif]--></p></div>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-21090569554018282802022-04-14T11:23:00.221-07:002023-10-10T15:04:20.467-07:00The DFA a1 App matrix<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In keeping with our upcoming review of "<a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2022.879071/abstract">whats new</a>" in DFA a1 related exercise topics, I wanted to consolidate a cross comparison listing of current apps that will display this metric either on the Web or in real time on smart devices. I will continue to add/subtract based on features, issues and programming changes made. Most of the apps have separate posts except for the new iOS beta app. Below the matrix listing I will make some personal comments about each app as well. It was interesting to go back to my first impressions of many of the app's initial agreement with Kubios (which is what we use in published studies) - <i>they were uniformly not good</i>. However with cooperative developers, excellent agreement to Kubios was achievable. Many personal thanks to those individuals (you know who you are) for being open to constructive criticism. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6_4oaVZnPHH_rz3zBBvWFlk7gysT3KQw1Z6c1T7GgQknK0iHPb3ZJlri7kt9vuvr9VOiVFw0vn_l4O1FxzjxZy1VPOGCltHG-hKXf84xlVlXkQgnv4jPyJKAavOoCeYpby0wht1pE1h0BXFOfKofP1_CTepk9DENhOVsgB8xMtlXoLPV-qmIiHIHd/s1224/matrix.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="586" data-original-width="1224" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6_4oaVZnPHH_rz3zBBvWFlk7gysT3KQw1Z6c1T7GgQknK0iHPb3ZJlri7kt9vuvr9VOiVFw0vn_l4O1FxzjxZy1VPOGCltHG-hKXf84xlVlXkQgnv4jPyJKAavOoCeYpby0wht1pE1h0BXFOfKofP1_CTepk9DENhOVsgB8xMtlXoLPV-qmIiHIHd/w640-h306/matrix.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /> </span><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html">Runalyze</a></b> - An excellent web based app that does it all - will track power, muscle O2, Core body temp, HRV etc. Great development team willing to adapt and adjust the product per user feedback. It allows one to determine where to set the stop, start timing points for ramp analysis. Csv download contains DFA a1, power, HR for easy Excel analysis. Artifact <b>percentages are displayed for each 2 minute measurement window. <br /></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ai-endurance-dfa-a1-accuracy-initial.html">AIEndurance</a></b> - Another excellent web based app. The focus here is perhaps more DFA a1 vs power/HR related than Runalyze. There is automatic calculation of threshold values if a progressive HR/power rise is noted during the first 30 minutes. In addition, the app will keep track of historical trends of the a1/power relationship to determine degrees of baseline fatigue (inappropriate low a1 at warmup power) as a measure of readiness. The app will also track the a1:power relationship during a longer session as a measure of exercise fatigue/durability. These are handy observations to have and our group is in the process of further exploration/validation of this concept. The development team is very willing to take suggestions to improve the product.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html">Fatmaxxer</a></b> - Although android only, as near perfect a monitoring app that I could hope for. Why - excellent Kubios agreement, nice graphical display of pertinent data (including artifacts), signal strength of the ECG waveform for optimal belt positioning and perhaps most important of all - ECG tracing snips pre/port each artifact detected. That one feature alone may potentially save a life someday for detecting a serious arrhythmia. Designed by an enthusiastic, talented developer who is interested in making a quality product that is free of charge. Finally, the RR output file is "unfiltered" meaning that it contains the raw RR data for potential Kubios analysis. This a good tool for researchers looking to collect HRV for later Kubios import, while also getting realtime feedback on a1 and signal strength for optimal belt position.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="https://twitter.com/bluewomble">Alpha One Endurance</a></b> - This is an app designed by Ash Burrows and more info can be found <a href="https://twitter.com/bluewomble">here</a>. Although I do not have detailed specs at this time, the app uses Kubios preprocessing methodology and testing so far has shown excellent agreement to Kubios. Further review and comments pending. It is very welcomed since there is a current lack of an appropriate iOS based DFA a1 app.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html">alphaHRV</a></b> - The app that I thought would be impossible to create (I'm happy to be wrong) - an accurate, realtime a1 display for Garmin watches and head units (without a smartphone being needed). Although it is using an alternate method of preprocessing and a measurement window of 200 beats (instead of 2 min), the data is close to that of Kubios and updates each second (user defined). A masterwork of programming and imagination indeed! Artifact % is displayed and there is a 2 min running graphical display of a1 on device. Garmin fit files will contain this data so you can extract for further analysis. Garmin Connect treats this like any data field (with artifacts showing as well). The development team is helpful, motivated and willing to adjust the product as needed. Please see my review for why we can't expect precise Kubios agreement, but IMO, this is close enough for our purposes.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/08/fitness-dashboard-review-a1-and-more.html">Fitness Dashboard</a> - A PC based app, still in alpha but stable for every day usage. Uses Kubios features including the proper detrending and the <b>huge bonus of "automatic" artifact correction</b>, not seen in any other app except Kubios <i>Premium</i>. Also tracks other Ant+ devices such as Moxy, core temp, cadence etc. Will eventually have realtime ECG for the Polar H10.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>HRV logger</b> - The first app for realtime a1 tracking. Unfortunately, it suffers from inherent limitations in recalculation ability (stuck at 120 sec) and non optimal preprocessing that may lead to poor a1 agreement to Kubios. The app was designed as an add on for an already mature product as opposed to Fatmaxxer, alphaHRV and Alpha One Endurance which were created solely as an a1 tracking app. An analogy for this app is that of the first cellphones. I remember my first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_bag_phone">"bag" phone</a>, a real game changer for a busy doctor - I didn't have to stop at a pay phone (yes really) to answer calls after my pager went off. So yes, the bag phone was great in 1988. But in 2022, we can (and should) do better. This app has not been updated and the developer has lost interest in DFA a1, making improvements in programming, interface, and Kubios agreement unlikely. As they say, "the right tool for the right job".</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html">To the FAQ....</a><br /></span></p><ul><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/06/combining-nirs-and-dfa-a1-for-critical.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Combining NIRS and DFA a1 for critical intensity estimation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/a-new-paradigm-for-intensity-thresholds.html" target="_blank">A new paradigm for Intensity thresholds - combining surrogate markers</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html">Ramp slope and HRV thresholds</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p></p><p>
</p><br /><br />BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-680310363274945662022-03-26T10:50:00.005-07:002022-03-29T09:29:00.605-07:00More pitfalls in HRM belt position<p><span style="font-family: arial;">I was recently asked to evaluate a blog reader who had high artifact RR recordings. This is the way it looked:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVylAbt3ktgE5HvVfZzkxuM2N0d4gALYeHWj24E_j17BV6J-FNrHZjUxpCihXMlGuTf-c6yaeN5Owf8ECKtSDe6AmIrQ6MsD4CeNrvS4LhOwmU7uz-4XQE9kULj3LtTORyHaJWe2MZj4TZguQ0CRgoNv4lIhh_05eKcUhmIFrl87AdTfCsZhpi_2rV/s1152/artifacts%20pierre.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="1152" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVylAbt3ktgE5HvVfZzkxuM2N0d4gALYeHWj24E_j17BV6J-FNrHZjUxpCihXMlGuTf-c6yaeN5Owf8ECKtSDe6AmIrQ6MsD4CeNrvS4LhOwmU7uz-4XQE9kULj3LtTORyHaJWe2MZj4TZguQ0CRgoNv4lIhh_05eKcUhmIFrl87AdTfCsZhpi_2rV/w640-h304/artifacts%20pierre.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We are seeing near 5-10% artifact rates with occasionally higher values. Potential causes include poor contact, low battery, arrhythmia, module failure or <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html">non optimal belt position</a>. To track down the cause, the athlete was asked to record a ramp session with <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/polar-h10-ecg-tracing-short-how-to-guide.html">software</a> that records an ECG from the Polar H10. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here are the results:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXfY3vvkEk0MWL7c5qDzSjfqQQ9vDZlszv4YecdIs8aNs7xsPcAkDA0GWH6CZ2wDX4NTi2wrdOTddkr2VLeDqIRWBy6anxYVTxCmkzqb5j0Fq1p_5C85KBkm3iq2CcfT1sOwDE__gtscsQoFp5YWU7_ZCeNzhGTfQZCTUNtbPIaIXcwMX2pF81iggW/s1317/pierre%20ecg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="232" data-original-width="1317" height="112" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXfY3vvkEk0MWL7c5qDzSjfqQQ9vDZlszv4YecdIs8aNs7xsPcAkDA0GWH6CZ2wDX4NTi2wrdOTddkr2VLeDqIRWBy6anxYVTxCmkzqb5j0Fq1p_5C85KBkm3iq2CcfT1sOwDE__gtscsQoFp5YWU7_ZCeNzhGTfQZCTUNtbPIaIXcwMX2pF81iggW/w640-h112/pierre%20ecg.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What we are seeing here is a <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html">very low R peak amplitude</a>, so low that some beats are not even counted properly (yellow marks).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Since the R peak has a low signal to noise ratio, the DFA a1 can't be properly determined. Recall that this index is based on correlation patterns of beat to beat timing - if the timing is not precise, the correlations will be lost. Kind of like looking through a dirty camera lens or set of eyeglasses and not recognizing a persons face.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is the DFA a1 result-</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbmAHN51_6gJtzK1cQ7b2XFVXEDLc-M_tHgTjfa3o7N3WyRf3SOu9BM32k8rAac1vAQgVrX5dmCKPzTDQTHP1xiRuyjaTo3FD9qxyR9gJmj3HPQYaj6hUQfwv164L70eIAFAp7XrLa7hunsnTQm1C0Om7XtXrcKBmwXQhej3kLlVNw_-acm7TV5Wzz/s1577/image(1).png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1046" data-original-width="1577" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbmAHN51_6gJtzK1cQ7b2XFVXEDLc-M_tHgTjfa3o7N3WyRf3SOu9BM32k8rAac1vAQgVrX5dmCKPzTDQTHP1xiRuyjaTo3FD9qxyR9gJmj3HPQYaj6hUQfwv164L70eIAFAp7XrLa7hunsnTQm1C0Om7XtXrcKBmwXQhej3kLlVNw_-acm7TV5Wzz/w640-h424/image(1).png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The bottom panel (black) is the DFA a1, which is all over the map, no relation to heart rate (blue). The top panel shows the ECG and artifacts (tiny vertical lines) which are above 5%.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">How do we fix this?</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Just invert the signal polarity in the preference settings of Kubios. </span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This is what the result yields:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO8GsLLfLIfhqkQ4yaIvNvDQn3VYOuXr--DOiN-W05U7sWZdEEe617cO3qvKmH4HGSPw7qn1Bhzl8U6qtiZNMpBm7mKJyo89pwzPIXdleSn7rAjLQpWwE8FMqkCBT9bJCJ0EWVa9wPy70ImGAVvxgGM-hgwyinwQGem6BYSXjQy-3-_lt4lcfZc7-3/s1572/image(2).png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1045" data-original-width="1572" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiO8GsLLfLIfhqkQ4yaIvNvDQn3VYOuXr--DOiN-W05U7sWZdEEe617cO3qvKmH4HGSPw7qn1Bhzl8U6qtiZNMpBm7mKJyo89pwzPIXdleSn7rAjLQpWwE8FMqkCBT9bJCJ0EWVa9wPy70ImGAVvxgGM-hgwyinwQGem6BYSXjQy-3-_lt4lcfZc7-3/w640-h426/image(2).png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm8yqUdF_XZetFe8E6gpc8jqfDn2MZ5YB7YWLtlj6qj6EPJjtf0RHyGFBqgCgw17XWaDjD4tzZU4DXBj6JUVSFvEGyop-ogdR3Fo_y71WOtm0Qbedg9Q67fNuc_0h5xzIQA9BB_xav4Isjp8_P1CEGVxczNprK2FaOfDP166BGEUzVoJNf25C5TjoG/s2527/regress%20hrvt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1644" data-original-width="2527" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm8yqUdF_XZetFe8E6gpc8jqfDn2MZ5YB7YWLtlj6qj6EPJjtf0RHyGFBqgCgw17XWaDjD4tzZU4DXBj6JUVSFvEGyop-ogdR3Fo_y71WOtm0Qbedg9Q67fNuc_0h5xzIQA9BB_xav4Isjp8_P1CEGVxczNprK2FaOfDP166BGEUzVoJNf25C5TjoG/w640-h416/regress%20hrvt.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Now DFA a1 is gradually dropping as HR rises.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Notice also that all the artifacts are gone - not a single one is present! </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The ECG strip on the top panel shows good R peaks. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Excellent regression plot of HRVT.<br /></span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Unfortunately, the H10 does not auto invert the signal.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">To compensate, this user should <b>flip the module (Polar logo upside down)</b> to reproduce the software polarity inversion I did.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">More info from Polar (even they recommend these mods):</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPswQ_FZlyiXac-0GHOlND8PQ0avLijqPvVIRL0WGxI-p_e9xNrVoaDctCecrYc1OiyhX2ejuaislAXMMByJfiQeO1RVhKmeKOeb9JB-5kcVe5BE81uaeaHtP0iGUdmZer3cycdrBtKmoxJ2hG9Kb-gRNxAdOmZoTGtOgXaI_zN0ceamn-Wosy8jYe/s1216/polar%20logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1216" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPswQ_FZlyiXac-0GHOlND8PQ0avLijqPvVIRL0WGxI-p_e9xNrVoaDctCecrYc1OiyhX2ejuaislAXMMByJfiQeO1RVhKmeKOeb9JB-5kcVe5BE81uaeaHtP0iGUdmZer3cycdrBtKmoxJ2hG9Kb-gRNxAdOmZoTGtOgXaI_zN0ceamn-Wosy8jYe/w640-h440/polar%20logo.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /> <br /></span><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Bottom line:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Some users of chest belt HR monitors will need to either invert the module or <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html">move it to the left to optimize the signal</a>.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Usage of Fatmaxxer (Android) or one of the Polar H10 <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ecg-ekg-recorder-for-polar-h10/id1541497051">ECG logging apps</a> (ios) can help one perform this type of assessment.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Although I can't say how common this type of issue is, it probably occurs more often than we think.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Going forward in DFA a1 monitoring, I recommend an initial signal optimization protocol to help produce the most precise a1 values. Besides the issue of proper software detrending (as Runalyze, Fatmaxxer and AI endurance are doing), signal optimization may help you reproduce published findings. <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-48376770517414645982022-02-18T05:01:00.004-08:002022-03-23T12:26:16.648-07:00HRVT validation in Elite Triathletes<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Up until now, there have been 3 studies examining the relationship of the aerobic threshold exercise intensity with that of where DFA a1 crosses 0.75 - </span></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Our initial report in <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2020.596567/full">Frontiers</a> (runners), </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">one in the <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/18/4075">Journal of Clinical Medicine</a> (cardiac patients) </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">and another in <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33372912/">runners</a> (however they used different methodology). </span></li></ol><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Therefore, although many of us are using the index during cycling activities, there are no published studies validating use DFA a1 with this particular exercise type (yet). Today, the journal Sports has published our article <i>- <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/10/2/25">An Index of Non-Linear HRV as a Proxy of the Aerobic Threshold Based on Blood Lactate Concentration in Elite Triathletes</a>. </i>This report did use a cycling model and will be briefly discussed below.<i><br /></i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i></i></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRpmyUeqv5rZVWwvswAi4ZT93XYmjG_w5BfystLTEZ_YRmNV5skAxGeFuJEi9teVRk0UL4cYoLL28MzTzG75doZMhtxPS65FPC-vzy_zgQkPfKpl6hRWIYIbM6fRNEB7CrwTKw6zqoFI4nspySAksjuRQ72fKqBs8j-PJ0VtuzKk1s9wYCAuCRoqt3=s938"><img border="0" data-original-height="857" data-original-width="938" height="584" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRpmyUeqv5rZVWwvswAi4ZT93XYmjG_w5BfystLTEZ_YRmNV5skAxGeFuJEi9teVRk0UL4cYoLL28MzTzG75doZMhtxPS65FPC-vzy_zgQkPfKpl6hRWIYIbM6fRNEB7CrwTKw6zqoFI4nspySAksjuRQ72fKqBs8j-PJ0VtuzKk1s9wYCAuCRoqt3=w640-h584" width="640" /></a></i></div><i><br /> </i><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The article is a relatively straightforward read and should be a review for most users of the index. However, instead of using gas exchange to obtain the AeT (VT1, GET), a lactate based protocol was used. This was the "normal operating procedure" during the training camp, for the team we followed. As <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/first-and-second-lactate-thresholds-why.html">I discussed previously</a>, lactate threshold determination is not universally agreed upon - therefore, results could have been different with variations of threshold concepts. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As usual, many thanks to co authors Sander Berk and Thomas Gronwald and the athletes participating in the training camp.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Study Results</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The bottom line of the study was that yes, the LT1 (via log-log method) agreed closely with that of the HRVT in a group of elite triathletes (2 of them women). Although the match in each individual was not perfect, it was in line with <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27657502/">other studies</a> that looked at the agreement between the VT1 with the LT1.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As part of my habit of adding a little bonus material to the published work, the following is a set of plots detailing the HRVT and lactate trajectories of one participant.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This was a female triathlete, testing protocol as per the above article.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">LT1 from log-log plotting (we actually used the formula from <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6053235_Software_for_calculating_blood_lactate_endurance_markers">Newell et al</a>, but the results were identical to this graph):</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlzmWBiZBHneKtvBEkda4fD5y1tnuW4RPik9rJo3obpkQ5g_GbFT3Rr31JMlstVwitnaCGD-LWYOY0ngCDe-sNTEHMoHRJQNjTSYmUWicwvymy5HZnCDfy6gJGYojfb-Istb596GGbaR17KYSaHnPDjl1wgrHpzZs_diOqDbi_qxeVlvCVbopEaqrh=s2735" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1509" data-original-width="2735" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlzmWBiZBHneKtvBEkda4fD5y1tnuW4RPik9rJo3obpkQ5g_GbFT3Rr31JMlstVwitnaCGD-LWYOY0ngCDe-sNTEHMoHRJQNjTSYmUWicwvymy5HZnCDfy6gJGYojfb-Istb596GGbaR17KYSaHnPDjl1wgrHpzZs_diOqDbi_qxeVlvCVbopEaqrh=w640-h354" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"> The HR at the log log threshold is 168 bpm.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The HRVT plot (DFA vs HR):</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAsXOoMr-nX7pd2UHge165tEXGR6xyagyd84GINjxZi1kioPKAYYjkiCIuufoR8S6q_jjO_we5-UWZeWgeHU1L8pllSbkf6o9yTwqsYWfTy9blVvL0c9mjCblzzCua2uGBIQfF2eS4xZ0aBd09NYNZCmE34t8nzhHwvAoqSbKBl8Tf1RFeiDapJ7uF=s2845" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1723" data-original-width="2845" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAsXOoMr-nX7pd2UHge165tEXGR6xyagyd84GINjxZi1kioPKAYYjkiCIuufoR8S6q_jjO_we5-UWZeWgeHU1L8pllSbkf6o9yTwqsYWfTy9blVvL0c9mjCblzzCua2uGBIQfF2eS4xZ0aBd09NYNZCmE34t8nzhHwvAoqSbKBl8Tf1RFeiDapJ7uF=w640-h388" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Excellent agreement in this individual for LT1 and HRVT.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Analysis of power at LT1 and HRVT power were done with different methodology (see article if you are interested). <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This study represents the fourth "validation" of the HRVT concept but in elite triathletes performing cycling exercise.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The regression metric and limits of agreement were in line with other published data comparing various threshold methodologies.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">No test method is perfect therefore YMMV, but the majority of users should be able to reproduce results similar to this.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Shortly after the above was published, the following was released - </span><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35238695/"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Validity of DFA a1 to determine intensity thresholds in professional cyclists</span></span></a> <span style="font-family: arial;">with similar results</span><br /></li></ul><p><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/rapid-hrvt-graphing-and-interpretation.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Rapid HRVT graphing and interpretation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/atrial-fibrillation-warning-signs-from.html">Atrial fibrillation - warning signs from chest belt recordings</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/12/a-tale-of-2-hrvs-afib-vs-noise.html"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A tale of 2 HRVs - afib vs noise </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></a></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/alphahrv-first-native-garmin-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">AlphaHRV - the first native Garmin DFA a1 data field </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-82193664659805077562022-02-05T11:25:00.023-08:002023-10-10T15:05:55.871-07:00AlphaHRV - the first native Garmin DFA a1 data field<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Updated 2/7/22, 2/14/22, 2/22/22, 2/23/22, 4/11/22, 10/24/22<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">New readers who would like to learn more about DFA a1 during dynamic exercise please read the <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html">FAQ</a> for background.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Updates to this post: <br /></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/05/dfa-a1-review-and-update-frontiers-2022.html"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">DFA a1 </span></b></a><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/05/dfa-a1-review-and-update-frontiers-2022.html">Review in Frontiers in Physiology</a></span></b></li><li><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/10/alphahrv-vs-garmin-resp-rate-david-vs.html">Alpha HRV resp rate metric review</a></span></b></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html" target="_blank">Ramp slope and HRV a1 thresholds - does it matter?</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span><b><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></b></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">A little over a year ago an established HRV app (HRV Logger) was modified to display DFA a1 as part of it's feature set. Since that time, two websites (<a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html">Runalyze</a>, <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ai-endurance-dfa-a1-accuracy-initial.html">AIEndurance</a>) and one Android app (<a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html">Fatmaxxer</a>) have advanced the a1 recording field further by essentially reverse engineering Kubios premium's feature of calculating a1 every 5-10s using the same preprocessing methods. In these three modalities, I've shown that a1 agreement with Kubios is quite close, reassuring us that the results will be relevant to conclusions drawn from <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html">published studies</a>. The intent of this post is to do the same type of analysis and agreement comparisons with the new a1 data field for Garmin products, <a href="https://apps.garmin.com/en-US/apps/1a69b10a-1d31-4afe-a32f-6a579ae20d9f#0">AlphaHRV</a>. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCOQQappmvD1Deg38BfkxUUoloPGsziCPHxw258diEposG6sauiFwpn8EBmKPHKfYb7kX_eetzLUdWLSmGdx9gLLE4lCfbzvBMw8VhXaaCPTShK5OXScKAIg-cHa4Gmm-kqTfd2plzWOYX_ICcHGrSNLAF0kvH1AI0aZmkTW7l1m5pIK32-k7n6IkL=s240" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="240" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCOQQappmvD1Deg38BfkxUUoloPGsziCPHxw258diEposG6sauiFwpn8EBmKPHKfYb7kX_eetzLUdWLSmGdx9gLLE4lCfbzvBMw8VhXaaCPTShK5OXScKAIg-cHa4Gmm-kqTfd2plzWOYX_ICcHGrSNLAF0kvH1AI0aZmkTW7l1m5pIK32-k7n6IkL" width="240" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Because of the severe processor, memory and programming limitations of a Garmin device, the method of data preprocessing is different than Kubios (and Fatmaxxer, Runalyze and AIEndurance) which means results may not match as well as hoped for. <b> I've discussed before why preprocessing is so important and we saw how different results can be between the initial and final version of both Fatmaxxer and Runalyze</b>. Here is an comment from a study by <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378923/">Voss et al</a>., that is instructive:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyKrCBdRstwraBwjyZWdBEY-NoHtHBFI-YQHODuav2JzwTrGwlKB2aQN7j4gUraUxDkmQcOKqXYTJ0P4i4AjUiDhlR9_fsjTQL7qCoBRYsk6oHVscdLy44mf0k9f6enD2CZUm2npI9C4Z2J1AyGjOxLb-F3SPSOhkNrGcpO4BFTPKQ2HKyu_OSoZ1L=s772" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="772" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyKrCBdRstwraBwjyZWdBEY-NoHtHBFI-YQHODuav2JzwTrGwlKB2aQN7j4gUraUxDkmQcOKqXYTJ0P4i4AjUiDhlR9_fsjTQL7qCoBRYsk6oHVscdLy44mf0k9f6enD2CZUm2npI9C4Z2J1AyGjOxLb-F3SPSOhkNrGcpO4BFTPKQ2HKyu_OSoZ1L=w640-h430" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In addition - the following was included in my post on Fatmaxxer regarding "detrending" - <br /></span></p><i><span style="font-family: arial;">Since
we are basing training thresholds on the value of DFA a1, precision is
of utmost importance. Other HRV indexes (SD1, SDNN) rely on looking for
a nadir during an exercise ramp for AeT determination. With a1, we use
a value - that's both a blessing and a curse. The blessing is that we
don't need a ramp to failure and could probably estimate from a mixed
exercise session. The curse of course is that we are relying on
accuracy of the HRM in getting the RR timing correct and the computation
methods of the software. The process of obtaining the a1 is complex.
The HRV software needs to first "detrend" the data. This has nothing to
do with "detrended fluctuation analysis", AKA "DFA". The detrending of
RR data is done to remove "<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/13829597_Heart_rate_variability_Origins_methods_and_interpretive_caveats">stationaries</a>".
These are slow changes in beat pattern from other causes. If they are
not removed properly, the DFA a1 will appear more "ordered" than it
should be and a bias upward will be seen at very low values (for example
a true a1 of .4 may appear as a .6 or higher). This has been the
bugaboo of some of the other software approaches including the initial
python related packages. For instance, Runalyze was somewhat inaccurate
before they enhanced their approach to using the "<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12066885/">smoothness priors</a>"
approach of Kubios. HRV logger does not use the "smoothness priors" of
Kubios fame method either. The issue is worse for recordings with more
stationaries of course - so YMMV. We saw very good accuracy with HRV
logger in the Frontiers study, but in my personal use, it is not there.
After a fair amount of work, <b>Fatmaxxer has been significantly upgraded to use the Kubios method of "smoothness priors"</b>. Despite the calculation load, the speed is not affected even with a re-computation of every 5 seconds</span></i><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><strike>The detrending method employed in the Alpha HRV app can be varied between 3 options - Kalman filter (normal or strong) and "MA". Although Kubios uses smoothness priors, the <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0967-3334/27/3/002">same development team did review the Kalman</a> technique and their opinion was very favorable.</strike></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The current detrending method used by this app is based on a "Low pass FIR filter (Butterworth order 30) applied twice, forward and backwards".<strike> </strike><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In addition to the above, we also have the importance of artifact identification and correction. Even if everything is perfect in the preprocessing department, inadequate artifact removal can bias the a1. Although many readers just want to get to the bottom line on whether this app works - it's critical we understand that the data we rely upon for training decisions (the a1) may not be as valid as we think. Therefore, we have the following "hurdles" to jump to yield a1 values in line with Kubios:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Preprocessing - detrending (moderate to high difficultly)<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Artifact recognition and correction (variable difficulty)<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The actual DFA calculation (not that difficult)</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Presentation, graphing and recalculation interval (dependent on the developer)<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">With this in mind, let's take a look at the app.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Protocol</b> - indoor cycling, no formal ramp but gradually raised power by simply changing gears at steady cadence to past the AeT. This was the day after a hard session for me, so I knew the a1 would drop easily. I wore the Polar H10 (bluetooth to Fatmaxxer and Garmin) and the Movesense ECG for rhythm analysis. Bluetooth is recommended for avoiding artifacts at high HR but I decided to use Ant+ for the Garmin alpha 1 app.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Install</b> - download, install, then go to the "activity" of interest (cycling, running etc), add a data screen and populate the data screen with a single connect IQ field, namely alpha HRV. Use the Garmin Express PC app to change the settings.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Settings:</b> <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For this test I used bluetooth. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">However: <b>If you were to use bluetooth, you must first make sure that the H10 is not paired with the Garmin device (if it is, delete the pairing). The app apparently has it's own RR acquisition mode and if the H10 is already paired to the watch, it will not work in bluetooth (but will in ant+). </b> If you want to record RR to both your Garmin device for later analysis in Runalyze or AIendurance, use Ant+ to the app, use bluetooth to the Garmin device so as to be able to confirm results (after uploading to Runalyze or AIEndurance.) <span style="color: red;">Note - the app requires it's own bluetooth channel and can't use the same HRM module as paired to the Garmin device. Therefore, to have bluetooth RR recordings to both the app and your Garmin unit, you must use 2 different H10s.</span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: red;">Edit 2/23/22</span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: red;">Potential game changer - it appears this app takes advantage of a higher Ant+ sample rate than the Garmin native device. The result being - <i><u>no more rate related missed beat artifact.</u></i> I have confirmed this in my own recording and another from a friend. At this point we can have the best of both worlds - Ant+ to the alphaHRV app, bluetooth to the watch and Fatmaxxer.</span></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: red;"></span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: red;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhccNJM_ap3L12mqO7CDufqGFJsscr5f3_7WPJyQxQAPovBFtcQ1BpgayEtfJDBYmyHLAHCsiraaJ3cvpqnSXC0j_vmZaKiEwtB9ki4DbwCxdXlo_fdG9vKQLT1CUhSsS6T4_ZSHmTpFzmr_YmIHT34hQ0NlUe1osLYVDJCwzSDDGAg9ImuAJAZlM-k=s1378" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="682" data-original-width="1378" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhccNJM_ap3L12mqO7CDufqGFJsscr5f3_7WPJyQxQAPovBFtcQ1BpgayEtfJDBYmyHLAHCsiraaJ3cvpqnSXC0j_vmZaKiEwtB9ki4DbwCxdXlo_fdG9vKQLT1CUhSsS6T4_ZSHmTpFzmr_YmIHT34hQ0NlUe1osLYVDJCwzSDDGAg9ImuAJAZlM-k=w640-h316" width="640" /></a></span></b></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><span style="color: red;"><br /> </span></b><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Next:</span></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7MpP8CShgFA9hqj2H3__Gw7im_Qh_rMm09tddwUyRZLOKw456JdcS9q11zsvxQHaTh33EDHjd2E8z0G6dofDHK5dMwEj0Wj9ExPeK8LMtm_DXCAzmHcuzlrf05WeCQ6sQYnAwghSF_ydPgs1oAg6oc5QOmK0cg-z6AbCBfVOtEL-8tfUmqPZVWCOR=s1768" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1768" data-original-width="971" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj7MpP8CShgFA9hqj2H3__Gw7im_Qh_rMm09tddwUyRZLOKw456JdcS9q11zsvxQHaTh33EDHjd2E8z0G6dofDHK5dMwEj0Wj9ExPeK8LMtm_DXCAzmHcuzlrf05WeCQ6sQYnAwghSF_ydPgs1oAg6oc5QOmK0cg-z6AbCBfVOtEL-8tfUmqPZVWCOR=w352-h640" width="352" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifTdyc1uOZDgoDOoKaYtRwpUsEnflP_cOq6KKQ8bgho9gLTnkPIUGYzH8gSje4wjNzuA3xe1jlyNmplP0_9Plflh91M4KZvMrIVm7sydDw8US6sT6So9BmDo-Fou9nZbQ5Y8eG6rwqkKDNF12VgNDjvxRvU0t2nzfIi9QUyAyaYhb6KQF6Eq5z1l0l=s875" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="322" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifTdyc1uOZDgoDOoKaYtRwpUsEnflP_cOq6KKQ8bgho9gLTnkPIUGYzH8gSje4wjNzuA3xe1jlyNmplP0_9Plflh91M4KZvMrIVm7sydDw8US6sT6So9BmDo-Fou9nZbQ5Y8eG6rwqkKDNF12VgNDjvxRvU0t2nzfIi9QUyAyaYhb6KQF6Eq5z1l0l=w236-h640" width="236" /></a></div><br /><p><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>RR series duration</b> - The conventional method for the a1 "measurement window" is to use a time of 2 minutes worth of data. It turns out we need a certain minimum beat count, and a 2 min window gets us there. <b>This app does not use a 2 min window, instead using a fixed beat count. This has been proven before to be valid and 200 beats is fine to use</b>. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It is important to note that the corresponding Kubios (or equivalent) value<b> is not going to be identical simply based on a different span of beats</b>. However, this method is fine IMO and was validated by <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12914561/">Hautala et al:</a></span></li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIoywJ2AIxoGHoffuJI9qN5E9gPP7ndfFViTxJCcLruq93OdUoYBzZSCQ6HFnCN2ojCiLGb0MI_Pp_hsiCf21T9hsqUWt5XlxcenaUunRKNobflUgbSYJHOB9qcuNMZlu0v6rZwGBkDwtArPpaTTYTktM2qoPrHOpntrFmyhGcMSXWdZDKKSpj5_0Q=s602" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="565" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgIoywJ2AIxoGHoffuJI9qN5E9gPP7ndfFViTxJCcLruq93OdUoYBzZSCQ6HFnCN2ojCiLGb0MI_Pp_hsiCf21T9hsqUWt5XlxcenaUunRKNobflUgbSYJHOB9qcuNMZlu0v6rZwGBkDwtArPpaTTYTktM2qoPrHOpntrFmyhGcMSXWdZDKKSpj5_0Q=s320" width="300" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Period of consecutive DFA analysis</b> - <strike>I did cut down the re computation to every 10 seconds and will probably go even further down (every 20s) to save battery.<span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"> If your device is an older one or slow, try 30 sec. </span></span></span></strike><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"><b>This has been set (not user defined) to an every 5s recalculation (the same as in our published studies). </b><br /></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"><b>RR detrending method</b> - <strike>as above, I chose the strong Kalman filter for the test below. We will need to do further tests to see which gets us closest to Kubios. </strike>No longer user controlled<br /><strike></strike></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name"><span style="color: red;"><b>The RR detrending calculations may still be in flux - see my Twitter (@bjrmd) for the latest comments. </b></span><br /></span></span></span></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Results:</span></span></span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><span itemprop="name">Garmin Connect - the app does upload to your Connect IQ account, so the a1 is now on the data field list for the exercise session:</span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"></span></span></span></p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEin4tdWmiBA6RUG3MXw9EaZgk8C9hHvjg1hVFos6Xrn5xo7LkxvBTFPIrFbE-18vjw_6oCYZqTA2mjbXLDJ4evYKLsSC-Rn-9GcKCmOgeYf09pe2yuckMaVniyJj5CRJ-d4mwj0U1Gb-Eby0T0I2xIRJ_c2b5xIewnAj2B-YveBEYN-tVCGj6igJTyn=s1393" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="666" data-original-width="1393" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEin4tdWmiBA6RUG3MXw9EaZgk8C9hHvjg1hVFos6Xrn5xo7LkxvBTFPIrFbE-18vjw_6oCYZqTA2mjbXLDJ4evYKLsSC-Rn-9GcKCmOgeYf09pe2yuckMaVniyJj5CRJ-d4mwj0U1Gb-Eby0T0I2xIRJ_c2b5xIewnAj2B-YveBEYN-tVCGj6igJTyn=w640-h306" width="640" /></a><br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Yes, very cool!</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There is a listing for artifacts as well. <br /></span></li></ul><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">Accuracy:</span></span></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">With the forewarning that this app is is an early development stage (and will get better) here is a comparison to Kubios premium with "automatic" artifact detection.</span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"></span></span></span></p><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><span class="nowrap" itemprop="author" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRBIoOgO55d7uNwjZJAK9saTLCSuGsJrIFTTPgXDzOphNnzpKPPQUtDJCBrQaeatRBiIAZBqFq15-tSJr4J_FlgvWTSwIrAvVASOLDkUGawd60dx6GeojyA1QeWavgTk7ogiWTVa22mldelGJVbHcm5FPK2RdCaqgFdu2hMzbcjGhPGT7PKs0fJqC-=s3214" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1913" data-original-width="3214" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRBIoOgO55d7uNwjZJAK9saTLCSuGsJrIFTTPgXDzOphNnzpKPPQUtDJCBrQaeatRBiIAZBqFq15-tSJr4J_FlgvWTSwIrAvVASOLDkUGawd60dx6GeojyA1QeWavgTk7ogiWTVa22mldelGJVbHcm5FPK2RdCaqgFdu2hMzbcjGhPGT7PKs0fJqC-=w640-h380" width="640" /></a><span itemprop="name"></span></span></span></span><p></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors="">What we see is that the black (Garmin alpha HRV) and the red (Kubios) track remarkably well. The a1 dynamic range on this session was from 1.75 to about .25 - wide enough to get a good idea if the app fell short in under or over estimating those critical values near .75 or .5.</span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors="">Recall that Kubios used 2 minute window measurements (so 140bpm x 2 min = 280 beats) vs alpha HRV used 200 beat windows - the data points are not going to be identical. But are they close enough for meaningful conclusions?<br /></span></span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">What about artifact correction?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVf9r0OXaqdis04Y2uudltCwS2R22Z_vI16vkpDcHlwpMpxH90-t8-60d1UOJ-wYfz6V2L0XWkZBD7iQKc4C02NYCdc4maYKZWTyDusMZuYmomcwzyQ_Na8zaWkvupVMNyG83bCH7Rrdt6qJhfypRuAMXErVDTvXtO4ctQ0-yFSd2y8XuBCATP0z4f=s757" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="757" height="552" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVf9r0OXaqdis04Y2uudltCwS2R22Z_vI16vkpDcHlwpMpxH90-t8-60d1UOJ-wYfz6V2L0XWkZBD7iQKc4C02NYCdc4maYKZWTyDusMZuYmomcwzyQ_Na8zaWkvupVMNyG83bCH7Rrdt6qJhfypRuAMXErVDTvXtO4ctQ0-yFSd2y8XuBCATP0z4f=w640-h552" width="640" /> </a></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Artifacts now show in Garmin connect! </b></span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios comparison:</span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2g-mJDyo8_DkS0PJQJ60qYKnB3eK6hZWsfN-J60HeMkNSZjbjMj7azOTaFiRk7cP697bQvTpv-hcxq4q7UxDVOsQhSFnSjFPKVB1-XIreD-O5Xu7np-85sAepUd-lVMbEFyYSOHmvfLr7drxME5LVbZu4xVD93g5hp4AZDYN4VJWCfqrIGRFVPvYr=s817" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="817" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh2g-mJDyo8_DkS0PJQJ60qYKnB3eK6hZWsfN-J60HeMkNSZjbjMj7azOTaFiRk7cP697bQvTpv-hcxq4q7UxDVOsQhSFnSjFPKVB1-XIreD-O5Xu7np-85sAepUd-lVMbEFyYSOHmvfLr7drxME5LVbZu4xVD93g5hp4AZDYN4VJWCfqrIGRFVPvYr=w640-h390" width="640" /></a></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The high artifacts after the ramp were all APCs - alpha HRV had no difficulty in identification or correction. <b>13% vs 15% based on beat count vs 2 min window - near identical.</b><br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Successful implementation of artifact correction - check!<br /></span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span data-authors=""><br /></span></span><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Zoomed view of the "ramp" </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiQi40e-5tL-IZeW6OSeUveuHv2gquiN2UruUJnXEuo7vU-epzRd6Hr_6zPnGCATZ3SJRFPCm4oWFTe1r8QQ-hULdSU3iEXAJDa5tthT1klV6AG17dQ9-V1V58wS2hrS73E8JSzscG6P7_1DJmqTGqRpoiEfPr_ArRCskLIgv2lgj4IG8Um_P0e7f6S=s3214" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1913" data-original-width="3214" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiQi40e-5tL-IZeW6OSeUveuHv2gquiN2UruUJnXEuo7vU-epzRd6Hr_6zPnGCATZ3SJRFPCm4oWFTe1r8QQ-hULdSU3iEXAJDa5tthT1klV6AG17dQ9-V1V58wS2hrS73E8JSzscG6P7_1DJmqTGqRpoiEfPr_ArRCskLIgv2lgj4IG8Um_P0e7f6S=w640-h380" width="640" /></a> <br /></span><p></p><p></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The ramp data agreement looks quite solid!<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This is an amazing achievement considering the limitations on a Garmin device!</span></li><li><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Remember that Kubios is using 2 min windows and the alpha HRV app is using 200 beat windows - so they should not synch exactly.</span></b></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">That said, this is certainly "clinically" useful. I would have confidence that I was staying in zone 1 of 3 (or 2 of 5) with a1 values above .75. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For most precise threshold determination, I would still recommend Runalyze or AIEndurance if available. These options are closest to published a1 verification studies that used Kubios HRV software.<br /></span></li></ul><p></p><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Added 2/23/22</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">A friends ramp plus cycling session using <b>Ant+ for the alpha app</b>, <b>bluetooth to the Garmin device</b> for analysis into Kubios </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiePwJqIgRQHq2d5w_vmfF1xRJpR0Fim8az1njbKsh68Tp8AniSYxLZ6BuVQWPs13U-wsW-Ltij72VtSS6xHsayzidIcEtfOXsP2bNgX0yjFb78KjEhxjKJMEOQ_PtOuiMZ8haQSMUe1fkp_OYOBJSHapV0SrjLGFbR2m4cwyZr-PCsPLB0sjRChb6E=s3266" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1833" data-original-width="3266" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiePwJqIgRQHq2d5w_vmfF1xRJpR0Fim8az1njbKsh68Tp8AniSYxLZ6BuVQWPs13U-wsW-Ltij72VtSS6xHsayzidIcEtfOXsP2bNgX0yjFb78KjEhxjKJMEOQ_PtOuiMZ8haQSMUe1fkp_OYOBJSHapV0SrjLGFbR2m4cwyZr-PCsPLB0sjRChb6E=w640-h360" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4WDxjEyiz12JAMsRw_bd4ghEiwNkNn4dMTJFwn2mMouQmeaU9P2s4n-wH_B_trjynJvNnXuE4UWlyB6mTDl9Pck225-ffxfM0oVrcbj6pDW8wYJxNsn8313qP2HAMDVO8NezZLrajm374xiee8CUWabVMBCOdS15ZlHbmqgRCcCaVVtwhQmPQBsc6=s3266" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1833" data-original-width="3266" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4WDxjEyiz12JAMsRw_bd4ghEiwNkNn4dMTJFwn2mMouQmeaU9P2s4n-wH_B_trjynJvNnXuE4UWlyB6mTDl9Pck225-ffxfM0oVrcbj6pDW8wYJxNsn8313qP2HAMDVO8NezZLrajm374xiee8CUWabVMBCOdS15ZlHbmqgRCcCaVVtwhQmPQBsc6=w640-h360" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There were no appreciable artifacts seen with Ant+, agreeing with my experience above - the alphaHRV app has a higher Ant+ sample rate than the Garmin device</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkuScypqrILs2ExoFfCMXeUqJF1rCn0INHq9gHsO1i38bfSEcLswiosU3pz10qbBl9OJBOWFcyZmBVeQpMki-YFUE5vD8Z0MJ4hNyCVif0DpZ7XNT5GkGBGFbXlCo9WWM05IyeKnCMRhzpQdOftFzizHViNfOrHAi5AFWp7AgzAq_srTY1ZrHw348n=s2803" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1515" data-original-width="2803" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhkuScypqrILs2ExoFfCMXeUqJF1rCn0INHq9gHsO1i38bfSEcLswiosU3pz10qbBl9OJBOWFcyZmBVeQpMki-YFUE5vD8Z0MJ4hNyCVif0DpZ7XNT5GkGBGFbXlCo9WWM05IyeKnCMRhzpQdOftFzizHViNfOrHAi5AFWp7AgzAq_srTY1ZrHw348n=w640-h346" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />Update 4/11/22</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">It's been awhile since the last head to head test with Kubios and I thought another look could be interesting.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This was a 2 hour session combining a brief ramp, 20 minutes just below the AeT (20w less than LT1) and 2 Wingate 30s near max intervals later on (all indoors). Artifacts below 5%, Polar H10 recording, Kubios software vs alphaHRV.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzV8nt3gwXA7PR4c_dVxPBiaupHoUKJX1NIXC6uGKLiScTHV3arMrSBJBGkQORKUOVzHWKY5yp53ZPLiUUGyWmRKSCLsl0EzbXh8ro2veVRxaKdljh5Hcu9ZeWe60KtWh9KA1MhqczbDtJvoYcsGBg28ISPKXgjAcRJGfBQE9atFHSzJyBf1RhDhbX/s3091/411%20whole.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1655" data-original-width="3091" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzV8nt3gwXA7PR4c_dVxPBiaupHoUKJX1NIXC6uGKLiScTHV3arMrSBJBGkQORKUOVzHWKY5yp53ZPLiUUGyWmRKSCLsl0EzbXh8ro2veVRxaKdljh5Hcu9ZeWe60KtWh9KA1MhqczbDtJvoYcsGBg28ISPKXgjAcRJGfBQE9atFHSzJyBf1RhDhbX/w640-h342/411%20whole.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Zoomed view of the 20 minute stable zone 2 of 5 (high zone 1 of 3):</span><p></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO5Pwq5-98oCC9NLcu2Sqwj9cSIb5g7wWbCQvqYDdCwq29VGniLc6xqFj3EiX_Y5-uhaI9QeCkwpW17FRzXNK1rFNDhEqo8tq4_BIYFTZn1K_B8iJhEaJ7ut4zE0e929e_43uFZb4LdE9Pmiddxk5tXof1bXgSBik3nxJzJToBUbjxchNelV2zg6kb/s3091/20%20min%20aet.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1655" data-original-width="3091" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO5Pwq5-98oCC9NLcu2Sqwj9cSIb5g7wWbCQvqYDdCwq29VGniLc6xqFj3EiX_Y5-uhaI9QeCkwpW17FRzXNK1rFNDhEqo8tq4_BIYFTZn1K_B8iJhEaJ7ut4zE0e929e_43uFZb4LdE9Pmiddxk5tXof1bXgSBik3nxJzJToBUbjxchNelV2zg6kb/w640-h342/20%20min%20aet.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Really impressive matching with Kubios despite the difference in window length (2 minutes vs 200 beats) and different detrending methodology.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Certainly would be of use for proper zone enforcement for low-moderate intensity days.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Update 10/23 - key new findings:<br /></span></p><ul><li><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/06/combining-nirs-and-dfa-a1-for-critical.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Combining NIRS and DFA a1 for critical intensity estimation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/01/a-new-paradigm-for-intensity-thresholds.html" target="_blank">A new paradigm for Intensity thresholds - combining surrogate markers</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html">Ramp slope and HRV thresholds</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><br /></p><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Hats off to the developers for making the first DFA a1 native data field for Garmin devices (you guys should be proud). This brings DFA a1 monitoring during dynamic exercise for intensity assessment, training management, zone identification, readiness and durability to a large portion of Garmin users.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Initial test results are very promising and further exploration is certainly needed. The Detrending method is different than Kubios, but appears to capture the data value direction and range. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Ant+ transmission difficulty appears to be Garmin software specific - alternate Ant+ acquisition using max sample rate allowed gives excellent results. My recommendation is to use Ant+ to the alphaHRV app and bluetooth to Garmin.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Clinically meaningful decisions about thresholds, readiness and durability/fatigue appear to be possible with this app.<br /></span></li></ul><p><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></font></span> </li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/rapid-hrvt-graphing-and-interpretation.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Rapid HRVT graphing and interpretation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/atrial-fibrillation-warning-signs-from.html">Atrial fibrillation - warning signs from chest belt recordings</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/12/a-tale-of-2-hrvs-afib-vs-noise.html"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A tale of 2 HRVs - afib vs noise </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/02/hrvt-validation-in-elite-triathletes.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRVT validation in Elite Triathletes </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/05/dfa-a1-review-and-update-frontiers-2022.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">New - Review in Frontiers in Physiology </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> <br /></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/04/the-dfa-a1-app-matrix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">The DFA a1 App Matrix </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span> <br /></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/08/fitness-dashboard-review-a1-and-more.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Fitness Dashboard - initial review </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html" target="_blank">Ramp slope and HRV a1 thresholds - does it matter?</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><br /><br /><br /><br />BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com19tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-32520512851164627052022-01-08T12:13:00.006-08:002022-03-29T09:30:21.764-07:00Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <b>See also <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/03/more-pitfalls-in-hrm-belt-position.html">this </a>for another example</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although already discussed in a <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html">previous post</a>, a recent series of examples have come to my attention illustrating the importance and need for ECG wave inspection in cases where DFA a1 does not behave as it should. In the cited post, I spoke about the importance of sharp, high signal to noise ratio R peaks. Since measuring "correlation properties" of HRV, AKA, DFA a1 requires exact recognition of beat to beat patterns, sub optimal precision of the RR interval will be a problem in recognition. Please read though that post first.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's look at a few new examples then some recommendations.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">First is from a participant in one of our studies who was wearing both an H10 and Movesense ECG during a session, cycling near the AeT. We were analyzing the HRV and noted that the a1 appeared way too low for the intensity performed. I then took a look at the ECG waveform since we had the Movesense data. Here it is:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw1Jw7A56sj-dy6KYKevQAnLMb4kFrYzDn7LmQYvhfvNL-6S6fTwBw9lw2UgZaR0greInsLdoBnvid4CtjpfIffIOr0bhkxxE5LVg52xQgi992V2BZEhijtcA5fYxlCZr32iG25jyieDFWgdtoTtMK1fWYLRIiXL49WCzMYeDIqg4TR7UVPKYXKDy3=s2600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="232" data-original-width="491" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw1Jw7A56sj-dy6KYKevQAnLMb4kFrYzDn7LmQYvhfvNL-6S6fTwBw9lw2UgZaR0greInsLdoBnvid4CtjpfIffIOr0bhkxxE5LVg52xQgi992V2BZEhijtcA5fYxlCZr32iG25jyieDFWgdtoTtMK1fWYLRIiXL49WCzMYeDIqg4TR7UVPKYXKDy3=w640-h302" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The bulk of the signal voltage was negative! You would think that Kubios would auto invert this (especially since that was chosen in the preferences) but it does not.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I re imported the data with "reversed polarity" and here is what it looked like:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8F3A29us5mc9QWv2CZkftBjWAoQGSAsjZ7DXWAeDTyeKPDipnUgaSWbu7gcmseX0ypM5jGJae94w2iMigJTgqMd8IGxoeZLqx-BfqbdrNJjBkd8lxQSs8mE42p6xWCcMbpsdjZRSGP74iBgrKDY0mtaVqND-Ms4uC-m_NF2_8TdLgNHGVBF-YipWN=s2600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="446" height="322" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8F3A29us5mc9QWv2CZkftBjWAoQGSAsjZ7DXWAeDTyeKPDipnUgaSWbu7gcmseX0ypM5jGJae94w2iMigJTgqMd8IGxoeZLqx-BfqbdrNJjBkd8lxQSs8mE42p6xWCcMbpsdjZRSGP74iBgrKDY0mtaVqND-Ms4uC-m_NF2_8TdLgNHGVBF-YipWN=w640-h322" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Does this make a difference with DFA a1?</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is a plot of the identical ECG (standard and inverted) and the simultaneous Polar H10 RR series:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQjZIfDWAMzcUyQCwRJaIawV3E6LHhNU6CY7leGbf767be7hS16y8ubK7LSldomuX3ld-rr3205YTKoGdCgc0X1XMYCHScUPayE3rjGRIKIysvEjVEM-Ak_JPCyll2S5YaZZxqQuPOYaAEUoD5dE2LSL_ngJPv_Mxt9qm8ubDl8GRkOlgNOz_i8RHw=s2989" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1845" data-original-width="2989" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhQjZIfDWAMzcUyQCwRJaIawV3E6LHhNU6CY7leGbf767be7hS16y8ubK7LSldomuX3ld-rr3205YTKoGdCgc0X1XMYCHScUPayE3rjGRIKIysvEjVEM-Ak_JPCyll2S5YaZZxqQuPOYaAEUoD5dE2LSL_ngJPv_Mxt9qm8ubDl8GRkOlgNOz_i8RHw=w640-h396" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Both the standard ECG and H10</b> derived a1 data run low, but the <b>inverted ECG</b> (which is identical to the standard ECG, just reversed polarity) runs higher, near where it should be.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This illustrates several points:</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios auto polarity selection does not work as it should.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The Polar H10 does not have the ability to auto sense optimal polarity - we will need to do this ourselves!</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Simple signal inversion (polarity reversal) can lead to substantial a1 changes.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>How often does this situation occur?</b> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I simply don't know. However, here are another couple of cases I've seen. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>One of my blog readers noted low a1 at low cycling intensity</b>. Here is the Polar H10 waveform recorded from Fatmaxxer:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEib9P6nqSJNlvbssoFWEeIivdV-7lMpCQURWi4ovDxNrFGZYYh42CKjCUzrtSHFSA7q01bqiCH8pK7TUejOiru3-kqpcFxQMXOQxEmy9y5E9N7R9pAzdoV6wMQhF3RJmhK-coi_EwCU3-8sEltSlFL0y9RzM2Stzp6f5iC7Eru5yV1oD4em76aqh6F7=s1325" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="228" data-original-width="1325" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEib9P6nqSJNlvbssoFWEeIivdV-7lMpCQURWi4ovDxNrFGZYYh42CKjCUzrtSHFSA7q01bqiCH8pK7TUejOiru3-kqpcFxQMXOQxEmy9y5E9N7R9pAzdoV6wMQhF3RJmhK-coi_EwCU3-8sEltSlFL0y9RzM2Stzp6f5iC7Eru5yV1oD4em76aqh6F7=w640-h110" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj54OD2eRxwCXNEo9Y56bvU1_K5S9vyCVpVwWRrP_gTql00cVU-kz_tkVZFFYRIlmFzqQeTBXFbM8N1Gvh8qT41riK8rZ3jBSdgpvxGC8j8Klqdgb3egU-rB7ktF4cIf-A0cE8uES4I1Mn8OKl5EYjMK6rMB-1E-YswoPRjsKFHnDz0KPPUJvkqwnEQ=s1313" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="1313" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj54OD2eRxwCXNEo9Y56bvU1_K5S9vyCVpVwWRrP_gTql00cVU-kz_tkVZFFYRIlmFzqQeTBXFbM8N1Gvh8qT41riK8rZ3jBSdgpvxGC8j8Klqdgb3egU-rB7ktF4cIf-A0cE8uES4I1Mn8OKl5EYjMK6rMB-1E-YswoPRjsKFHnDz0KPPUJvkqwnEQ=w640-h120" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both samples show very low relative R peaks with most of the signal in the negative range.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The second tracing has the R peak on the wrong segment of the QRS. <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The H10 was inverted (Polar logo upside down) with the module centered (at the sternal notch). An additional test of 1 inch left placement was also compared:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9rg3XqJnuRI1ole_D8XHqYcLn2MczQ_Co8LvD8Jv4DX5ocfFs_OrmzTWr0XuUPpfsbkvFce1N3AMWlK-Ml5_GgVqkAoO1z9cf7Ev_e7e8cj55TkHTGjXPMseiFrInS7m-VDcDhP4WPRuvdowEy1sJ6w_5SDkxgGwJYT8-n3coPDt9JwoBqPpUIhgk=s1028" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="1028" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9rg3XqJnuRI1ole_D8XHqYcLn2MczQ_Co8LvD8Jv4DX5ocfFs_OrmzTWr0XuUPpfsbkvFce1N3AMWlK-Ml5_GgVqkAoO1z9cf7Ev_e7e8cj55TkHTGjXPMseiFrInS7m-VDcDhP4WPRuvdowEy1sJ6w_5SDkxgGwJYT8-n3coPDt9JwoBqPpUIhgk=w640-h138" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZqFKjFiLsvQ-w1nYPsIu3IdhI19D1KwOazg_GnDgO0EK17cewTrD-fgCoG54EO1aRUSn17yWSQkRdOJasbu91QTLsI-IM2jxFrwPAN0MPZ1-2FK0oM52Hw8kwFdC3EXND_RzoS4YS-ck5buqk22kojoqE8Gt4ce05ZPrq-JkG0Jgvx2BwP7KChDe_=s1187" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="243" data-original-width="1187" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiZqFKjFiLsvQ-w1nYPsIu3IdhI19D1KwOazg_GnDgO0EK17cewTrD-fgCoG54EO1aRUSn17yWSQkRdOJasbu91QTLsI-IM2jxFrwPAN0MPZ1-2FK0oM52Hw8kwFdC3EXND_RzoS4YS-ck5buqk22kojoqE8Gt4ce05ZPrq-JkG0Jgvx2BwP7KChDe_=w640-h132" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We now have a dominant positive voltage with better R peaks (either is ok). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Repeat ramp and a1 measurements are pending for this individual.</span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Next Example</b> - a friend and cycling coach who noted many artifacts in the RR series during high intensity. When H10 was recorded with the Polar logger app, the R peaks were low and Kubios was having trouble deciphering signal to noise:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhvqZDJf2eFqBUXcJDEgbxtIZLcfoRHWteqblNJtyCRM4Y7QZpANWqz1j8Ylzeu1e3FXmsbu64LHwYQbVvwZ9Uyze8KE9KE19k-_EdNFF2Ts-mbMY0_iRkt5wyec7SnPNdjHABwnu94q8vn0ind191idg20xzx_Ms61jXPA8k5q6L2Qcd0m6fcgBdtW=s1327" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="1327" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhvqZDJf2eFqBUXcJDEgbxtIZLcfoRHWteqblNJtyCRM4Y7QZpANWqz1j8Ylzeu1e3FXmsbu64LHwYQbVvwZ9Uyze8KE9KE19k-_EdNFF2Ts-mbMY0_iRkt5wyec7SnPNdjHABwnu94q8vn0ind191idg20xzx_Ms61jXPA8k5q6L2Qcd0m6fcgBdtW=w640-h242" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">During high intensity, the chest/muscle motion related noise is overwhelming the mediocre ECG signal, producing artifact:</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhus0IytwiTOPP151E4_xWFscSmUyavTl3FJJtLtjxBnTDMJAXFbT-H-9xqJ6ea7_WUNmjeG_nMid8hMbGa1DyWBffv_Y5-4yBFz6Cu1uCXbQvjOvpBDR3EvyKP78ge9dFvPExLoEcRTYDzCyfM65ZADVd-TsvM2QRPzCLSR3y9dGnuc8JKcOU46j4z=s1332" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="1332" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhus0IytwiTOPP151E4_xWFscSmUyavTl3FJJtLtjxBnTDMJAXFbT-H-9xqJ6ea7_WUNmjeG_nMid8hMbGa1DyWBffv_Y5-4yBFz6Cu1uCXbQvjOvpBDR3EvyKP78ge9dFvPExLoEcRTYDzCyfM65ZADVd-TsvM2QRPzCLSR3y9dGnuc8JKcOU46j4z=w640-h250" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Moving the module about 1 inch left wasn't enough for best signal (good but not great):</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJ_nuGOkS8qygHD9W0wxYz8nLjn0ON5qPmQuIGWeOD2UNHb7oumOdg2Cq-gKf5A5YB0rYEtXcYz3bftKMqWqnVi_rSIepbXmVcbN6ZcFUy8ixTVIzFTnkhT9uGADdOCq1xVOWWjL3UbODmHX-gA_w7Hk-nWM_nw8-uFUT_Z48QJxEjN3d1ueVppofE=s818" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="818" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJ_nuGOkS8qygHD9W0wxYz8nLjn0ON5qPmQuIGWeOD2UNHb7oumOdg2Cq-gKf5A5YB0rYEtXcYz3bftKMqWqnVi_rSIepbXmVcbN6ZcFUy8ixTVIzFTnkhT9uGADdOCq1xVOWWjL3UbODmHX-gA_w7Hk-nWM_nw8-uFUT_Z48QJxEjN3d1ueVppofE=w640-h196" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">However, The module placed at the level of the left nipple gave us twice the original voltage:</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVAUgmYMC9Y1YB13GafT0xNrNSD-bWD4bLbVfFrQ8nAEeXyfNg1G5UaV0_NS6vma52VgruxaIC6mTv0TukRxQqNiTdZf9XLAaEBxF47y9lN8zu_1_lEcaTpUj87lvAQdgfKOyspd04iUJRc1gQclL6vRAUIV2LlcOtspPvFHQCmwlTayhRf0z2v6VD=s1317" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="1317" height="126" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjVAUgmYMC9Y1YB13GafT0xNrNSD-bWD4bLbVfFrQ8nAEeXyfNg1G5UaV0_NS6vma52VgruxaIC6mTv0TukRxQqNiTdZf9XLAaEBxF47y9lN8zu_1_lEcaTpUj87lvAQdgfKOyspd04iUJRc1gQclL6vRAUIV2LlcOtspPvFHQCmwlTayhRf0z2v6VD=w640-h126" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">End result - Best voltage so far and now we see visible P waves (red) - this is where I recommended he keep it.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Takeaways so far: </span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">DFA a1 calculation can alter depending on signal strength, waveform shape.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Module/belt position can affect a1 measurement greatly.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It's possible to do this yourself (next part).</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">How to optimize signal and waveform:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">You will either need Fatmaxxer (free, android) or <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/ecg-ekg-recorder-for-polar-h10/id1541497051">this app</a> for iOS. There may be other options for the PC as well.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Use cream or gel on the H10 sensor pads</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Try module centered with Polar logo right side up (default position).<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html">Analyze the wave</a> - if it looks good (R peak sharp with minimal negative waveform) you are probably good to go. </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyCtN5UDOqud78wYBjdfZ-_4mabduWZu3QFqGE3H1SyjkAwJCdKe-pNAcnAAtYx9nRIPXsXXx1ArS5dOfAVAxEzBkPcz9DW6WezWpi2JGprqHZIcuI8yA9wHTN0_v0HmP0TSSRVC0SnzHsAbpXuFI1I7PXF5hcYLEmuCCnYYAy6pQaKpHakY-Bsq3n=s245" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="245" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyCtN5UDOqud78wYBjdfZ-_4mabduWZu3QFqGE3H1SyjkAwJCdKe-pNAcnAAtYx9nRIPXsXXx1ArS5dOfAVAxEzBkPcz9DW6WezWpi2JGprqHZIcuI8yA9wHTN0_v0HmP0TSSRVC0SnzHsAbpXuFI1I7PXF5hcYLEmuCCnYYAy6pQaKpHakY-Bsq3n" width="245" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">If the negative part of the wave is greater than the positive - try just inverting the module.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiJakWyKcBWqtcmk8OjhXEQzGGwYYvBBffXnunuMduCzjFsWQDL9_Q_CO_F5fC98y3ZcSg825Z7Z1U4rLY5TGdhZYOJ1R61ZrbgV9dcmsGAfHQdl1QKG56_ijN5qZQnSX4qf_8b0V1EBkmM2IBE5jyNLJClOECti7N49hn0jxrSD-N60qU4WHeTdZhZ=s1313" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="1313" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiJakWyKcBWqtcmk8OjhXEQzGGwYYvBBffXnunuMduCzjFsWQDL9_Q_CO_F5fC98y3ZcSg825Z7Z1U4rLY5TGdhZYOJ1R61ZrbgV9dcmsGAfHQdl1QKG56_ijN5qZQnSX4qf_8b0V1EBkmM2IBE5jyNLJClOECti7N49hn0jxrSD-N60qU4WHeTdZhZ=w640-h120" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Repeat analysis (after inversion).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Optional - move the module 1 inch at a time to the left, potentially as far as the nipple and measure the waveform at each site.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Compare all measurements and find the best choice for you.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">A walk through example:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">An individual with a mediocre looking "standard" Polar belt waveform.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Standard/centered:</span></b></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjz4U71Wn_4_7v-FAAmjZ9cQ5dMk1E9qKqcLuSzKYLvgajcfg_hWYW8VLgbBru-NJ5MQl96O8D-sTwyJdCwYcFhcNmi5TFJegIFf201dH6pALVW9XdVxVb-1DP5G61JfcznaFuSVAl2ScLJCIAvnDf01SE8dwGd0aannV0GrCJkhXnmAv1gnvUK-8e=s371" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="371" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgjz4U71Wn_4_7v-FAAmjZ9cQ5dMk1E9qKqcLuSzKYLvgajcfg_hWYW8VLgbBru-NJ5MQl96O8D-sTwyJdCwYcFhcNmi5TFJegIFf201dH6pALVW9XdVxVb-1DP5G61JfcznaFuSVAl2ScLJCIAvnDf01SE8dwGd0aannV0GrCJkhXnmAv1gnvUK-8e=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Not bad, but negative signal>positive signal, can we do better?</span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Inverted module/centered:</span></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKwF-RxUewRTe4Sc6Qj8q56VfIQlEkwLsCdNou6NEtqmHS3CvT7ivVWqiBHxTTrIF_BQPLZhTmJdL40FnMkB88OJSnaOCRYZEfF-bZQ2od3UPG_6gR_7GP3JR-ZCjQSd74n05yFackdLfjg4OBFiViahNJy7MvLD_ryCaOoPM9A7iHY-pBlszII8vH=s391" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="391" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKwF-RxUewRTe4Sc6Qj8q56VfIQlEkwLsCdNou6NEtqmHS3CvT7ivVWqiBHxTTrIF_BQPLZhTmJdL40FnMkB88OJSnaOCRYZEfF-bZQ2od3UPG_6gR_7GP3JR-ZCjQSd74n05yFackdLfjg4OBFiViahNJy7MvLD_ryCaOoPM9A7iHY-pBlszII8vH=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">As expected, the mirror opposite as above. Slightly better?</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Standard module (not inverted)/1 inch to the left of center:</span></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgDDZBO4aqRp2mJv5ab00cX8V1U5nhNMrv7VXrpnmAmvMwWdY5UFW87RON66h7g1vrQD4WJl6x42s2wIAeaGZSCSP_py5GYuWhJLJqGpFTUqxDRqn9soPx4C5IG5dgdp91VRZSRUh2dWEietn1DSUvHkS6l04f_5-QoypYG_sJ4yEaPj9QsAe2TE_t0=s405" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="218" data-original-width="405" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgDDZBO4aqRp2mJv5ab00cX8V1U5nhNMrv7VXrpnmAmvMwWdY5UFW87RON66h7g1vrQD4WJl6x42s2wIAeaGZSCSP_py5GYuWhJLJqGpFTUqxDRqn9soPx4C5IG5dgdp91VRZSRUh2dWEietn1DSUvHkS6l04f_5-QoypYG_sJ4yEaPj9QsAe2TE_t0=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Looking better than center.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Standard module/2 inch to the left of center:</span></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgF-livf9Lx7wKninap7k3upupk6MEG4WdddXBK3zKLz1eNDcEMqat64J_mQOZtsGFu_yRjAxqGNtm3uaGHQx5poqRgdYLjiw8_t3dy4Bew7qgrAa27uewkf9_bCYkUz00774oIMUBEy6_gBXTkFdYSldirS5TAj7ljn47UKEi2EcSM4LvwbX_H-Vu8=s420" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="420" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgF-livf9Lx7wKninap7k3upupk6MEG4WdddXBK3zKLz1eNDcEMqat64J_mQOZtsGFu_yRjAxqGNtm3uaGHQx5poqRgdYLjiw8_t3dy4Bew7qgrAa27uewkf9_bCYkUz00774oIMUBEy6_gBXTkFdYSldirS5TAj7ljn47UKEi2EcSM4LvwbX_H-Vu8=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Success! Normal looking QRS, best positive voltage!</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">As expected, the inverted module/2 inch left has poor positive signal (since it's now inverted):</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_z7ZYpG9hHt7A3ce3WZU3xjkU2Src3l1eUqrQKd8y6GcltsXmDOd3c1vyUo4N9sR-DLCphFtQCt3AAwHhqfbcDvXY8Ti4CLHrj6gKgAYb1GWNBMbRNTvDEJWITJUOA6kmy5X_5S1tud5fX3AAJU8DccJ043sBze3weHkk-rzPq36M-3SHRBHeyoCV=s371" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="371" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_z7ZYpG9hHt7A3ce3WZU3xjkU2Src3l1eUqrQKd8y6GcltsXmDOd3c1vyUo4N9sR-DLCphFtQCt3AAwHhqfbcDvXY8Ti4CLHrj6gKgAYb1GWNBMbRNTvDEJWITJUOA6kmy5X_5S1tud5fX3AAJU8DccJ043sBze3weHkk-rzPq36M-3SHRBHeyoCV=s320" width="320" /></a></div> <p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Conclusion - moving the module 2 inch Left yields the best QRS waveform and signal strength </span></b><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What does Polar have to say?</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3K2xFtfujRQdj4xpPkGopGERzghcQm2hiFEkRuOZBCxsZZZM84JCw6I6AKQQoZjxsXr7iRWlcDM0ItLE7T79L6EmqKpfHCv1BY63tQtxpf_Aj0GkQLDXXU7ScR2IT_ci4DT9etRh4N_Su5R2Iil8nnj364P7TvqRWCk1SQ7J3neeaGXLcuNNx1ZMe/s1216/polar%20logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1216" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3K2xFtfujRQdj4xpPkGopGERzghcQm2hiFEkRuOZBCxsZZZM84JCw6I6AKQQoZjxsXr7iRWlcDM0ItLE7T79L6EmqKpfHCv1BY63tQtxpf_Aj0GkQLDXXU7ScR2IT_ci4DT9etRh4N_Su5R2Iil8nnj364P7TvqRWCk1SQ7J3neeaGXLcuNNx1ZMe/w640-h440/polar%20logo.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Yes, they recognize it also.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Addendum:</span></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The developer of Fatmaxxer has graciously <b>added a feature to help us decide on optimum signal strength without the need to graph out the ECG</b>. The peak R voltage is now displayed (see below in red circle) beat to beat. This is accurate as long as noise is not present. My recommendation would be to try various belt positions at rest, wait several seconds for the signal to stabilize, then note the voltage. If you are seeing artifacts detected, that could be a sign of more noise or signal distortion (so wait for no artifacts). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Find the best voltage and then monitor it as you exercise. It should not change very much. If you are interested, a visual approach is still the best IMO, but this gives us a quick, accurate option. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">What are good voltages?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In my experience try to aim for above 1000 uV. If you are seeing <500, chances are that the HRV and even HR may not be captured properly.<br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgENTgUB7pm0F1v4RV0f8DWDh0gsnukNOnM2KSeDdf9XJJWRPxWne95kvEHBNwH4bq-YebetSDaMCdgiiaDM2V1s96tiAs-BLOO5N9v8TrImJZ_IqklKooiCFaizTYhrrlKokPK8KPR1Z5wY_FbtUcBUxz6DJ2YoFyXi3xcuQmjAhB6pI-pmQiqNHBY=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="618" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgENTgUB7pm0F1v4RV0f8DWDh0gsnukNOnM2KSeDdf9XJJWRPxWne95kvEHBNwH4bq-YebetSDaMCdgiiaDM2V1s96tiAs-BLOO5N9v8TrImJZ_IqklKooiCFaizTYhrrlKokPK8KPR1Z5wY_FbtUcBUxz6DJ2YoFyXi3xcuQmjAhB6pI-pmQiqNHBY=w386-h400" width="386" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4ygV1wE5z0oW07JHqYTOANbxtgwODRsP5DwMh24vtZnSljQD6VqQemAgrV4sf_wGGFuA0KVzbb-v9tYQXqGmk0RM2vDStn6pL6LLGhOj6tXUz9BkiRdA8MPMpQevswS36ZB-0evjT8UNQ368WMrtIvQ4mPDo9mC8cWdHLd5HghuITNwoG6zeym2ti=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="631" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh4ygV1wE5z0oW07JHqYTOANbxtgwODRsP5DwMh24vtZnSljQD6VqQemAgrV4sf_wGGFuA0KVzbb-v9tYQXqGmk0RM2vDStn6pL6LLGhOj6tXUz9BkiRdA8MPMpQevswS36ZB-0evjT8UNQ368WMrtIvQ4mPDo9mC8cWdHLd5HghuITNwoG6zeym2ti=w632-h640" width="632" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Further comments and examples will be added and this post amended.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-70073079867984390472021-12-18T11:16:00.007-08:002021-12-18T11:34:18.167-08:00A tale of 2 HRVs - afib vs noise<p><span style="font-family: arial;">In the last post I presented some facts and concerns about a potentially fatal arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation. This past week I was asked to look over some HRV records that contained high levels of artifact to see if any data could be salvaged. They each represent perfect examples of both the importance of proper "noise"/artifact diagnosis as well as the need for concurrent ECG recording (at least through the "noise" or artifact areas). These examples come from a group of young, fit triathletes, all with very good VO2 max tests and no medical history.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Case 1:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios plot of RRs recorded with Polar H10, during exercise at 90% VT1 power cycling:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhBxhncsUIADWGQjYqmTtDaEehygybIw2lUbfwk3Cazye7zCGoWOh3ElVLs4h91y1uM5JpMyLIOoS7TKl1-Z1tCAr6VRQ_XsTTL4eoFtCwEC22vldkCiTHJNwODLx232gQDx55rjR37_K973iF7e9oPaF3ngYEwzrHm5jW5x7xl_xzqWA1omnjf0R9o=s1571" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="1571" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhBxhncsUIADWGQjYqmTtDaEehygybIw2lUbfwk3Cazye7zCGoWOh3ElVLs4h91y1uM5JpMyLIOoS7TKl1-Z1tCAr6VRQ_XsTTL4eoFtCwEC22vldkCiTHJNwODLx232gQDx55rjR37_K973iF7e9oPaF3ngYEwzrHm5jW5x7xl_xzqWA1omnjf0R9o=w640-h208" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We see that the artifact % is above 70% and the HR/RR are literally all over the map.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Is this noise, poor belt contact or some dangerous arrhythmia?</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is the Movesense ECG (512 Hz) recorded concurrently:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqtTNuBN26aPa_a8QTotX0lPaOU5LMUDSI36RTvarqquR5MhXhjC9t6DURIhy1u5EXZF-tzYVuQc9wkKJHLw8VXgKe9305wibh7tKBfYknb24WBsY8-OJrQ21l9ayNh2-FcE56U6dSAp2Hyu3sHwZ0KNV5t40h-Q_hMTygYLnXzOJKz4TH9nCGtIOW=s1580" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="535" data-original-width="1580" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqtTNuBN26aPa_a8QTotX0lPaOU5LMUDSI36RTvarqquR5MhXhjC9t6DURIhy1u5EXZF-tzYVuQc9wkKJHLw8VXgKe9305wibh7tKBfYknb24WBsY8-OJrQ21l9ayNh2-FcE56U6dSAp2Hyu3sHwZ0KNV5t40h-Q_hMTygYLnXzOJKz4TH9nCGtIOW=w640-h216" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It's perfect - no artifacts, arrhythmia and not even a single APC.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Obviously the H10 recording was at fault with some technical glitch or poor skin contact.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Case B (40 yo with VO2 max 51 ml/kg/min):</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Kubios plot of RRs recorded with Polar H10 on two separate test recordings, same intensity as above:</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkWQHIA7b9PesQ_ScJctHXhdot80YoZRWv9DuiWZfbiuHhXzg014gvhIumCTabWwabZUbXSLwVsvbqTS_ZyN7DtsF2SKLZmVdhh7uQ-psaz9KJQUyfTPDDBmheFtvvj2vfE-blVrNS99ZoaajN8SkDp9OdIs3wm0M9uIPmYlPlLUqwF2jx6kFKsPHH=s1587" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="1587" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjkWQHIA7b9PesQ_ScJctHXhdot80YoZRWv9DuiWZfbiuHhXzg014gvhIumCTabWwabZUbXSLwVsvbqTS_ZyN7DtsF2SKLZmVdhh7uQ-psaz9KJQUyfTPDDBmheFtvvj2vfE-blVrNS99ZoaajN8SkDp9OdIs3wm0M9uIPmYlPlLUqwF2jx6kFKsPHH=w640-h220" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRNSLVzm7NdtgCBRpD9k3NCgqkiktAWmO9uEEJJigRplgJS1G6mX4i-9Ywynp-iaTrlWjTUsCsFPUbUnb0lBCETAzyia_54G2uA1_kQvNs-O4he8uz0mHfBk62Vn4tjW56YIOoa287T-hJ_H2Fe5dSYT1hMOdsdZI41YNfE8rxHKvGoFsdbdPP2nz9=s1582" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="1582" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRNSLVzm7NdtgCBRpD9k3NCgqkiktAWmO9uEEJJigRplgJS1G6mX4i-9Ywynp-iaTrlWjTUsCsFPUbUnb0lBCETAzyia_54G2uA1_kQvNs-O4he8uz0mHfBk62Vn4tjW56YIOoa287T-hJ_H2Fe5dSYT1hMOdsdZI41YNfE8rxHKvGoFsdbdPP2nz9=w640-h212" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Artifacts above 50% in both!</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Same question - what is the underlying cause? <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Movesense ECG:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRAInAI5qEUSz9fFNWWm1Ipez5hfcS4anVvL6YENRhEwLEYE3LZvOcecGWZCdhqVZsuC4EYB5mz9yjX_S-fUVSbiY92YeiY2mfEUBex9PuxntXF2XcooQjQ19FSnX8VDBdLhPCRjxtjVy5qJYGLB0H70Q6SyL3qLNxTqbpI2jh-hrCMeMpHRxSuU7r=s1576" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="537" data-original-width="1576" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiRAInAI5qEUSz9fFNWWm1Ipez5hfcS4anVvL6YENRhEwLEYE3LZvOcecGWZCdhqVZsuC4EYB5mz9yjX_S-fUVSbiY92YeiY2mfEUBex9PuxntXF2XcooQjQ19FSnX8VDBdLhPCRjxtjVy5qJYGLB0H70Q6SyL3qLNxTqbpI2jh-hrCMeMpHRxSuU7r=w640-h218" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">No visible P waves</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Irregular QRS, chaotic pattern, some pauses.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This is a 45 second ECG strip ran at 25mm/sec - a standard speed for electrocardiography:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEB8OqgEPRaAw2463qNgGFKT8iRMu2lkWrm-80sv_vfXinS4KDNrWkBexY-57TEy73RmpzvAQo80Ojaf8Zxxse4FlaHOi80iiFJoirNH-KivuH8zz2yuFIoI3CjsiV0mwqtOxcOzX9RB91DTojBToqqt2XVOfmcVqjFNxreRH8DS21HHGFOv4YDzpB=s1195" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="987" data-original-width="1195" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEB8OqgEPRaAw2463qNgGFKT8iRMu2lkWrm-80sv_vfXinS4KDNrWkBexY-57TEy73RmpzvAQo80Ojaf8Zxxse4FlaHOi80iiFJoirNH-KivuH8zz2yuFIoI3CjsiV0mwqtOxcOzX9RB91DTojBToqqt2XVOfmcVqjFNxreRH8DS21HHGFOv4YDzpB=w640-h528" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I sent this to a friend and colleague who is <a href="http://ekgpress.blogspot.com/">an expert in ECG interpretation</a> for review. He felt this was most consistent with atrial fibrillation based on the chaotic, random pattern of QRS complexes and lack of noticeable P waves. Since it's only a single lead, the differential diagnosis still includes short runs of multiple APCs, or irregular SVT. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The bottom line being the first case representing a noisy recording with no medical pathology and the second corresponding to a pathologic condition with major health consequences. This is not as unusual as one might think. In our first DFA a1 validation study, we had to exclude one participant because of atrial trigeminy (APC, normal, normal and repeats with APC...). </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Take home lesson - if you see substantial artifacts (with bluetooth), this may or may not be "just a poor connection" or motion noise. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The Movesense ECG is a fantastic dedicated device to detect this type of problem, but let's not forget that using the Polar H10, <b><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html">Fatmaxxer will take an ECG snip </a>of any artifacts detected and this can be viewed in Excel. Kubios or other software.</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-20426775761313241932021-09-16T11:28:00.004-07:002021-12-18T11:18:51.142-08:00Atrial fibrillation - warning signs from chest belt recordings<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx-l5MUvy-7fW-r5TEguWY-bGXlT_63iWlIlT0vhnQAp1sJjLhxuT2UiEnnaNKcBRtjfl9w0-ZKQWEyL4UfVMikA8aPGqth1-2Zbdc7gB0tcAGWL-rznJZyXfuAgZ3lQlkElshQoicgks/s640/SmartSelect_20210916-130326_Samsung+Internet+Beta.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="585" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx-l5MUvy-7fW-r5TEguWY-bGXlT_63iWlIlT0vhnQAp1sJjLhxuT2UiEnnaNKcBRtjfl9w0-ZKQWEyL4UfVMikA8aPGqth1-2Zbdc7gB0tcAGWL-rznJZyXfuAgZ3lQlkElshQoicgks/s320/SmartSelect_20210916-130326_Samsung+Internet+Beta.gif" width="293" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/12/a-tale-of-2-hrvs-afib-vs-noise.html">Part 2</a> - An example<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I've been putting off writing this post for some time for several reasons. One, the subject matter is complex and usually requires a knowledge of both physiology and medicine. The other problem is that I don't know if I could do the subject "justice" in a single post. However, after some additional thought, I decided to go ahead since an education about cardiac arrhythmia and single lead ECG interpretation could potentially help prevent some life changing events. In conjunction with this post, please read these as well:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/06/movesense-medical-ecg-review.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Movesense HR+ and Medical ECG review </span></a></font></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/polar-h10-ecg-tracing-short-how-to-guide.html"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Polar H10 ECG tracing - a short how to guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></a></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips</span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></font></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">So here goes:<br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">The problem:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4CcabVw6KxWKEo8LVmPkRa-XwsQx7XxBJuXOVn2Tk0-QGL60r8UieIDlCVkHKjk-9Y6ii7MpvG9lsec98jnBcnXtU-0e_fpDSv1Io8r0q-YTaKs_9gADRdphuv527IhEt-YnoPykbR_Y/s1200/MSSE+pict.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="1200" height="122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4CcabVw6KxWKEo8LVmPkRa-XwsQx7XxBJuXOVn2Tk0-QGL60r8UieIDlCVkHKjk-9Y6ii7MpvG9lsec98jnBcnXtU-0e_fpDSv1Io8r0q-YTaKs_9gADRdphuv527IhEt-YnoPykbR_Y/w400-h122/MSSE+pict.jpeg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"> (Taken from <a href="https://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/Fulltext/2020/03000/Master_Endurance_Athletes_and_Cardiovascular.7.aspx/">this review</a>)</span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Even though there are innumerable health benefits from long standing endurance exercise there are also some consequences. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The one we will address in this post centers around the risk of atrial fibrillation.</span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">What is the magnitude of the problem? </span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is a good review of the etiology, risk factors and theory:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCXiB4dRkHbNjDUrJQJJUpBVfNQKghIkM7a5VUgETrVCQ9VAOaiccCk7fhZ0aPmvigt2_Z9gavoi5GJAJi5j08p5OSK60P-B92prDu2_LDVejEf7rTuVrd9WqCOZPGMo2iy5gVicMN_Fc/s1111/afib+1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="852" data-original-width="1111" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCXiB4dRkHbNjDUrJQJJUpBVfNQKghIkM7a5VUgETrVCQ9VAOaiccCk7fhZ0aPmvigt2_Z9gavoi5GJAJi5j08p5OSK60P-B92prDu2_LDVejEf7rTuVrd9WqCOZPGMo2iy5gVicMN_Fc/w640-h490/afib+1.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In this review several studies are discussed that describe why this may occur:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWTYElrYEEvqCZrUEyP02zxlm-EhyphenhypheniocyXyK05gKTicZPga63QVLqCzAwSJ4D3nXxKe1mu1MHh2URcnxvLGscUnHWC69UbHcoT8QriMHKbv4f88qdTnfkXCjDOKK34z6wFv_Ts90nLCTo/s563/af+factors.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="563" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWTYElrYEEvqCZrUEyP02zxlm-EhyphenhypheniocyXyK05gKTicZPga63QVLqCzAwSJ4D3nXxKe1mu1MHh2URcnxvLGscUnHWC69UbHcoT8QriMHKbv4f88qdTnfkXCjDOKK34z6wFv_Ts90nLCTo/w400-h310/af+factors.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV_EAtH47ijCy2fEtL6e3_06vU-rj0sGN4829E886j1o7h28fCGvP3yrGDmjq6vXU0q6qPBryyChCCYNwDyzLpQlNCM4c-vpbigwvQE9t6OjjP10OSvrop4FUGhFC4nfWC1oG1ZX_-JnU/s556/endur+ass+AF.png"><img border="0" data-original-height="270" data-original-width="556" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV_EAtH47ijCy2fEtL6e3_06vU-rj0sGN4829E886j1o7h28fCGvP3yrGDmjq6vXU0q6qPBryyChCCYNwDyzLpQlNCM4c-vpbigwvQE9t6OjjP10OSvrop4FUGhFC4nfWC1oG1ZX_-JnU/w400-h194/endur+ass+AF.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>One of the first studies on AF in athletes was conducted by<br />Karjalainen et al., who reported a prevalence of AF of 5.3% in vet-<br />eran orienteers (aged 47 ± 7 years). <b>Grimsmo et al. reported a<br />higher prevalence of AF (12.8%) in older (59–88 years) cross-country<br />skiers</b>. By contrast, Pelliccia et al. reported a very low prevalence<br />of paroxysmal AF of 0.3% in young elite endurance athletes (mean age<br />24 ± 6 years). Thus, the diagnostic efforts for identifying SEE-<br />associated AF should mostly focus on middle-aged long-term endur-<br />ance male athletes (~45–65 years). This target group comprises<br />middle-aged men who have been engaged in regular structured SEE<br />training for years (such as veteran marathon runners who still have<br />some performance expectations in Masters categories), and especially<br />those with previous experience at the ‘elite’or competitive level. At a<br />younger age, the prevalence of AF is usually very low and beyond the<br />age of 65 AF is likely to be caused, at least partially, by age-related struc-<br />tural heart disease independent from SEE itself.<br /></i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><i>In a recent re</i>view, <i><b>Carpenter et al. highlighted that ‘vagal AF’<br />remains an under-recognized entity, with no universal definition,<br />etiology, or diagnostic criteria. The observation of atrioventricu-<br />lar block, asystolic periods, sinus bradycardia and an increase in<br />heart rate variability (HRV) have been used as criteria to define<br />vagal AF. Vagal stimuli such as eating, sleeping, relaxation<br />following stress or exercise and alcohol consumption have been im-<br />plicated. Carpenter and colleagues underlined that vagal-driven AF<br />might actually explain many cases of paroxysmal AF among endur-<br />ance athletes</b>.</i></span></p></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What exactly is atrial fibrillation? To answer that we need to first consider the normal electrical flow through the heart leading to orderly contraction of all chambers.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6dJ_ZA9jMfrY6CxgTqR2LKR5_0bnw9NVeUTLvC2AbXKGySwHYQ9NjYPa93gW_HCA5K_I7JqeRstuyrfXjMk-mxJQEjNbfnwYrp5aALkPFDWGRUyxMprVh3CBmULggxCwfw1nu3GZwwU/s640/SmartSelect_20210916-111821_Samsung+Internet+Beta.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="363" data-original-width="640" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb6dJ_ZA9jMfrY6CxgTqR2LKR5_0bnw9NVeUTLvC2AbXKGySwHYQ9NjYPa93gW_HCA5K_I7JqeRstuyrfXjMk-mxJQEjNbfnwYrp5aALkPFDWGRUyxMprVh3CBmULggxCwfw1nu3GZwwU/w640-h364/SmartSelect_20210916-111821_Samsung+Internet+Beta.gif" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_pacemaker">sino-atrial node</a> (pacemaker area) usually controls impulse initiation in the atria (small chamber on top of the heart). </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlDHg0Aj0EXTfkjfvVGL5r8vlcY3YCF2EsRGrEpPZ_kCyRduJnan7X5AQCZndqz8sM9y9UxcrAWrjiEjwNeaXasCc-2GK6i-LdCA37qxef0AU45prIJzJE7gEL0Kw_k_1QNrsypV-UOUc/s525/sa+node.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="304" data-original-width="525" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlDHg0Aj0EXTfkjfvVGL5r8vlcY3YCF2EsRGrEpPZ_kCyRduJnan7X5AQCZndqz8sM9y9UxcrAWrjiEjwNeaXasCc-2GK6i-LdCA37qxef0AU45prIJzJE7gEL0Kw_k_1QNrsypV-UOUc/s320/sa+node.png" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /> </span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The atria contracts first, filling the main chamber (ventricle), which in turn contracts due to the impulses traveling through the atrioventricular node (then His bundle, right and left bundles as above), pumping out a bolus of blood to the systemic circulation (from left ventricle) or to the lungs (from right ventricle). If the atrial cells (or nearby cells) become inappropriately excitable and initiate contractile activity chaotically, that is atrial fibrillation. Since the activity is without any coordination, no real pumping action occurs and the atria simply quiver. If an isolated (non ventricular) area creates a single abnormal impulse, an "atrial premature contraction" APC occurs. If this arises in the ventricle, a ventricular premature contraction VPC is the result.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Why is atrial fibrillation (AF) dangerous? </b> By itself, AF can lead to very rapid ventricular rates with heart rates quite high, enough to cause a heart attack in a vulnerable individual with coronary occlusion. The AV node may not transmit each atrial impulse, so various degrees of block may occur. In addition, the ventricular bundles may have varying degrees of "refractory times" - periods immediately after an impulse where they can't be excited again until they recover. This could lead to the atrial impulse being conducted in an aberrent fashion, with abnormal looking electrical activity seen on ECG.<br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Back to AF.</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What's the other danger of AF? <b>The other consequence may be even worse - the occurrence of stroke.</b> Why - AF leads to stasis of blood in the atria (since there is no real organized contraction) and the chance of a blood clot forming is high. If the AF spontaneously corrects and goes back to "sinus rhythm", organized contractile function returns and the clot may be pushed out of the heart to the systemic circulation <b>including the brain</b>. When the clot lodges in a cerebral vessel, blockade of blood flow will cause a stroke with potential permanent damage to that area.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">So to summarize:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">AF is dangerous and can lead to stroke.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It is not uncommon in athletes who have done long standing endurance exercise for many years - <i>just the kind of training that seems so desirable</i>.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It is associated with <b>higher vagal activity including higher HRV</b>. This seems almost paradoxical since higher resting HRV is usually felt to be a sign of better cardiac health and fitness. While this may be so, one needs to be alert to the fact that AF is an associated finding.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It may be associated with some fibrosis and also <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ehjcimaging/article/21/12/1374/5881470?login=true">structural change</a> in chamber dynamics.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This diagram (taken from <a href="https://journals.physiology.org/doi/pdf/10.1152/ajpheart.00509.2020">here)</a> illustrates the U shaped risk of AF with increasing endurance exercise:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaB5U_JGEqYzHLvWqvpyrEA08YK2S6owhr4g8q1LWf0WrPD-yXpC8QnwRJNdD78oyxelgyNNheBowCbOCQwAFoSfHNJ5DoUF5NMmk6wBa2Lma_pmnSlQwNnhLUs2bxXE6OjMQ8edOkKfM/s1092/u+shaped+af.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1092" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaB5U_JGEqYzHLvWqvpyrEA08YK2S6owhr4g8q1LWf0WrPD-yXpC8QnwRJNdD78oyxelgyNNheBowCbOCQwAFoSfHNJ5DoUF5NMmk6wBa2Lma_pmnSlQwNnhLUs2bxXE6OjMQ8edOkKfM/w640-h422/u+shaped+af.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">What can we do about reducing the risk of AF (besides cutting back on exercise)?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As noted above, certain life style changes such as caffeine and alcohol reduction may help, although I'm unaware of any prospective studies examining this. I don't think reducing training volume will go over big with most readers....<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>What else can we do</b> - Observation of early warning signs of AF. </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">What are the early risk factors we can see?</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi87HkRy-_hg2bsDeaJkE_1WBVQVuRC1iuy_onxKtkUURkvD2TM7BS_xPo-QQBUMz2sHECcoyYs_iOos4xUqd1xqhDDfiFearrRgGGfIPJLYxpTcnIR0plVAfnUwBD-nReNFqfLF1a_lwA/s982/apc+and+af.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="967" data-original-width="982" height="630" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi87HkRy-_hg2bsDeaJkE_1WBVQVuRC1iuy_onxKtkUURkvD2TM7BS_xPo-QQBUMz2sHECcoyYs_iOos4xUqd1xqhDDfiFearrRgGGfIPJLYxpTcnIR0plVAfnUwBD-nReNFqfLF1a_lwA/w640-h630/apc+and+af.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx2VoXiOZ7F1WNr0bbtEwNcYILOgx5Yl-W3BsdXJb1VGLC_5SJ5rqL4aTmdDvwvrIM2yt8Gde5EbZaCkEYWrA07L9w_Jq17J5UNbh8Xk1S1ls1DhRdVRk3yWV9aNI7mZGTTgZJfGiI6fM/s1001/af+risk+apc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1001" data-original-width="843" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx2VoXiOZ7F1WNr0bbtEwNcYILOgx5Yl-W3BsdXJb1VGLC_5SJ5rqL4aTmdDvwvrIM2yt8Gde5EbZaCkEYWrA07L9w_Jq17J5UNbh8Xk1S1ls1DhRdVRk3yWV9aNI7mZGTTgZJfGiI6fM/w538-h640/af+risk+apc.png" width="538" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although these studies were not done in athletes, it seems sensible to presume that <b>excessive atrial premature activity would also be a risk factor in athletic AF.</b></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">How do we pick up this activity with a chest belt monitor (Polar H10)?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">It's actually not difficult. It can be done in a number of ways, but the best is by using Fatmaxxer to record the RR data. Other ways include looking for excess artifacts in Kubios/Runalyze etc, then going to the trouble of getting a Holter monitor (24 hr recording) through your physician. If you have Kubios premium and a Movesense ECG, you have a perfect arrhythmia detection combo. Coaches and researchers may want to consider that investment.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Fatmaxxer will record a 10 sec strip of good quality ECG data (sample rate 130 Hz) from your Polar H10. Please see <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html">this </a>for details. It will not record "normal" RR intervals which greatly simplifies the process. We will need to differentiate noise from atrial or ventricular activity which is as follows.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What does a normal strip look like?</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje-wRdWAusoOyiwluLZiXIln1KFTNaZlqVcob6MQ77Gt5-vtYMioRqEG6GU4OAcvgpSBevHzvlP-eVxtPZc_ty5q2hxl7xDhP6e5ZmVqcpb1TcK-BewyxrQrqKVRck62ThUynByQN0T_0/s1342/nl+strip.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="1342" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje-wRdWAusoOyiwluLZiXIln1KFTNaZlqVcob6MQ77Gt5-vtYMioRqEG6GU4OAcvgpSBevHzvlP-eVxtPZc_ty5q2hxl7xDhP6e5ZmVqcpb1TcK-BewyxrQrqKVRck62ThUynByQN0T_0/w640-h128/nl+strip.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Regular, narrow complexes, separated by the same spacing. Although there is heart rate variability in here, it's too small to see visually.</span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Noise:</span></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTM5wO7GdZB0PnfoA6yuz8NRtxUn8CRc86h5tSI71PAo92nXKPwlhw9032NcGGX6Ii48izIVZYJx8Ftvp-dtFxjTlVptW3g4Wfzr-SjpI64AmjGuLArKtX9sUdTqVVZycxttO7H7FyXIQ/s1322/noise.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="1322" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTM5wO7GdZB0PnfoA6yuz8NRtxUn8CRc86h5tSI71PAo92nXKPwlhw9032NcGGX6Ii48izIVZYJx8Ftvp-dtFxjTlVptW3g4Wfzr-SjpI64AmjGuLArKtX9sUdTqVVZycxttO7H7FyXIQ/w640-h120/noise.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">The electrical baseline is jumping and that is producing distortions - they are not of any concern.<br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">How about <b>multiple atrial premature complexes</b>?</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0goAGZtKUByzQhHk-GJyVViIs9u2YIUMYpK7ZmGXk_bTIvkecVVIB7SaS7FapJmKwmcqk-ToCgkJzzokg8rdoc7mw3x60XNgNvjkqJZGgINYQnGZVmGKG_Yt4OKeJ8urBBFt9nW04Z_g/s1330/mult+apc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="531" data-original-width="1330" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0goAGZtKUByzQhHk-GJyVViIs9u2YIUMYpK7ZmGXk_bTIvkecVVIB7SaS7FapJmKwmcqk-ToCgkJzzokg8rdoc7mw3x60XNgNvjkqJZGgINYQnGZVmGKG_Yt4OKeJ8urBBFt9nW04Z_g/w640-h256/mult+apc.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I circled the normal ones in green, the early, premature beats in red. They are all narrow and the QRS is identical looking. There is a reset of the SA node by the APC (non compensatory pause) noted in orange since the gap is > 2x the RR distance:</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwPh0w9InWl8qUqnKTEd9ZysDSbqmjCKXt2vjEehMimfJEZSUmfUDWEoDUVxU2Avwfe0vnvi4RotnE4JcmrxHW9LCaIzYXjRo-wioAFJa7KU931G_DPXzhY5NpqrGQ44uUHHHpllnxKjA/s367/pauses.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="312" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwPh0w9InWl8qUqnKTEd9ZysDSbqmjCKXt2vjEehMimfJEZSUmfUDWEoDUVxU2Avwfe0vnvi4RotnE4JcmrxHW9LCaIzYXjRo-wioAFJa7KU931G_DPXzhY5NpqrGQ44uUHHHpllnxKjA/w340-h400/pauses.png" width="340" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Ventricular beats are going to be wider, not have a P wave and have a "compensatory" pause:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmNpcwXJ_x3AXQRJXT7mwMWQOQg5eKG9_Hl0u440ruxEyMhF2U7HEU8gcfpWZ9rDu9knvG1UWXI1rhLW7-7ZAiIn2OXodj054bKP4ohXPxk0F4YAAzHAf3v13p9ywApz7I3iTU0rrbb0/s486/vpc.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="104" data-original-width="486" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmNpcwXJ_x3AXQRJXT7mwMWQOQg5eKG9_Hl0u440ruxEyMhF2U7HEU8gcfpWZ9rDu9knvG1UWXI1rhLW7-7ZAiIn2OXodj054bKP4ohXPxk0F4YAAzHAf3v13p9ywApz7I3iTU0rrbb0/w640-h136/vpc.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">And here is a classic VPC captured by Fatmaxxer during one of my sessions:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO4CsYxEvQ9yi20jqHcXt9Y6ZuMf1yRGDz9fvbyWgVh6CtJMWLSjm41eScW6LVUT7FdHpAT_uphivBCxjFJv2WWs4NXGvodtPb6S7Vb_5zQYJ0e0ZQyPNAw3N1NzRiswkqcu-7TzvFX9c/s1340/vpc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="223" data-original-width="1340" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO4CsYxEvQ9yi20jqHcXt9Y6ZuMf1yRGDz9fvbyWgVh6CtJMWLSjm41eScW6LVUT7FdHpAT_uphivBCxjFJv2WWs4NXGvodtPb6S7Vb_5zQYJ0e0ZQyPNAw3N1NzRiswkqcu-7TzvFX9c/w640-h106/vpc.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The wide complex is circled in red, the lack of a P wave is circled in orange and the larger than normal T wave is circled in green.</span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">How many are too many?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">That's a tough one to answer. Sometimes it's obvious. Here is a section from one of the participants from out Frontiers DFA a1 validation study (whose data was excluded):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOV5I6GTWyTMf-je3_Hqku3DqvVbdfXmf1ohtr04uhnOJEYYVjFljxNmOrmk8XDMbx6GIUZJcqoZlm3neVolbR-_itFEa35IpBt-hLCb9ZqhfL7ncy8u3QojbWEGAJ1zuV32xcM6bk2Yc/s1325/apc+trip.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="535" data-original-width="1325" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOV5I6GTWyTMf-je3_Hqku3DqvVbdfXmf1ohtr04uhnOJEYYVjFljxNmOrmk8XDMbx6GIUZJcqoZlm3neVolbR-_itFEa35IpBt-hLCb9ZqhfL7ncy8u3QojbWEGAJ1zuV32xcM6bk2Yc/w640-h258/apc+trip.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I circled the normal in black, APCs in red - they run in a paired pattern - normal, then two abnormal then repeat. It almost resembles AF, but there are P waves visible:</span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioxAxT-63sdnV-lO_zTqKXYygy-JZIxJGpfQFQLo9-DdPyMuVCIH6OB2chBp24OJxDPbKNcjQNe8EqvldfUqElaL0f4d-GRJzO2VRLtnHBsk_rJNPWHLeyk9kmBwNIk7ZHiORZzwpavUk/s1315/close+paves.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="1315" height="110" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioxAxT-63sdnV-lO_zTqKXYygy-JZIxJGpfQFQLo9-DdPyMuVCIH6OB2chBp24OJxDPbKNcjQNe8EqvldfUqElaL0f4d-GRJzO2VRLtnHBsk_rJNPWHLeyk9kmBwNIk7ZHiORZzwpavUk/w640-h110/close+paves.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I circled the P waves and the arrow shows where the P is "hidden" under the T wave.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This would be something to take seriously and investigate.</span></li></ul><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">I would recommend some of the recommendations in the above studies - high order ectopy (doublets, triplets) and high frequency APCs (>30 per hour).</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Atrial fib is common in endurance athletes. The high risk candidate is middle age with a history of many years of endurance training (sound familiar).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Additional risk factors include frequent APCs, either at rest and/or during exercise. High resting HRV and high vagal tone also may be involved.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">A fib can lead to stroke which can be irreversible.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">With simple consumer HRM equipment and free software, one can identify APCs, their frequency and consult a specialist before a problem develops. <br /></span></li></ul>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-8184384974228481722021-09-12T05:12:00.001-07:002021-09-12T05:18:33.810-07:00Rapid HRVT graphing and interpretation<p><span style="font-family: arial;">One of the most important questions we can answer with DFA a1 observation is where is our aerobic threshold? To do so, either constant power intervals or an incremental ramp (not to failure) is needed. Over the months, I've been asked by athletes and coaches to look over data and weigh in on an interpretation. What I'd like to do in this post is give a brief approach on how to do this yourself and then present the data in an attractive Excel graph. To keep this both simple and quick, I recommend using Runalyze as your source of data. Why? They use a similar DFA a1 computation method as Kubios, can output a1, HR and power in fine increments (every 5s recalculation) and according to my testing, provide accurate results. Although we can plot DFA a1 over time (and work out the time vs power or HR), the following approach is easier and will provide comparable results. I also discussed some general graphing and analysis tips in a set of <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/04/data-collection-and-analysis-how-to.html">older posts</a>, here we will just review the HRVT.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Why not use Runalyze HRVT data?</b> The Runalyze graph uses <i>all</i> data points and even if you just recorded the ramp, we don't want to plot the beginning, stable a1 values (the top of the reverse S shaped curve) or the bottom unchanging nadir values (bottom of the S).</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtpni1nCZncq-fNckRwteVb1ew5yv6Ph2rHI-ycI23PU-i1D3SwPNxDQ_U5Y26jc7rONqlArb7begU3DJPzucQVPrw2AEe-K3CCqeDBPXE7bUCAFMyhYWypDMmLVQhl0j_xDL3TDEXdMs/s840/hrvt+range.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="637" data-original-width="840" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtpni1nCZncq-fNckRwteVb1ew5yv6Ph2rHI-ycI23PU-i1D3SwPNxDQ_U5Y26jc7rONqlArb7begU3DJPzucQVPrw2AEe-K3CCqeDBPXE7bUCAFMyhYWypDMmLVQhl0j_xDL3TDEXdMs/w640-h486/hrvt+range.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 1</b> - do a ramp in either Zwift or equivalent, with a start power well below your easy pace. The rate of rise can be from 5 to 30w/min but at the higher rates, power at the HRVT will not be accurate. <b>If you are interested in cycling power, do a 5 to 10w/min ramp rise</b>.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">What about constant power intervals? Yes, these can be very helpful, but their best use case is with real time monitoring (Fatmaxxer). For example, cycling at a fixed power for 5-6 minutes may allow one to get an idea at what power level DFA a1 drops to below .75. We really don't need Excel plotting to do that.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 2</b> - have Runalyze process the file. The default time for the re computation window is every 60s, we need to change that to every 5s:</span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsUL6-JTnSON7zHyafwlW9qX99lBMdMjpaDw9MLblalg6UA7yHc2aTMUo8O3438X9qM4KV7KFLENcZk_7v6NtJlZwp0eaWLUIMlrD8SIy6JHMKtTb9f7niK8KTryPZY-rMHdcfvh153iM/s1023/runal+settings.png"><img border="0" data-original-height="235" data-original-width="1023" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsUL6-JTnSON7zHyafwlW9qX99lBMdMjpaDw9MLblalg6UA7yHc2aTMUo8O3438X9qM4KV7KFLENcZk_7v6NtJlZwp0eaWLUIMlrD8SIy6JHMKtTb9f7niK8KTryPZY-rMHdcfvh153iM/w640-h148/runal+settings.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Set the window overlap to 115 sec</b> (yeah, it's not intuitive). Keep the window length and artifact correction as is. Click Submit.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Then you will see this:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJh2GhBwi8cAmf03Lc1jt6GX60gsbxbyR6ppiwCQTMxf88mljGSWKsO4HO89egLkQ4buao5rroyDFqpWnIm-4V23yvLyuJh5PjxepHs6OZpwXOktYYW254vkHsABj3BpFOIpBkN2WxOGM/s1020/runal+output.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="987" data-original-width="1020" height="620" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJh2GhBwi8cAmf03Lc1jt6GX60gsbxbyR6ppiwCQTMxf88mljGSWKsO4HO89egLkQ4buao5rroyDFqpWnIm-4V23yvLyuJh5PjxepHs6OZpwXOktYYW254vkHsABj3BpFOIpBkN2WxOGM/w640-h620/runal+output.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">It contains all our needed data.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 3</b> - Click export CSV (in green). Save the file and open it with Excel</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuX0XoKPSofKrwNZ6FzXcW85Uq5x-QFdakmSkMRTcMWTRq5Od4m1aY4DxlSEB2u2GTx4eNDOWXBVS_kmi7Or-Lovbwnw37Y8loCHHjz45TZgEmIhg6jw9DwQHvNTH3DF5btJQcw8EUDf8/s1107/runal+excel.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="453" data-original-width="1107" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuX0XoKPSofKrwNZ6FzXcW85Uq5x-QFdakmSkMRTcMWTRq5Od4m1aY4DxlSEB2u2GTx4eNDOWXBVS_kmi7Or-Lovbwnw37Y8loCHHjz45TZgEmIhg6jw9DwQHvNTH3DF5btJQcw8EUDf8/w640-h262/runal+excel.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I highlighted the important columns including time (duration end), DFA a1 (alpha), pArtifacts (%artifacts), heart rate and power.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Before you do anything else, save the file as an xlsx:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXKPDdU0O9fRzUEgMYUQos4CYI4pnAowkSF9c-CiwiB8O_4dPM6KqQqrr64y0TOQvAkl6a9IZm-lhlL5Xu0idFDaEP-vbCQZcFWEwFqNkPfomoGxBJr_rxV8hT5qCmsoQaZO2J2ZQAOW8/s948/runal+save+as.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="152" data-original-width="948" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXKPDdU0O9fRzUEgMYUQos4CYI4pnAowkSF9c-CiwiB8O_4dPM6KqQqrr64y0TOQvAkl6a9IZm-lhlL5Xu0idFDaEP-vbCQZcFWEwFqNkPfomoGxBJr_rxV8hT5qCmsoQaZO2J2ZQAOW8/w640-h102/runal+save+as.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">If this is not done, none of our graphics will be saved.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 4</b> - locate and inspect the data:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We don't want to plot the entire session or even the entire ramp. What we are looking for is the near linear section from an a1 of 1.0 to about .5 (or less). Too many repeats of similar a1 values at the start or end will throw off the linear plot.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For example, here is where I'm going to start the plot (line in yellow):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYDSgdxe5uVrDfi3Chg3qlqlLgVnmw-rm8g1y1xNGcY25INCFLTFdQd_oh_Dm3De0YLjgipLiONyoeMSkyz-BqHqrKzSDm5s_dOugQZ7EYJM8RojZ1Hq61O6sy1LchONVcIuTdq7ijpYc/s1037/runal+start+line.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="1037" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYDSgdxe5uVrDfi3Chg3qlqlLgVnmw-rm8g1y1xNGcY25INCFLTFdQd_oh_Dm3De0YLjgipLiONyoeMSkyz-BqHqrKzSDm5s_dOugQZ7EYJM8RojZ1Hq61O6sy1LchONVcIuTdq7ijpYc/w640-h528/runal+start+line.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">You can see that the alpha column will start with values of about 1 and then drift down.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Ending with these (last plot line in yellow):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilA4AhPOC1lc6LusDQJbvml227PtC0XKMysU5u9jvqhvi8tFe5vxR7glB5QFy8IFoe0HGPgUN5xqkYoscYgrAWtbVv6N31tCiP81_Qly1Ph8QlUZS4E1ceTczTbsLjVRYtk0SAbsNYGgo/s1062/runal+end+plot.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="826" data-original-width="1062" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilA4AhPOC1lc6LusDQJbvml227PtC0XKMysU5u9jvqhvi8tFe5vxR7glB5QFy8IFoe0HGPgUN5xqkYoscYgrAWtbVv6N31tCiP81_Qly1Ph8QlUZS4E1ceTczTbsLjVRYtk0SAbsNYGgo/w640-h498/runal+end+plot.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As you scan through the data between the start and end plot, <b>make sure the % artifact is reasonable - below 3% (will show as .03 in the column) would be best</b>. In this case they were zero to 1%.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 5</b> - Selecting the data to graph:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We are going to take a few shortcuts and perform a couple of tricks here to make life simpler. Since we first want to graph HR vs a1, lets isolate just those two data columns. Click on the start cell of HR to select it, scroll down to the end HR cell and <b>click with the shift key</b> held down to select that entire batch. <b>Choose copy</b>. </span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBJ99-MCq2vBJiC_94oRiAVrODmXw8FSz-d14uU35uw0lvGZNeX5MU-sPvmnCEW0PYnUhuIgIDKPNkWUzwwRlU-YeYkR_8phaJsV0vX5OVkg6JcWFNmA-LjED_LvHIhWppAOmzhYEjEBw/s1162/copy+HR.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1162" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBJ99-MCq2vBJiC_94oRiAVrODmXw8FSz-d14uU35uw0lvGZNeX5MU-sPvmnCEW0PYnUhuIgIDKPNkWUzwwRlU-YeYkR_8phaJsV0vX5OVkg6JcWFNmA-LjED_LvHIhWppAOmzhYEjEBw/w640-h460/copy+HR.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Add a new page (bottom of window) and paste those values into A2, to leave room for a heading:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioUShshlQvknM0WnBF0sxsxunsaNnXpND4BAc0PS7NZC_XpppOMN3c491PKArxglWry8RsHsMd0RFyIzFH_06ZNjEE59geN9vVG3E6JgayYQg_3AQvgH-NQEnoNPA5EtReaPLNwDbXIDQ/s910/new+page.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="910" data-original-width="497" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioUShshlQvknM0WnBF0sxsxunsaNnXpND4BAc0PS7NZC_XpppOMN3c491PKArxglWry8RsHsMd0RFyIzFH_06ZNjEE59geN9vVG3E6JgayYQg_3AQvgH-NQEnoNPA5EtReaPLNwDbXIDQ/w350-h640/new+page.png" width="350" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">I pasted into the second row of the new page (HR plot, in green) and in the top of the column, then put a label of HR (green also)<br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Repeat for alpha 1 column:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM07tfc6bSU402SlYJKUH3lSoEpZULYqTlBOBKU2moh-SJJGWaFT4nKnbPP0Rgl2Yvh0r42DJ6emXg8GlsFQpZspviyxZiQt1XIfnQ_Qz7UK5u8ueUjquxbWKIKykR-blEgFxJrpxDKJs/s1031/alpha+copy.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="1031" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM07tfc6bSU402SlYJKUH3lSoEpZULYqTlBOBKU2moh-SJJGWaFT4nKnbPP0Rgl2Yvh0r42DJ6emXg8GlsFQpZspviyxZiQt1XIfnQ_Qz7UK5u8ueUjquxbWKIKykR-blEgFxJrpxDKJs/w640-h530/alpha+copy.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Now we have this:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoQFZWKsMIIjSYPLPtSjUIFmxXBgf8uiJ3kyg7TyKtUXYSfau2Ts1vMvsNBdiGGyLf0GhVNmT_cgxg7lBNqqb0-nB1P-Ba-2aLTC0jZo9WlI2mhBQILSxva_jpfB21DskVGWEidbP-5VM/s646/HR+plot+1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="646" data-original-width="233" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoQFZWKsMIIjSYPLPtSjUIFmxXBgf8uiJ3kyg7TyKtUXYSfau2Ts1vMvsNBdiGGyLf0GhVNmT_cgxg7lBNqqb0-nB1P-Ba-2aLTC0jZo9WlI2mhBQILSxva_jpfB21DskVGWEidbP-5VM/w230-h640/HR+plot+1.png" width="230" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 6</b> - HR vs DFA a1 graph and HRVT estimation. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Click and drag the cursor over columns A and B (not A1 to B1, use the actual top of the columns)</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXTk5yscDbH-Am4P67CPPKDFcskqvzQU-MZKq74x5hRt3T67Pq5Wg8BRWQ5apcWg0qCu-eagzsN_0zz0EmB9U2hle9EMVFvsY-d0fsFZ-wSoYq5Q4Wgh_OpCNfNfU1IRGX0YJqAlI5qk/s216/excel+colu.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="216" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYXTk5yscDbH-Am4P67CPPKDFcskqvzQU-MZKq74x5hRt3T67Pq5Wg8BRWQ5apcWg0qCu-eagzsN_0zz0EmB9U2hle9EMVFvsY-d0fsFZ-wSoYq5Q4Wgh_OpCNfNfU1IRGX0YJqAlI5qk/s0/excel+colu.png" width="216" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">With both columns selected, go to Menu - Insert - Charts and pick "scatter" on the top left of the choice list:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqvrjbbr5pkxabJfEMPOm6UQhw0oPe23iHTD4559q862Ra1ls09ZnHgN0u0b2y73sK7GrOiIfivvx4CST3_1saSjsAfT2aPVqzTCALp1SKvrs_wKHv03W6gCqwKKAC1oXKx5rbEsKSHjY/s1143/scater+plot.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="867" data-original-width="1143" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqvrjbbr5pkxabJfEMPOm6UQhw0oPe23iHTD4559q862Ra1ls09ZnHgN0u0b2y73sK7GrOiIfivvx4CST3_1saSjsAfT2aPVqzTCALp1SKvrs_wKHv03W6gCqwKKAC1oXKx5rbEsKSHjY/w640-h486/scater+plot.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Excel will then automatically place a graph of HR vs a1 on the page.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 7</b> - improving the looks of the plot and getting the HRVT HR</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I moved and enlarged the graph area by dragging and resize. <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's add some axis titles and trendlines:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiEaXu1QAasL8svO-ES86nfl2DlbXJeCdqT1hHvsdIyuN4qbnhHnqOytuQCyDTO1OlmP3547FppVhFiZRdrbCkn0Hfarz15tAv-MgfRQVtBQ-YswT4rSBYY4tdH9dgKBKTFIFbx1pua5k/s1402/titles+trendline.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="1402" height="330" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiEaXu1QAasL8svO-ES86nfl2DlbXJeCdqT1hHvsdIyuN4qbnhHnqOytuQCyDTO1OlmP3547FppVhFiZRdrbCkn0Hfarz15tAv-MgfRQVtBQ-YswT4rSBYY4tdH9dgKBKTFIFbx1pua5k/w640-h330/titles+trendline.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Select the graph, hit the plus sign then check both axis title and trendline boxes. I re-titled the graph, axis labels already<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Right click the trendline (dotted) and add the R squared and equation if desired. You can also go to the paint can icon and change the line style/color.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY9PELxxKbF6Xe9UkAkif2aqyYW3qXm9ZEdM-JIM811096rw0KZNeKXEE-zwTo5KJf92dc6DJXpj5QWPllaxCT9sbwU7UW544uaEDz9YVIkG2ar5L0hmoYFbq4p9_k8emvIUZPlxpIpNw/s1317/format+trned.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="1317" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY9PELxxKbF6Xe9UkAkif2aqyYW3qXm9ZEdM-JIM811096rw0KZNeKXEE-zwTo5KJf92dc6DJXpj5QWPllaxCT9sbwU7UW544uaEDz9YVIkG2ar5L0hmoYFbq4p9_k8emvIUZPlxpIpNw/w640-h364/format+trned.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Format the Y axis</b> (a1) - We want an appropriate range and increments of 0.25 with a line at a1=.75.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4F6TV84Ja95fHKseEE-NT2JgRCs913peTP9Y5rzuRyxGtKtfT_sLyKk73_-1bllHDrHF6bnndHwrkpVHmpg_f1k5LXUGDsaK8JcSq3Yg2vfNrW_G9BdMKBHxRXBjoGvS7M5iNuxMMJEI/s1297/format+axis.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="1297" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4F6TV84Ja95fHKseEE-NT2JgRCs913peTP9Y5rzuRyxGtKtfT_sLyKk73_-1bllHDrHF6bnndHwrkpVHmpg_f1k5LXUGDsaK8JcSq3Yg2vfNrW_G9BdMKBHxRXBjoGvS7M5iNuxMMJEI/w640-h324/format+axis.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In green highlights, the min (.25), max (1.25) Bounds and major Units (.25) are listed. This will make it easier to see where the HRVT falls without resorting to equations.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Format the HR axis</b>:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmrL_J0X7j8_6np2ULAIBsS3iHcn3LSmbUpdFNHDprARncTTBajfhc6MKbW3QzijGssXFiYUMLP3bjmdJnQv4zp5gEeSCq04-fLbr86MkK5lM329oO4LL0WpehSam_5CpaT-iZC-fvrWA/s1310/format+x+ax.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="662" data-original-width="1310" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmrL_J0X7j8_6np2ULAIBsS3iHcn3LSmbUpdFNHDprARncTTBajfhc6MKbW3QzijGssXFiYUMLP3bjmdJnQv4zp5gEeSCq04-fLbr86MkK5lM329oO4LL0WpehSam_5CpaT-iZC-fvrWA/w640-h324/format+x+ax.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The min, max Bounds and major Units are set (green)</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The HRVT HR is about 137 bpm.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Step 8</b> - HRVT power: <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In this case we will essentially follow the same steps but substitute Watts for HR - Two columns, Watts and DFA a1, plot both and adjust the axis.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I also went into "text options" for each graph component to darken the fonts</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQMaLS1mVbPk4kfqZh9uHIwTdLeYreCXFFsDStJrCDWCOAGtXzmOBNL7k_1teyp6wRmdqymSC-iVws9i5YBQaTRqPKLiAcqpdYiA8DPB24OGrfoPUeqRGa_IwDMm2kcUkYrp5oZPj0jBc/s1567/hrvt+watts.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="692" data-original-width="1567" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQMaLS1mVbPk4kfqZh9uHIwTdLeYreCXFFsDStJrCDWCOAGtXzmOBNL7k_1teyp6wRmdqymSC-iVws9i5YBQaTRqPKLiAcqpdYiA8DPB24OGrfoPUeqRGa_IwDMm2kcUkYrp5oZPj0jBc/w640-h282/hrvt+watts.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;">HRVT power was 204 watts.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>To export any graph as a picture</b>, just right click the graph and choose "save as picture"</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpHf3FlwYDs4JDYzmE1Ue6Mvi3mHAjFPS_fg2gsQcewBs9pQEYY93djn6KHfLLPwhyphenhyphenDiLKqZrbGf2cS4GUDGZXFMtPO0XfACQK6KZD1FoMDEjJlrhd1P52KSWQb0gYvNIDbgG4fbGcq0/s987/save+as+pict.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="765" data-original-width="987" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpHf3FlwYDs4JDYzmE1Ue6Mvi3mHAjFPS_fg2gsQcewBs9pQEYY93djn6KHfLLPwhyphenhyphenDiLKqZrbGf2cS4GUDGZXFMtPO0XfACQK6KZD1FoMDEjJlrhd1P52KSWQb0gYvNIDbgG4fbGcq0/w640-h496/save+as+pict.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">There you have it!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Yes, if you are an expert at Excel you certainly don't need this, but for those who who aren't and would like a nicer looking, more accurate HRVT plot, this may be helpful.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>One more tip</b> - once you have a graph customized the way you want, you can "copy" the "format" to another unfinished graph (in another day's session on a different xlsx).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 1 - Control C (copy) the formatted graph</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 2 - Click once on the unformatted graph to select it.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZz4FSxTTdR0aVkRBE77r36GkrPjaMyhOMOwXDjraT1p4sLaTdy8QyOYcXzcrV_T29NVFxcakffVun5dWmtuLDOv89hKFZ7FEqZkG1K3gawswit-xaz4mgim5W0T3UN1iwJP56HelIq9Q/s1430/pre+copy.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="1430" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZz4FSxTTdR0aVkRBE77r36GkrPjaMyhOMOwXDjraT1p4sLaTdy8QyOYcXzcrV_T29NVFxcakffVun5dWmtuLDOv89hKFZ7FEqZkG1K3gawswit-xaz4mgim5W0T3UN1iwJP56HelIq9Q/w640-h238/pre+copy.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 3 - Go to the "Home" tab, upper left corner is "Paste" - select "Paste Special"</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Step 4 - Choose "Format only"</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6f2ffP7sdDwR1rBAlFPa5C-1tqqYUnuWJhO_93DwUcBbez4wIgAk7kr_MiPuOTOzwm1BlW6PrabyD_OJX0Cb2Fl-wVPb1g8WnjF6U4TwWApEeOwfC3rlahMWTzvNNoNVDlHf-c5TP0AM/s1417/paste+spec.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="1417" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6f2ffP7sdDwR1rBAlFPa5C-1tqqYUnuWJhO_93DwUcBbez4wIgAk7kr_MiPuOTOzwm1BlW6PrabyD_OJX0Cb2Fl-wVPb1g8WnjF6U4TwWApEeOwfC3rlahMWTzvNNoNVDlHf-c5TP0AM/w640-h352/paste+spec.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">Press "OK"</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Note - You may need to right click on the X axis to reset the "Bounds" if the HR or power has changed.<br /> </span></p><p><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
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</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
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</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
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Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> 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small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/09/dfa-a1-threshold-in-cardiac-population.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-58455403657612478532021-09-09T04:43:00.000-07:002021-09-09T04:43:44.265-07:00DFA a1 threshold in a cardiac population<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although it has been released in abstract form, our full article describing the use of DFA a1 in a cardiac disease population (CHF and stable CAD) <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/18/4075">has been published</a>. As I have done in prior publications, I wanted to share some individual participant data to show how things work "under the hood". Many thanks to my co authors, Laurent Mourot and Thomas Gronwald. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We found three important findings - </span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">DFA a1 can be used in this very different population to determine the first threshold (VT1). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Beta blockade did not appear to affect the index (as discussed here before).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The improvement in VT1 after cardiac rehab was correlated with that of the improvement in the HRVT. Therefore, this is the first evidence published showing a1 can be used for following VT1 related fitness status.</span></li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg04flbsJ2aiX3aGAktgYEkMMoFa5xZNui5fGkgznjXpYPpk1WatqyWYf5oIHCN4rGc8sIlXTqP-KDkKOgL0hMLG05kxwZaiRqcpSI2BNFCwFcGlB-xTISuL20h5yrQqtSdzNcuNI_BlA0/s945/jcm+abs.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="882" data-original-width="945" height="598" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg04flbsJ2aiX3aGAktgYEkMMoFa5xZNui5fGkgznjXpYPpk1WatqyWYf5oIHCN4rGc8sIlXTqP-KDkKOgL0hMLG05kxwZaiRqcpSI2BNFCwFcGlB-xTISuL20h5yrQqtSdzNcuNI_BlA0/w640-h598/jcm+abs.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;">How did these parameters look in a
single subject? Here is one example of a participant with CHF, pre and
post rehab exercise (Please read the full article for details and
background).</span> <br /></span><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Gas Exchange Pre (baseline)</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We are using the excess CO2 method (see the article for references). I did add HR to the plot.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyDSZovTsmh5Pw3RYRhS1sbSzTSouO4SDV6uNjyn5iJwkdhY8G8szYaDHLb9pxZnKRZ3YG1g6CTJzA9UN1qPbCBHtKBzWcRRBLMwGQ4_5SsoE1UfPHHFh-kZkj9ODuFF4oFZJ8a4hHOKk/s2048/pre+gas+ech.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1367" data-original-width="2048" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyDSZovTsmh5Pw3RYRhS1sbSzTSouO4SDV6uNjyn5iJwkdhY8G8szYaDHLb9pxZnKRZ3YG1g6CTJzA9UN1qPbCBHtKBzWcRRBLMwGQ4_5SsoE1UfPHHFh-kZkj9ODuFF4oFZJ8a4hHOKk/w640-h428/pre+gas+ech.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">We can see at about 300 sec into the test, the curve slope changes, at a HR of 76 bpm. That is the point of the VT1 HR.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">The Pre Rehab HRVT:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">DFA a1 vs HR:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMSYYySBRd05CioavJwBPnvgYCpa3WsvrL85FbuoeyONX60_Cg94-V4qGjCrvcryQn5PZ8oNJBGrKpPdJumml-1qay2PO9BP7Akonwmvou5PDVdTcMMccpo6J2c-tn5CnBJ1HSPL_JWuM/s2048/pre+hrvt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1195" data-original-width="2048" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMSYYySBRd05CioavJwBPnvgYCpa3WsvrL85FbuoeyONX60_Cg94-V4qGjCrvcryQn5PZ8oNJBGrKpPdJumml-1qay2PO9BP7Akonwmvou5PDVdTcMMccpo6J2c-tn5CnBJ1HSPL_JWuM/w640-h374/pre+hrvt.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The HR at HRVT is 75 bpm (very close to gas exchange - but not all participants were this close).</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Post Rehab Results:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Gas Exchange Post:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgfAMEmR6QlKuGapF48mCuJmlPnnWlwmieoIAwXSiHTPFh0hKXScVIDcgvqZPlkYdRHBh4-HfzyXhCcvigZUelU5nsRk8Vk_3WFzUGCPzbbB4dL3R1sFQeW6IL_obx5Ssy9bN0Lj4alxU/s2048/post+gas+ex.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1274" data-original-width="2048" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgfAMEmR6QlKuGapF48mCuJmlPnnWlwmieoIAwXSiHTPFh0hKXScVIDcgvqZPlkYdRHBh4-HfzyXhCcvigZUelU5nsRk8Vk_3WFzUGCPzbbB4dL3R1sFQeW6IL_obx5Ssy9bN0Lj4alxU/w640-h398/post+gas+ex.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">And HRVT:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlyK2Xj5aQP9ojAT8HyWY1qk2KrrQqB-YwORh3Tr0v74ItmTONGZ9c0GplNTb5yIu7fH5PN6DcHazLZhHLf5kubBZBM6aY_atYVrRYYJQGgUOUGEQ7D_3kMgqFXue9I03DdnVVh2Yr94A/s2048/post+hrvt+a1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1171" data-original-width="2048" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlyK2Xj5aQP9ojAT8HyWY1qk2KrrQqB-YwORh3Tr0v74ItmTONGZ9c0GplNTb5yIu7fH5PN6DcHazLZhHLf5kubBZBM6aY_atYVrRYYJQGgUOUGEQ7D_3kMgqFXue9I03DdnVVh2Yr94A/w640-h366/post+hrvt+a1.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both VT1 gas HR and HRVT HR are about the same (81-82). </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">VT1 gas HR improved after rehab as did HRVT HR.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We presented this Figure in the article showing the individual responses (ml/kg/min, HR, watt change):</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3sJUzHF7Pq5TmnW_6M37XQuPKgX5Ci4owtdZ_XF1b9pPj0BGd3Krnn7YVCqd6SZwapv-igUFFEg8U6sII8jd-z4S4TvR7gWx15ObWTBULEAJIH8Gdcp4az6dy8-Q9qOnlar13hb_t8n8/s1102/cge+hrvt+correl.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1102" data-original-width="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3sJUzHF7Pq5TmnW_6M37XQuPKgX5Ci4owtdZ_XF1b9pPj0BGd3Krnn7YVCqd6SZwapv-igUFFEg8U6sII8jd-z4S4TvR7gWx15ObWTBULEAJIH8Gdcp4az6dy8-Q9qOnlar13hb_t8n8/s16000/cge+hrvt+correl.png" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This indicates that those who had improvement in VT1 also had better HRVT metrics. Those who did not improve with gas exchange generally did not do so with HRV either.<br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The HRVT concept holds in a markedly different demographic of participants (CAD, CHF), most of whom were on beta blockade therapy.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Improvement (or not) in first threshold gas exchange parameters was well correlated to that of the change in HRVT related metrics. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">I hope more groups consider using "correlation properties of HRV", AKA DFA a1 derived HRVT as a fitness metric to follow over time.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-and-optimal-hrm-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and optimal HRM belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> <br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-35787081585893854252021-08-24T12:07:00.001-07:002022-01-08T12:18:16.218-08:00DFA a1 and optimal HRM position<p style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> Also see part 2 - </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Over the past several months, we have examined various factors that could affect DFA a1 values. Since this index depends upon fractal correlation patterns of cardiac beat intervals, precise measurement and proper algorithmic processing is essential. Therefore, excess artifact correction, sub optimal preprocessing (detrending of data) and poor R wave definition can all bias the DFA a1 value, resulting in erroneous intensity thresholds and exercise load management guidelines. The "low a1 while running" issue may yet represent another factor biasing the true measurement of this index. Along the path of seeking better DFA a1 accuracy, I have noted (<a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">and posted</a>) that depending on ECG electrode placement, different DFA a1 can values occur. More recently, while looking at 12 lead ECG exercise ramp recordings (thanks to TG), I was astonished that depending on the lead selected to import into Kubios, quite different DFA a1 curves were produced. This post is an initial exploration into HRM belt placement and DFA a1. After reading through this material, you may want to consider a modified HRM placement for optimal a1 results and/or tinkering with position to prevent the "low a1 while running".</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Background:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Depending on where on the body we measure the electrical activity of a cardiac cycle, different waveform shapes will be produced. Here is a rough guide on conventional ECG leads FYI. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju3r9fquOQAELYiGCGIN4fdmdgYDgFhp-MvT30asZhagdhWkj1ulxPNICSajYSURTzB4e54pi4MhXbsD3-Iy2PxYNyE08ZtHts-BxYRAu7UycKVlEVBg6hW_WQixBiU0gv2Q8IlUhkOAg/s951/limb+leads.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="607" data-original-width="951" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEju3r9fquOQAELYiGCGIN4fdmdgYDgFhp-MvT30asZhagdhWkj1ulxPNICSajYSURTzB4e54pi4MhXbsD3-Iy2PxYNyE08ZtHts-BxYRAu7UycKVlEVBg6hW_WQixBiU0gv2Q8IlUhkOAg/w640-h408/limb+leads.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit4NbF7hcrJ-Gq3yKkE95utUL0dmiq4XvSmcY5eJRFofT9y-9gqZCZq0jAAYnlU2jGWaBmafHW6D4Rqii9iLwr8J30ivRAP4e8PF-J7cvNkhXwH3DrRexrvj8WhLYVI673xsZNTm6KqjA/s975/chest+leads.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="446" data-original-width="975" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit4NbF7hcrJ-Gq3yKkE95utUL0dmiq4XvSmcY5eJRFofT9y-9gqZCZq0jAAYnlU2jGWaBmafHW6D4Rqii9iLwr8J30ivRAP4e8PF-J7cvNkhXwH3DrRexrvj8WhLYVI673xsZNTm6KqjA/w640-h293/chest+leads.png" width="640" /></a></div>There is also a concept called axis deviation - axis referring to the net electrical activity observed. If one chamber enlarges, the axis may change. It can also change with breathing<p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /> <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv25Lb8aGu7z6SKGYFm5Fe6BF3UKzO-navg6bz14imEISxaa88eiprnmE3O6OKBxPL4utOmr947Zey7vkSgtk74rHPbbcgRDy1ZGuu8_SJlF8GsY_Fw6929i7ZJFaLqXvsWjDzvKtltSw/s227/nl+axis.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="221" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv25Lb8aGu7z6SKGYFm5Fe6BF3UKzO-navg6bz14imEISxaa88eiprnmE3O6OKBxPL4utOmr947Zey7vkSgtk74rHPbbcgRDy1ZGuu8_SJlF8GsY_Fw6929i7ZJFaLqXvsWjDzvKtltSw/s0/nl+axis.png" width="221" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDol4GuyJH_1hFmTVZXtxN46O0R9igAFk9kxPcnmCXK5iIdKHIP9-7BNjzabysftk6iLvkC_i0-ZB6hPUy8AyNeUplcTtj2wU6Ymtx_Xm1dzV9lRB7fL7NfoOfxQQedSCeeviEJNKP9EA/s250/LAD.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="203" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDol4GuyJH_1hFmTVZXtxN46O0R9igAFk9kxPcnmCXK5iIdKHIP9-7BNjzabysftk6iLvkC_i0-ZB6hPUy8AyNeUplcTtj2wU6Ymtx_Xm1dzV9lRB7fL7NfoOfxQQedSCeeviEJNKP9EA/s0/LAD.png" width="203" /></a></div><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Lead placement and HRV</span></b><br /><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">It has been shown that <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31946698/">ECG lead placement</a> does have an effect on both waveform signal and conventional HRV indexes. Let's review the study done (healthy subjects at rest in supine position). Although they did not perform standard 12 lead ECG's we still can get a sense of what is occurring. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here is a representative comparison of the leads tested (<b>lead 2 is the closest to standard HRM belts placed in the center of the chest).</b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRAHqRtEpRakA3SkDxKVt-em_9b_3jC2rahblsYmD-AsE7_oIKuPL_jNqdkQVYSUh7e9GyWGvQHfe-GaXyYHDX5sAWIO8wrcdbzgES6V-jqCd3zW1prS3o0J2eqxI_YnRctBlCQyVtIKM/s557/ecg+leads+and+signal.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="525" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRAHqRtEpRakA3SkDxKVt-em_9b_3jC2rahblsYmD-AsE7_oIKuPL_jNqdkQVYSUh7e9GyWGvQHfe-GaXyYHDX5sAWIO8wrcdbzgES6V-jqCd3zW1prS3o0J2eqxI_YnRctBlCQyVtIKM/w604-h640/ecg+leads+and+signal.png" width="604" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We can see that the voltages and "sharpness" of the R peak are all very different.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The voltage comparison per lead:</span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ecobLAAXkXamP83PyaCUafSo8BTKHdI3dW0JottykYAsmLWRke2GmvoobE8NOK0SyPQ779uxndNIDEMkbcaGwW58Ek1GMWLQl-yBahW3IzYrLeg_s9HfSgx4CKP4EuUmAHUcSrQZBF0/s587/lead+signals.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="587" data-original-width="493" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6ecobLAAXkXamP83PyaCUafSo8BTKHdI3dW0JottykYAsmLWRke2GmvoobE8NOK0SyPQ779uxndNIDEMkbcaGwW58Ek1GMWLQl-yBahW3IzYrLeg_s9HfSgx4CKP4EuUmAHUcSrQZBF0/w538-h640/lead+signals.png" width="538" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although lead 2 did have a better R peak than most, there was tremendous variability in signal voltage (especially lead 3 which is in a location very "near" lead 2).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This was reflected in the differences between an averaged value (based on all leads) and each individual lead: <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioFosQRaRwQdB3rk9Yvp6oqOfeuYW1t6E77uK16aMBjsOmXuNalsKm-05hO08A7Nxr39MDPk09icvD_EcHqUyQjrH90uM5zM1vONTcyab6qC9ofT-aBQY11nCvWbRTnuNa5RJ2Jt3RwvM/s822/ecg+diff.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="493" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioFosQRaRwQdB3rk9Yvp6oqOfeuYW1t6E77uK16aMBjsOmXuNalsKm-05hO08A7Nxr39MDPk09icvD_EcHqUyQjrH90uM5zM1vONTcyab6qC9ofT-aBQY11nCvWbRTnuNa5RJ2Jt3RwvM/w384-h640/ecg+diff.png" width="384" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally their conclusion:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7XCkEP-9bMa9gFeIBi5ZeGjZTxGl9tWhcyRZ0nMzAAvOWIOVyYwtZyRyvmeNO3yLjYEnpwv4uERKzfB8_9riGmqtLHd03_Iu1SOqZQw1Q0kHlywsPB7QbTrkl5h2S95OfUMaxQeayyRY/s496/ecg+signal+conc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="496" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7XCkEP-9bMa9gFeIBi5ZeGjZTxGl9tWhcyRZ0nMzAAvOWIOVyYwtZyRyvmeNO3yLjYEnpwv4uERKzfB8_9riGmqtLHd03_Iu1SOqZQw1Q0kHlywsPB7QbTrkl5h2S95OfUMaxQeayyRY/w400-h175/ecg+signal+conc.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although they conjectured about the respiratory change, it is well known that cardiac axis will shift with respiration. What is <a href="https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/ecg-review/ecg-interpretation-tutorial/determining-axis">cardiac axis</a> - as noted above, it's the net electrical direction of heart muscle electrical activity. Cardiac axis (and therefore waveform) will <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338820341_Effect_of_Deep_Breathing_on_Cardiac_Axis_of_Young_Normal_Subjects_in_Various_Postures-_A_Pilot_Study">change during breathing and position </a></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoucthLe4lqJ4nuSRO7ZNLStJmOPbiL2S4aSscXyMBIoTLomhdng6EijTrTFsMv06labHrhSPwaNCMb9fyKyziigaWjQYtsJfRd7AM3qpZ1tIPAJ6MB1tYI3k2ltgKmnIt576qqPk6kUU/s561/axis+cge.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="561" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoucthLe4lqJ4nuSRO7ZNLStJmOPbiL2S4aSscXyMBIoTLomhdng6EijTrTFsMv06labHrhSPwaNCMb9fyKyziigaWjQYtsJfRd7AM3qpZ1tIPAJ6MB1tYI3k2ltgKmnIt576qqPk6kUU/w400-h155/axis+cge.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Although I did not recognize why at the time - my previous guess that my Movesense ECG waveform distortion was caused by diaphragm activity was somewhat partially correct. But it's not diaphragm muscle EMG distortion, it is actual cardiac axis shift when the HRM belt is in that particular location. </span><p></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary so far:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">ECG waveform alteration can change HRV at rest. <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Body position and respiration can alter cardiac axis - which in turn alters waveform.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Some examples:</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">First - a 12 lead ECG Ramp (sample rate 500 Hz) in an experienced triathlete: This was analyzed by Kubios and represents the same ramp/time sequence. We are looking at 3 leads - Lead 2, V3 and V5.<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisQPFSDCkCjNXV0RJUyjELcy0x3-BYGLVRPR9If8cVG8-25v7ISEHT0LyyUSsHULapZKVEVN6YBWsWYUcw1bE3EH4A16kHbywYFfIVnC3aV1E20OF2jaOe89e4Rp3az25b-_5K8C46BRc/s2048/12lead+ramp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1318" data-original-width="2048" height="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisQPFSDCkCjNXV0RJUyjELcy0x3-BYGLVRPR9If8cVG8-25v7ISEHT0LyyUSsHULapZKVEVN6YBWsWYUcw1bE3EH4A16kHbywYFfIVnC3aV1E20OF2jaOe89e4Rp3az25b-_5K8C46BRc/w640-h412/12lead+ramp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">There should no difference based on artifact, timing, since the signal measurement is simultaneous.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">However, lead V3 reads much lower than lead 2 and V5</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;">How do the waveforms look?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Lead 2: <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGiGUczj4DREgMaZN1lW6mw1hmA6lB01Q5brRrvjYrbKcaplqKDiVhMHZTRxgR-CTCznO8khiN4wOa4zHQj6A8_Ypb-pLcvWF4YHc0k1zN2qHYjxdop1-P3aFQmYkXlVIx7N-ejH-1cc/s667/lead+2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="282" data-original-width="667" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzGiGUczj4DREgMaZN1lW6mw1hmA6lB01Q5brRrvjYrbKcaplqKDiVhMHZTRxgR-CTCznO8khiN4wOa4zHQj6A8_Ypb-pLcvWF4YHc0k1zN2qHYjxdop1-P3aFQmYkXlVIx7N-ejH-1cc/w400-h169/lead+2.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Lead V3<br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivUYH7xv4uWIzWQzb3VHv_-4-0R02dzaT67BkxjUs-arRb9A5U9-YW7foQQOHabQI1D4hsVHRTmRa8NX0m5KfvUL3gXdCk9xS8mrfOM9qCJPekr-dY0I5xNwdko8Ql6PysnZG37DSS2sE/s570/lead+v3.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="570" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivUYH7xv4uWIzWQzb3VHv_-4-0R02dzaT67BkxjUs-arRb9A5U9-YW7foQQOHabQI1D4hsVHRTmRa8NX0m5KfvUL3gXdCk9xS8mrfOM9qCJPekr-dY0I5xNwdko8Ql6PysnZG37DSS2sE/w400-h173/lead+v3.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Lead V5<br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc1cBsMKZDFRkw4qFg21WRvrFGZFx-t6DzvVS6kDSKkHWY8D3AcnxYxYWLbmjMEsMgoTt4QQI0ks4eiqChewnspUQuzzdQGHIq4jX8LFEcF-1B2IIULTKtZQupCgECuhjxTtjASRO0CfU/s481/lead+v5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="277" data-original-width="481" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjc1cBsMKZDFRkw4qFg21WRvrFGZFx-t6DzvVS6kDSKkHWY8D3AcnxYxYWLbmjMEsMgoTt4QQI0ks4eiqChewnspUQuzzdQGHIq4jX8LFEcF-1B2IIULTKtZQupCgECuhjxTtjASRO0CfU/w400-h230/lead+v5.png" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">On first scrutiny, they all look fairly good (symmetry, voltage) but clearly there is a difference in a1 decline.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">However, V3 is much wider than the others and this might be an issue in deciding where the R peak falls and/or could have more cardiac axis shift with respiration, which increases through the ramp.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> Waveforms with a Movesense ECG belt</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The following were obtained with the Suunto Movesense ECG unit (512 Hz) in 4 positions by simply rotating the HRM belt</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Sensor placed by the Axilla: <br /></span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1xnIp3onKe9-l4kU42CwIOburVhxjWNF5y5as6ZFbeGJS_C89GWcAgnGOIDeK4jok5a4GZ3Z8AFNCJ9GihAGEXcqBulzol6l-49iYPBoDUuI5R7pQYbjweldlRmbVSROidSLzfRJpVK8/s382/axilla.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="207" data-original-width="382" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1xnIp3onKe9-l4kU42CwIOburVhxjWNF5y5as6ZFbeGJS_C89GWcAgnGOIDeK4jok5a4GZ3Z8AFNCJ9GihAGEXcqBulzol6l-49iYPBoDUuI5R7pQYbjweldlRmbVSROidSLzfRJpVK8/w400-h216/axilla.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Sensor Mid-line</span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ECXQgTrn8MFBUdY2qNqQIC4f6hcqOTqxY4j_fhHzx2l15RhUY18RE10U6b5tE5071CYY-Ao2ZqBy9Bn_LZlJ3QnHeREm0-mA-S3ET37uulEMwi0TNXld7eewdtOBtfXtAtMpyMF_9Us/s410/L+ctr.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="221" data-original-width="410" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ECXQgTrn8MFBUdY2qNqQIC4f6hcqOTqxY4j_fhHzx2l15RhUY18RE10U6b5tE5071CYY-Ao2ZqBy9Bn_LZlJ3QnHeREm0-mA-S3ET37uulEMwi0TNXld7eewdtOBtfXtAtMpyMF_9Us/w400-h215/L+ctr.png" width="400" /></a></div> <p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Sensor rotated Left (by nipple)</span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgy1UuTCkwTdZnhudf_9hatDtjLLLHd0g83rN2MHtHPBLR1hmAED1yU59gz_fd_QCo8HmJT02fHNSp9lJCciiMeK5Ad_dv3IlFwVtQnVuure_JrI74vuOrZSU34DRUu6aQsqYeo7ZWSQ8/s382/nipple.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="215" data-original-width="382" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgy1UuTCkwTdZnhudf_9hatDtjLLLHd0g83rN2MHtHPBLR1hmAED1yU59gz_fd_QCo8HmJT02fHNSp9lJCciiMeK5Ad_dv3IlFwVtQnVuure_JrI74vuOrZSU34DRUu6aQsqYeo7ZWSQ8/w400-h225/nipple.png" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Sensor rotated Right</span><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD8-esnWheUf4f6xhghC05DSHUyRqs1ajMuifisfGv6oESHchXBgQUVTWVC1r4zYhC6vyn8Dn3U0icdKMeT6Tto_Fno_SHrrwvZfu6mTp5OuC5WWPlAZfe08SNGtiMt9nhXypmVFkW-Fg/s397/R+ctr.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="231" data-original-width="397" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD8-esnWheUf4f6xhghC05DSHUyRqs1ajMuifisfGv6oESHchXBgQUVTWVC1r4zYhC6vyn8Dn3U0icdKMeT6Tto_Fno_SHrrwvZfu6mTp5OuC5WWPlAZfe08SNGtiMt9nhXypmVFkW-Fg/w400-h233/R+ctr.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Very different shapes, voltages and potential cardiac axis shifting.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Right vs Axillary show opposite cardiac axis polarity<b><br /></b></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Can the phenomena of HRV bias occur with conventional HRMs like a Polar H10?</b> To answer that question, I did a series of ramps wearing 3 HRMs (2 x H10 and a Movesense ECG).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Ramp comparing L rotated H10 (R edge of sensor at midline) to R rotated H10 (L edge of sensor at midline) to rotated ECG (near axilla)<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm760uugT2Db2N3K2dhcm3zfGkID9nqNeCbl2sZgXFcLqg3ZhbholAeFdKF0G1Y8PUKv27DIv5KOlH1S7-Fqy00lQXNmDg-9ZEuD7ZSqTClxJiQkrFTLdfdYn9bKd9skKDPLjQfQxrNbk/s3648/20210818_092023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2736" data-original-width="3648" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm760uugT2Db2N3K2dhcm3zfGkID9nqNeCbl2sZgXFcLqg3ZhbholAeFdKF0G1Y8PUKv27DIv5KOlH1S7-Fqy00lQXNmDg-9ZEuD7ZSqTClxJiQkrFTLdfdYn9bKd9skKDPLjQfQxrNbk/s320/20210818_092023.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The results:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhOp_X4BTsT2jbyc2IUXi9-rderGUTIphs7bkbiHic4np6LMUR6nsstBEBIsCnDXt9H315XwkLiBB-6mEFjNR3wO1wE-uR2gfLN5G2xkdb9FhrVVuBsQEz0Lbj3oDrCgTVJSZykpv7ePQ/s2048/LR++rotated+h10.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="2048" height="374" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhOp_X4BTsT2jbyc2IUXi9-rderGUTIphs7bkbiHic4np6LMUR6nsstBEBIsCnDXt9H315XwkLiBB-6mEFjNR3wO1wE-uR2gfLN5G2xkdb9FhrVVuBsQEz0Lbj3oDrCgTVJSZykpv7ePQ/w640-h374/LR++rotated+h10.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both the R rotated H10 and severely L rotated ECG are reading lower than the L rotated H10.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Ramp comparing H10 center vs H10 rotated L and ECG rotated L (similar to the H10).</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE3vmiz5ReQI_1m3n0BWLFVnvg0yyBxphzeUxTlP5JCTIyqn1jwviQ7qHXX7v0GPHpHl-OkNEfekGr6-y1hUbp6qZk76DQYsxrNAaBFmO5uxCwUaQ0FFJifPYrj78QF7opEZo7iQI8klQ/s2048/3+hrm+plot.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1110" data-original-width="2048" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE3vmiz5ReQI_1m3n0BWLFVnvg0yyBxphzeUxTlP5JCTIyqn1jwviQ7qHXX7v0GPHpHl-OkNEfekGr6-y1hUbp6qZk76DQYsxrNAaBFmO5uxCwUaQ0FFJifPYrj78QF7opEZo7iQI8klQ/w640-h346/3+hrm+plot.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">In this example all positions now show similar a1 values.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It seems that R rotated or severely L rotated sensor positions may be affected by cardiac axis changes during respiration.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Example from another rider</b> - Data obtained with Fatmaxxer, low artifact data. Session power, HR and sensor positions below, either Centered or rotated Left slightly.<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7TsC5x7LilDh4j3BJ3i7_K82cFIqtWP8g6DH5eUe294NXZBZORM0P6kAFPVhTHBElwvy7KcnA5XK2spBkKDyBCMz1MZCsvWBHEqteBIvgTeFLkZ3s0a8o4t6_WNM4PPF7qFw7xKMEdoQ/s1342/wos+ride.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="610" data-original-width="1342" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7TsC5x7LilDh4j3BJ3i7_K82cFIqtWP8g6DH5eUe294NXZBZORM0P6kAFPVhTHBElwvy7KcnA5XK2spBkKDyBCMz1MZCsvWBHEqteBIvgTeFLkZ3s0a8o4t6_WNM4PPF7qFw7xKMEdoQ/w640-h290/wos+ride.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Let's zoom in on the 2 identical intervals just after the mid portion:</span></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDFHBbXJFNMc_RriHqnei7Nc5uIHtMenxwcPSG8z_keAnenBwCTZ1q8kr8i1rJK7MyNr5Q98-WQH2x0c2pa1wnKELTGKhSUJuiRV9BnyxsKx-wC6V-chbTZ1yF8aivgIlLg3IxZDZ_Gs/s2048/wos+interval.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1220" data-original-width="2048" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVDFHBbXJFNMc_RriHqnei7Nc5uIHtMenxwcPSG8z_keAnenBwCTZ1q8kr8i1rJK7MyNr5Q98-WQH2x0c2pa1wnKELTGKhSUJuiRV9BnyxsKx-wC6V-chbTZ1yF8aivgIlLg3IxZDZ_Gs/w640-h382/wos+interval.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It appears that the left rotated positions displays higher a1 values than the center.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This evidence is not as solid as simultaneously worn HRM or from a 12 lead ECG but is certainly suggestive.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Higher a1 seen at moderate to high intensity usually implies that correlation patterns are still present. If one had the choice of the above sensor positions, it would be recommended to pick the Left position<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">To summarize:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It has been shown that RR intervals and HRV can be subtlety different depending on the various leads in a resting ECG.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">This may be due due to alteration in waveform shape, voltage and cardiac axis shifts. <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">These difference may be magnified during position change and especially respiration due to shifts in cardiac axis.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">During a 12 lead ECG recording of an athlete performing an exercise ramp, disparity in DFA a1 was seen in lead V3. This lead also had the widest R peak.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">It follows that HRM belt position could also be prone to variability in R peak precision depending on similar factors.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For the majority of users, a center HRM position is probably fine. However, if one is seeing a lower DFA a1 on a regular basis than should be the case, a slight rotation of the HRM to the left may be something to try. This rotation could provide a more symmetrical waveform.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Rotation of the HRM belt to the right is not recommended. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Waveform voltage and shape can be inspected with Fatmaxxer and Excel, since it does capture ECG snippets. <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Runners affected by the low a1 issue (while running) could try alternate HRM belt placement to optimize shape, voltage and cardiac axis shifting. <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Interestingly, we did not see the low a1 phenomena with the participants in our validation study. However, the DFA a1 was derived from lead 2 ECG data, which happens to be an optimal lead.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Finally - this observation should not reduce confidence in the ability of fractal correlation patterns to determine thresholds, fatigue and exercise loading. However, our conclusions are only as good as our data. Therefore optimization of HRM position should takes it's place along with artifact correction, HRM device quality/precision and data preprocessing as items to think about when using this methodology.<br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/01/pitfalls-in-dfa-a1-polar-belt-position.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Pitfalls in DFA a1 - Polar belt position </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-84767276692261202672021-08-16T09:21:00.002-07:002023-08-08T07:46:19.111-07:00DFA a1 HRVT and ramp slope<div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> Official study data - </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2023/08/ramp-slope-and-hrv-thresholds.html" target="_blank">Ramp slope and HRV a1 thresholds - does it matter?</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">One topic we have not explored is the effect that ramp slope (rate of power/speed increase) could have on the HRVT (1 and 2). Ramp slope does not appear to have a major effect on gas exchange parameters such as the VT1 or VO2 max, but it does affect corresponding cycling power (and muscle O2 desat). The idea behind this issue is that there is a lag between what is going on in the muscle and the associated ventilatory metrics. However, since HR is usually a linear function of VO2 (up to the VT2 at least), HR at the VT1 appears to be an accurate measure. Does that apply to the HRVT as well? On one hand there may be a lag in autonomic balance, causing a delay in a1 drop with a quick ramp. In addition, we are looking at 2 minute window sampling in a1 computation, another potential area for lag in response. However, it would be nice to have a shorter test to obtain readings for many reasons. Therefore I decided to do a 30w/minute cycling ramp instead of my usual 5w/minute standard. In addition, the end ramp power was planned to be well above the MLSS (but not to exhaustion) to make sure the a1 drop was sufficient. As in previous tests, time of day, sleep, nutrition, temp, fan, cycling gear were all similar. The 5 w/min ramp was done from 130 to 230w (20min) and the 30w/min ramp from 100 to 340w (8min).</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Standard 5w/min Ramp:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6xJ5lSg6sUyr3ohUz91wLUlqe8JvmhUw6ctM45n-qCcLdL_dnDtT7ZTriImE250Vhm_AusltkLZ4CpCB-rg_Qg9IG4QKYvfu65TTGl2lTBPFqCHCgzg0aynwQ1mVhOG2J9nrIX7ToX3w/s2600/5w+permin+ramp+HR.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="2048" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6xJ5lSg6sUyr3ohUz91wLUlqe8JvmhUw6ctM45n-qCcLdL_dnDtT7ZTriImE250Vhm_AusltkLZ4CpCB-rg_Qg9IG4QKYvfu65TTGl2lTBPFqCHCgzg0aynwQ1mVhOG2J9nrIX7ToX3w/w640-h434/5w+permin+ramp+HR.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4v2efy6uPopeePO2YZiO5bD3STzeKS3xa1-kSGOC1dAXTBDaUK-4g71WnkVT4nBd5RoZK43jbdsyEBMi6k9GJNS6fdT3ey0q8USYE4M2PTGqZdghSICnlwKosiKyR2r1YCUBYjLAq1P4/s2600/5wper+over+time.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1298" data-original-width="2048" height="406" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4v2efy6uPopeePO2YZiO5bD3STzeKS3xa1-kSGOC1dAXTBDaUK-4g71WnkVT4nBd5RoZK43jbdsyEBMi6k9GJNS6fdT3ey0q8USYE4M2PTGqZdghSICnlwKosiKyR2r1YCUBYjLAq1P4/w640-h406/5wper+over+time.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">30w/min Ramp:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKzs3f6QgafkLmozGqZI6ZFiX3rES6s4_T3Vk594BW8N4RjT7tJfb9L5YyoX2cbyYmTTOP6VA7Rocl_l4Y8iuKT01ki2hzWDeKKiYZlbp_xQEs7-jgUI4AU94TxN6Snk1FR6Y5Y9mwiiQ/s2600/30w+permin+ramp+HR.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1292" data-original-width="2048" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKzs3f6QgafkLmozGqZI6ZFiX3rES6s4_T3Vk594BW8N4RjT7tJfb9L5YyoX2cbyYmTTOP6VA7Rocl_l4Y8iuKT01ki2hzWDeKKiYZlbp_xQEs7-jgUI4AU94TxN6Snk1FR6Y5Y9mwiiQ/w640-h404/30w+permin+ramp+HR.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHDBN7l5MMSvu0Qp5XdXi-wqh9ghrjgvjYGqpB5qwuovCqp5uZvNQQaVw21dfLcsBzgP4cXSXjzTIOjQVMDrOIGMhz3_S7xgCKW2dMDL0vc5x_dIv5JyCXA4qemK_ZCNXM3tUoOs-PdNk/s2600/30wper+over+time.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1464" data-original-width="2048" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHDBN7l5MMSvu0Qp5XdXi-wqh9ghrjgvjYGqpB5qwuovCqp5uZvNQQaVw21dfLcsBzgP4cXSXjzTIOjQVMDrOIGMhz3_S7xgCKW2dMDL0vc5x_dIv5JyCXA4qemK_ZCNXM3tUoOs-PdNk/w640-h458/30wper+over+time.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Both ramps have near linear HR rise (and hence VO2 increase).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The 5w/min ramp did not have the low nadir DFA a1 seen with the 30w/min ramp - as expected since the short ramp was done to MLSS+.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Despite the huge difference in ramp slope, both HRVT and HRVT2 were very close in each case.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The HRVT is usually what I see when fresh, without fatigue. The HRVT2 HR is a bit on the low side (should have been about 156 bpm). Recall from <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/6/2/38">our study</a> that the limits of agreement are wider at the HRVT2, but in line with those of other comparative methods of MLSS (muscle O2 desat and critical power).</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Although this is N=1 early data, it may be possible to get an accurate measurement of the HRVT HR with shorter ramps. For those of you comparing HRVT over ramp slopes, I would love to hear of your experiences.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">HRVT power should not be inferred with steep slope ramps, instead use the 5w/min or even constant power intervals for that.</span></li></ul></div><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><font size="3"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><font><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></span></span></font></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/dfa-a1-hrvt-and-ramp-slope.html">DFA a1 HRVT and Ramp slope</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p></div>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-44406068123939028802021-08-08T06:17:00.003-07:002022-05-09T04:04:50.723-07:00To train hard or not, that's the question<p style="text-align: right;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2022/05/dfa-a1-review-and-update-frontiers-2022.html"> New - Update Review in Frontiers in Physiology</a><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">To train or not to train - that is the question (Shakespeare - if he was an athlete).</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">We ask ourselves this on a regular basis since if we are not sufficiently recovered from prior hard workouts (or are subclinically ill), we can make matters worse by doing high intensity training. If we have not fully recovered, we should just take it easy and do a "recovery day" style of workout. Many studies have pointed to resting HRV as a good indicator of "readiness" to train. Abundant journal article, blog posts, phone apps and HRV experts have written and recommended this. The advantage to waiting for proper HRV recovery is to get a superior training response and fitness outcome, which has been shown by several studies. Even our gold standard HRV software, Kubios has a "readiness" app for Android.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKvrqTqSUptZVuXRdUzYX2vqWZfGTX0Yma_noOv7BBg1zQnFF1LF11U_q4bIZTGssurX_6tOuwsoya7oqq-s3Z2lySRR7L3vnXbRKGiVDnNW0JeJ9tR_Bzz64xQJQOVnFfiDPO2ETndpw/s2600/kubios+hrv.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1152" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKvrqTqSUptZVuXRdUzYX2vqWZfGTX0Yma_noOv7BBg1zQnFF1LF11U_q4bIZTGssurX_6tOuwsoya7oqq-s3Z2lySRR7L3vnXbRKGiVDnNW0JeJ9tR_Bzz64xQJQOVnFfiDPO2ETndpw/w225-h400/kubios+hrv.png" width="225" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">However, for some folks, it is difficult to find the calm, restful time needed at the beginning of the day and do this on a consistent basis. There are kids to take care of, dogs to feed and a job to get to.... In addition, this type of measurement needs to be done often enough to get trends based on previous values.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In lieu of resting HRV as a readiness score, can we leverage the DFA a1 relation to exercise intensity as a surrogate? In the last post we discussed the utility of DFA a1 as a marker of <a href="https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.14814/phy2.14956">endurance exercise fatigue</a> in ultra-marathon runners - <i>while they were still exercising</i>. If the a1 is suppressed immediately post ultramarathon, is it suppressed the day after? Although we do not have published data on this, I would like to begin to share some personal observations on how I use a1 as a training guide in alerting me to a fatigued state. This type of observational evaluation should be easy to incorporate into one's training regime.</span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">What are we looking for?</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In essence we want to see if the DFA a1 is not behaving normally during or past the warmup before embarking on the decided session intensity. For instance if your HRVT (power/run speed or HR at which a1 passes 0.75) becomes altered, this is an indication that the autonomic nervous system is being affected by some perceived stressor. In my case, I start a session with cycling at a warmup power of 155 watts (50w below usual HRVT of about 205 watts). At the warmup power, DFA a1 is usually well above 1.25, and it will take a few minutes at the HRVT/AeT power (205w) to begin to see the a1 drift to about 0.75 (and stay there). Here is an example:<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTqkRnKgP278A875xzmraHlXc1KdEJBqehfenaE7ql_NMsJ2w1E5kZfy3Z6s0bPZ_wIVGZTWc5KdH5NTb_PwLwOyiYkNuRCCdTkyz8kOabkdSrF_ssf5sYlmoYkF1NbDM_cZapPvgzsyw/s2600/fresh+only.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1239" data-original-width="2048" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTqkRnKgP278A875xzmraHlXc1KdEJBqehfenaE7ql_NMsJ2w1E5kZfy3Z6s0bPZ_wIVGZTWc5KdH5NTb_PwLwOyiYkNuRCCdTkyz8kOabkdSrF_ssf5sYlmoYkF1NbDM_cZapPvgzsyw/w640-h388/fresh+only.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">What happens <b>the day after</b> 2+ hours of mixed HIT and polarized training? </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">What about after a really <b>poor nights sleep</b>? Let's find out.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The following graph consists of an overlay of the plot above (Fresh), another day of "No sleep" (NS) and a third session consisting of the day after the HIT interval sessions (Fatigue). The heart rate monitor was the same in each case, same room temp and fan speed, time of day, nutritional status, artifact <1%, etc. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Fresh</b> - This consisted of a 2+ hour ride with 10 minutes at the HRVT/AeT (above graph), 10 minutes just above the MLSS, a 60 sec Wingate max and otherwise mainly zone 1. Although this may seem trial to many of you, keep in mind that I'm not a superior athlete and am approaching 65 years old. Also of note, the "fresh" day was preceded by 3 days of "easy" cycling of 60 to 90 minutes each day (all zone 1 of 3).<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Fatigue</b> - This was the day after the "Fresh" session described above. After the usual warmup, I cycled at about 15 watts <i>below</i> the HRVT for 5 minutes to see what would happen (so in zone 1 throughout). Since the DFA a1 dropped so low, I did not extend the interval for 10 minutes, even though I wasn't subjectively tired.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>No sleep</b> - With the "no sleep" session, I had not done any exercise for 2 days and normally would have had very "fresh" legs to hit it hard. Unfortunately due to some events beyond my control, I only had about 2 hours sleep. I was pretty tired and did not even bother doing anything above the warmup power since my realtime a1 app, (Fatmaxxer) was already indicating lowish values.</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Black - Normal/Fresh</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Red - day after HIT</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Green - poor sleep</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTAeOMo6Kzw7znJASPGHYGRqHGBkCvD57sSqAIQ73xhlBoXBFCoRy1U__ND7USolGbX_d8sMZEGciAlQKTFZDUP1dDyQXCPmSwKOpD76dZPSrk8uGO8oe_M_Tv2rrfPeyNXfsYJbXW9ec/s2048/fatigue+group+shot.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1239" data-original-width="2048" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTAeOMo6Kzw7znJASPGHYGRqHGBkCvD57sSqAIQ73xhlBoXBFCoRy1U__ND7USolGbX_d8sMZEGciAlQKTFZDUP1dDyQXCPmSwKOpD76dZPSrk8uGO8oe_M_Tv2rrfPeyNXfsYJbXW9ec/w640-h388/fatigue+group+shot.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Observations:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Heart rates were very close in all conditions</b> (even during the interval) and would not be particularly useful in separating out fresh vs the others.</span></li><li><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Poor sleep (green) had marked DFA a1 suppression at warmup power - values were near 0.75 at a power 50 watts below the HRVT/AeT.</span></b></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Fatigue (red) showed lower values during the warmup but plummeted quickly when power was raised to near HRVT (about 15w below)</b>. In fact, <b>values passed 0.5 and were approaching 0.25</b> while in zone 1 - these are usually seen at intensities above the LT2, VT2, MLSS, CP. As mentioned, I felt a bit tired and could have gone on (but did not). <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Practical lessons:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Extrapolating from our ultramarathon study, it appears that DFA a1 behavior is altered even 24 hours post HIT training (and the day after poor quality sleep).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Realtime observation of DFA a1 while warming up and over a short low intensity interval near the HRVT/AeT (still zone 1) shows potential as a marker of persistent fatigue. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Incorporating this comparison into the warmup or a brief interval done near the HRVT can provide interesting insights that may translate to a "readiness" to train indicator. Suggested comparisons include DFA a1 observation during the warmup and a brief (5 min) interval near the HRVT/AeT power - looking for </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;">unusual a1 suppression. As noted in my example, DFA a1 values below 0.5 occurred with a short interval in the upper bounds of zone 1 (or zone 2 of 5) indicating autonomic perturbation.<br /></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Further study is needed to determine if DFA a1 can be used as a metric early in the exercise session to optimize what type of workout is most appropriate that day. <br /></span></li></ul><p><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/dfa-a1-as-biomarker-of-fatigue-article.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 as a marker of endurance exercise fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-23294437572389517402021-07-22T03:12:00.001-07:002021-08-08T06:20:42.599-07:00DFA a1 as a biomarker of fatigue - article review<div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Over the past year we have focused on using an index of short term correlation properties of HRV, also known as DFA a1, as a useful tool in delineating exercise thresholds and controlling training intensity distribution. But, can we also use the relationship of a1 and exercise intensity to examine other issues? Since a1 reflects changes in autonomic balance and overall "organismic" demand, there could be a shift in behavior after a fatiguing endurance effort. In a <a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html">previous post</a> I discussed a personal observation demonstrating a change in a1 behavior post HIT. There was a reduction in the HRVT (the a1 based aerobic threshold) after high intensity intervals but not after a session of cycling for 1 hour near the aerobic threshold. So far, no published work has looked at a1 as a biomarker of endurance exercise fatigue. However, an article looking at <a href="https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.14814/phy2.14956">DFA a1 behavior post Ultra-marathon</a> has been released today, which we will review (with thanks to the hard work of the volunteer runners, and coauthors). Although one should read the original article for details, I wanted to add some additional comments and potential use case scenarios in using a1 to help monitor long distance endurance physiology either retrospectively or in real time. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLkJwqf5XqbQSIbjY1igilQIovID-_p5CN66T6AXsT5hlIHSHheZsy9F_tjRyx6npL3I0XVLEPNxVZI6XGxktfFlaatTs9W6-SRYgWIwnypROgQNhtBCEPCsmqdxgVScWehu74VNja0IM/s1058/Screenshot+2021-07-21+181342.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="377" data-original-width="1058" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLkJwqf5XqbQSIbjY1igilQIovID-_p5CN66T6AXsT5hlIHSHheZsy9F_tjRyx6npL3I0XVLEPNxVZI6XGxktfFlaatTs9W6-SRYgWIwnypROgQNhtBCEPCsmqdxgVScWehu74VNja0IM/w640-h228/Screenshot+2021-07-21+181342.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>The study</b> - In brief, a group of experienced ultra marathon runners either ran for 6 hours or did usual daytime activity. Testing was done pre and immediately post run-(fatigue)/rest-(control). </span></p><blockquote><i><span style="font-family: arial;">Two weeks after collecting baseline demographic and gas exchange data, 11 experienced ultramarathon runners were divided into two groups. Seven runners performed a simulated ultramarathon for 6 h (Fatigue group, FG) and four runners performed daily activity over a similar period (Control group, CG). Before (Pre) and after (Post) the ultramarathon or daily activity, DFA a1, heart rate (HR), running economy (RE) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) were measured while running on a treadmill at 3 m/s </span></i></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Running economy refers to the VO2 (oxygen consumption) per unit speed. Since the speed was fixed Pre/Post, it was essentially the VO2.</span></p><blockquote><i><span style="font-family: arial;">In Pre versus Post comparisons, data showed <b>a decline with large effect size in DFA a1 post intervention only for FG (Pre: 0.71, Post: 0.32; d = 1.34)</b>, with minor differences and small effect sizes in HR (d = 0.02) and RE (d = 0.21). CG showed only minor differences with small effect sizes in DFA a1 (d = 0.19), HR (d = 0.15), and RE (d = 0.31). <b>CMJ vertical peak force showed fatigue‐induced decreases with large effect size in FG (</b>d = 0.82) compared to CG (d = 0.02). At the completion of an ultramarathon, DFA a1 decreased with large effect size while running at low intensity compared to pre‐race values. DFA a1 may offer an opportunity for real‐time tracking of physiologic status in terms of monitoring for fatigue and possibly as an early warning signal of systemic perturbation.</span></i></blockquote><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Take home point</b> - DFA a1 declined in almost all runners after the 6 hour run </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;">(A)</span>, but not in controls (B) while running at the same speed as in the before Ultra run test. In the one case where it did not decline post Ultra marathon, it was already suppressed beforehand.<br /></span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoe-U1yc2XdTQg7Bu1Dq48XJyk-XDC2F4A9xicmaTDgGgKfLrNCrFolO3HJjIUgJNODDAqTUPzkgEBNIJ2ERPS8AhDfcowtulXc2dptbLZN5GUDGNfVrMXJvFYL1y3Q9FXBI4EI87cb1g/s2128/phy214956-fig-0001-m.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="856" data-original-width="2128" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoe-U1yc2XdTQg7Bu1Dq48XJyk-XDC2F4A9xicmaTDgGgKfLrNCrFolO3HJjIUgJNODDAqTUPzkgEBNIJ2ERPS8AhDfcowtulXc2dptbLZN5GUDGNfVrMXJvFYL1y3Q9FXBI4EI87cb1g/w640-h258/phy214956-fig-0001-m.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><br /></b></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Note that the a1 values seen after the 6 hour run are quite low, below the .5, uncorrelated value, usually seen near the FTP/MLSS despite the running intensity being very mild (zone 1).</b></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Singe subject example of Ultramarathon Pre Post changes</b><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Although it is difficult to include single subject time varying data as a statistical entity, I would like to show an example of one athlete. Below is a time varying plot of a1/HR while running on a treadmill at an easy pace - comparing results before and after the Ultra run.</span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8oIjzuBQI93AW5wTZbP01jXA5AjA-gPMSKitCAjBUPxB6eHQ605J3scDrT21gL-0Qt0CuDpWQcZ2qZfJk6w0znbMJjPJMTapPeqE-Tb0AvbeSj3hQI5CVvJHeE_Kczw2UUtxnBau96p4/s2048/prepost+a1.png"><img border="0" data-original-height="1255" data-original-width="2048" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8oIjzuBQI93AW5wTZbP01jXA5AjA-gPMSKitCAjBUPxB6eHQ605J3scDrT21gL-0Qt0CuDpWQcZ2qZfJk6w0znbMJjPJMTapPeqE-Tb0AvbeSj3hQI5CVvJHeE_Kczw2UUtxnBau96p4/w640-h392/prepost+a1.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The HR values are about the same pre/post <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">DFA a1 is markedly suppressed (in red) after the Ultra run (while running at the same easy pace) compared to that before the 6 hour run (black).</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The DFA a1 seen during the post Ultra run are below .5, corresponding to values seen near or above the FTP/MLSS/LT2 <br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>What about "conventional" HRV metrics (SD1 as the example):</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOCf9wdUc1-XSACLdkEDZHsHOU91MwDPe-FmZ9g-4O5UcxRUxjr4ef1YH8LQ0HaOKaO3jgKPXVLCGNVPrqCj6ZXRZZXRVikygowdX1KohDSRfj7PXYHEH6tDA2qP_Y4lkStljXD1jtuO0/s2048/sd1+ultra.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1254" data-original-width="2048" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOCf9wdUc1-XSACLdkEDZHsHOU91MwDPe-FmZ9g-4O5UcxRUxjr4ef1YH8LQ0HaOKaO3jgKPXVLCGNVPrqCj6ZXRZZXRVikygowdX1KohDSRfj7PXYHEH6tDA2qP_Y4lkStljXD1jtuO0/w640-h392/sd1+ultra.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">SD1 seen running an an easy pace pre or post Ultra run are about the same.</span><br /></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For those of us who track SD1 or it's <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28073153/">equivilant RMSSD</a>, this is not a surprise. Minimal exertion generally suppresses this index and one needs to observe a nadir on an incremental ramp to attempt aerobic threshold measurement. We can see that it has little or no discrimination as a "fatigue" marker during exercise.</span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Practical implications of fatigue induced DFA a1 suppression. </b> Now that we have some solid data showing a1 behavior is affected after a fatiguing event, how can we leverage this information for training and fitness assessments? Here are some theoretical use case scenarios employing DFA a1 for monitoring fatigue and ways to make use of this property (with statements from the article in quotation):</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>"Real‐time DFA a1 monitoring during endurance exercise could be used to inform an individual about current physiologic (fatigue) status and potential metabolic destabilization"</i>.</b> Although a1 behavior would probably be ignored as a safety measure during a race, knowledge of inappropriate decline during a long training session could prevent unwanted stress and signal when it's time to back off or stop entirely. For example, in preparing for an ultra marathon or lengthy cycling endeavor, one will be performing very long endurance training sessions leading up to the event. It certainly would be helpful to have some forewarning of impending metabolic destabilization (organ injury included). Real time observation of a1 might be particularly valuable in this case. If one were seeing marked a1 suppression in the anti-correlated range (<.5) at an usually easy pace, that could herald potential unwanted training stress.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>"It is also possible that altered DFA a1 kinetics such as a delay of its decline over a given pace/distance following a training intervention could signify an improving performance status"</i>.</b> In this case we would be looking at improvements in DFA a1 after HIT or lengthy endurance sessions. For instance, you note that the a1 values are about ..5 to .7 after a 3 hour cycling bout at an average power near the AeT. After 6 weeks of "training" (your choice), you find that after the same average power, the DFA a1 is now tracking .8 to 1.0. Although not a formally tested comparison metric, it would make sense that this improvement in a1 behavior is a reflection of improving ability to tolerate that load. Moreover, that improvement may translate to less neuromuscular fatigue after the 3 hours, allowing for better sprints and pace. As far as current news regarding the realm of fatigue recovery, I found it interesting that one of the professional cycling teams is now offering <a href="https://www.velonews.com/training/ef-launches-coaching-service-with-access-to-its-staff-and-riders/">coaching</a><a href="https://www.velonews.com/training/ef-launches-coaching-service-with-access-to-its-staff-and-riders/"> services</a> to all (for a fee of course). One of their selling points is assessing effects of cycling fatigue/recovery with pre/post metrics:</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmBV1P8fWNwPuqI2nMqzqqnKp4bcZwA_lmjlEg0CC3vgJ8TwqsFYRDewaeDF4QbqbVwOyBBJxB1smqrbAecaHnk3_tJk-elNxDlVBSsnxnXYLZiBGhrXnMz8OVEKKRVpPCtLIpEPMIOec/s932/dtp.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="842" data-original-width="932" height="578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmBV1P8fWNwPuqI2nMqzqqnKp4bcZwA_lmjlEg0CC3vgJ8TwqsFYRDewaeDF4QbqbVwOyBBJxB1smqrbAecaHnk3_tJk-elNxDlVBSsnxnXYLZiBGhrXnMz8OVEKKRVpPCtLIpEPMIOec/w640-h578/dtp.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">With a Polar H10, power meter, smartphone and Fatmaxxer/Runalyze/HRV logger we can do something similar. How? By monitoring power and DFA a1 after a lengthy exercise session with an eye on achieving a more robust a1 correlation (higher a1 values at the same power/interval workout) as you train and become more fit. <br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In addition, with the arrhythmia detection capability of Fatmaxxer and a Polar H10, potentially dangerous cardiac ectopy can also be spotted.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351064181_The_Importance_of_%27Durability%27_in_the_Physiological_Profiling_of_Endurance_Athletes">Others</a> have recently written about this concept as a "durability" of performance over time and intensity:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Profiling physiological attributes is an important role for applied exercise physiologists working with endurance athletes. These attributes are typically assessed in well-rested athletes. However, as has been demonstrated in the literature and supported by field data presented here, the attributes measured during routine physiological-profiling assessments are not static, but change over time during prolonged exercise. If not accounted for, shifts in these physiological attributes during prolonged exercise have implications for the accuracy of their use in intensity regulation during prolonged training sessions or competitions, quantifying training adaptations, training-load programming and monitoring, and the prediction of exercise performance. In this review, we argue that current models used in the routine physiological profiling of endurance athletes do not account for these shifts. Therefore, applied exercise physiologists working with endurance athletes would benefit from development of physiological-profiling models that account for <b>shifts in physiological-profiling variables during prolonged exercise and quantify the ‘durability’ of individual athletes, here defined as the time of onset and magnitude of deterioration in physiological-profiling characteristics over time during prolonged exercise</b>. </i></span><br /><br />This situation has also been spoken of and <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hvB6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT205&lpg=PT205&dq=Lance+Armstrong:+%E2%80%98Recovery%E2%80%A6+that%E2%80%99s+the+name+of+the+game%E2%80%A6+Whoever+recovers+the+fastest+does+the+best.%E2%80%99&source=bl&ots=HZf-hiPR7X&sig=ACfU3U3iSOlboAGHWXt6egc_o8fK-NtpTQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG0tCAsu3xAhVGc98KHSVbDDEQ6AEwBnoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false">clear to athletes</a> in the past:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKHlrxpizeZkjFS96pqQlXwnpdXPkd2-Adp51vOIGDXS6mBYTk-e5J4I8q3swy33F_4zXmEQbPEzrUa_7WJEKbxP9WJl62_66DK0HqoXkFa8UYnjeT7E-osxTGhZ-MngS-S24YHV7Sh1M/s707/lance+recove.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="137" data-original-width="707" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKHlrxpizeZkjFS96pqQlXwnpdXPkd2-Adp51vOIGDXS6mBYTk-e5J4I8q3swy33F_4zXmEQbPEzrUa_7WJEKbxP9WJl62_66DK0HqoXkFa8UYnjeT7E-osxTGhZ-MngS-S24YHV7Sh1M/w640-h125/lance+recove.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This quote dates well before his last days - when still in his youth. Although I couldn't find a video of the interview, I remember watching Lance speak during his last TDF. He described how, at this more advanced age, recovery was not what it was as in his younger days. Although his peak values were still on par, he needed to carefully manage his efforts to preserve himself over the course of 3 weeks of racing - hence recovery potential. With DFA a1, we have an objective measure of recovery comparisons.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>In session "readiness to train"</b><br /></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Seeing "suppressed" DFA a1 at what are usually zone 1 power levels. This may indicate residual fatigue or over reaching. Backing down power/pace in response to this information may help with proper recovery. For instance, at a power/pace well into the zone 1 range, seeing a1 already at or below the .75 range is a warning sign that you are not fully recovered from previous training. Although this remains to be proven, it would be a logical assumption of the above study. <b> For those of us who don't do resting HRV on a regular basis, this may serve a similar role - in other words, don't do an intensity session if the a1 is already inappropriately low at the beginning of exercise.</b><br /></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b> </b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Summary:</b></span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For the first time, published data indicates the potential usage of <b>DFA a1 monitoring as a biomarker for endurance exercise fatigue</b>.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For optimal usage, <b>accurate DFA a1 calculation is essential</b>. Avoidance of excess artifact, using a precise HRM (Polar H10 or ECG) and appropriate software are all important factors to consider when comparing your results to those seen in the literature.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Potential use case scenarios include:</span></li><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><b>Forewarning</b> of <b>physiologic/metabolic derangement</b> during long distance training in real time before disruption occurs while still exercising. Although one can stop and do a series of CMJ or lab tests, it's hard to imagine any other modality indicating fatigue while the activity is in progress. Although HR can "drift" over a <a href="https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2012/810859/">long exercise session</a>, it is not a reliable measure of endurance fatigue.<br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Assessment of <b>fitness improvement/recovery kinetics</b> after a new or novel training intervention. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">As an indicator of <b>already existing fatigue/over-reaching</b> early in the course of an exercise session. In other words - are you ready for an intense session or need a low intensity recovery?<br /></span></li></ul></ul></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Part 2 - </span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/08/to-train-hard-or-not-thats-question.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">To train hard or not, that's the question </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></p><p><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
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Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger 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face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", 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style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-arrythmiaartifact-visualization.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG arrhythmia and artifact visualization tips </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul><p><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5699699130631903971.post-39531191593184967462021-07-10T13:42:00.006-07:002022-11-30T10:43:33.018-08:00ECG Arrythmia/Artifact visualization - some tips<p><span style="font-family: arial;">Now that we have an easy to implement way to capture HRV artifacts as ECG snippets with Fatmaxxer, I wanted to share a few tips and tricks for going through the visualization sequence quickly and with minimal cost. If you have Kubios premium, just opening the .ecg file and viewing it is all we need:</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYMLFOrlPQUyzbWr5urBrIhIFDMVExGsSbb3JuFoS6IgVTimgvn2wNenMRqHfVHtqKoy5vAWTpCkSzCSSeev1eXk6NyuyRXK8iq7x4V7duyoow3QNFI9TITJFH2ukG6dDCFEDDLNEqz8k/s1581/kubios+ecg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="1581" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYMLFOrlPQUyzbWr5urBrIhIFDMVExGsSbb3JuFoS6IgVTimgvn2wNenMRqHfVHtqKoy5vAWTpCkSzCSSeev1eXk6NyuyRXK8iq7x4V7duyoow3QNFI9TITJFH2ukG6dDCFEDDLNEqz8k/w640-h210/kubios+ecg.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">But, for those who don't have Kubios premium, we need to rely on Excel. The issue here is it can be time consuming to go through each segment one at a time to see what's there. However, with the help of an <a href="https://enginexcel.com/zoom-chart">Excel plugin</a> which allows zoom and plot axis shifting, you can quickly scan through the ECG file and locate the areas in question for further analysis. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjov1tYSOTx6YSWHSaxY0p9fdUnKiOJZDZIcvZpDwTz4dnyFp-asVaXFXB6o9QZSf8si-Ze1jbRoiEUi-maXWNpHhfZljXUQT9cdO2XsUB7CXhUwh8VyiqJl6M-uvoybSHndc34Yp0zHVg/s1591/plugin.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="1591" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjov1tYSOTx6YSWHSaxY0p9fdUnKiOJZDZIcvZpDwTz4dnyFp-asVaXFXB6o9QZSf8si-Ze1jbRoiEUi-maXWNpHhfZljXUQT9cdO2XsUB7CXhUwh8VyiqJl6M-uvoybSHndc34Yp0zHVg/w640-h302/plugin.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Basic steps:</span></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Download and install the plugin.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Follow the directions in the prior post on Fatmaxxer ECG strips to obtain the .ecg file</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the file in Excel.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Add a new column as "A" - then create an <a href="https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/automatically-number-rows-76ce49e3-d8d2-459b-bd85-ee1d3973e6e6">auto number sequence</a> starting at 1 </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Select the A column as X and the yV column as Y - make a XY scatter plot</span></li></ul><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEziGxboe_iBXYWA5sBF70lduuq35VfM6-aDJu6iZsQ8T56gLky8FWRFPk8DqYG9LV8A580H-Lb2n39YMmABFpjeA_TfS-JzdCixJBEliE20iUcFI1fW1Oz9KEBlI6QVHvp8F8wLK2kCs/s2048/xy+scatt.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="2048" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEziGxboe_iBXYWA5sBF70lduuq35VfM6-aDJu6iZsQ8T56gLky8FWRFPk8DqYG9LV8A580H-Lb2n39YMmABFpjeA_TfS-JzdCixJBEliE20iUcFI1fW1Oz9KEBlI6QVHvp8F8wLK2kCs/w400-h209/xy+scatt.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /> </span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Change the points to lines but leave the axis alone</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Make sure the ecg chart is actively selected <br /></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Open the EnginExcel tab - select Zoom chart <br /></span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsw8MGtj2CNM0di6ISwBzkWWkrxOFQ8_BdAZyK19fiJvMD4D-cWvIhoH2AzLCMLaeD3abg3WsViv7k9if9VAbfI5ggfd5xf2PI2JlmyOC7Rj_1N20n31Fai6I7FF9FJeCE039f62ZW8gU/s1581/zoom+tool1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1042" data-original-width="1581" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsw8MGtj2CNM0di6ISwBzkWWkrxOFQ8_BdAZyK19fiJvMD4D-cWvIhoH2AzLCMLaeD3abg3WsViv7k9if9VAbfI5ggfd5xf2PI2JlmyOC7Rj_1N20n31Fai6I7FF9FJeCE039f62ZW8gU/w640-h422/zoom+tool1.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Change the X axis scale zoom - use the "Only X" choice for zooming the <b>time</b>, the Y should not need much zoom.</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaUuhssCNljlGn6Do88MqXTbkn7UK6Rio535HC4oK3cactKJzLm1rp_FF6e_jxpLLeXHvxdsd1s69tlZInkhcGqn7znlogUQY2oKdrLhqcIZSc_Zc7qW6PuZiR9vJ1s779qEO0TJpplJA/s1328/ctrls.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="1328" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaUuhssCNljlGn6Do88MqXTbkn7UK6Rio535HC4oK3cactKJzLm1rp_FF6e_jxpLLeXHvxdsd1s69tlZInkhcGqn7znlogUQY2oKdrLhqcIZSc_Zc7qW6PuZiR9vJ1s779qEO0TJpplJA/w640-h332/ctrls.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Start at the beginning of the file - by first zooming in, then moving to the Left (beginning) and then progressively move to the Right frame by frame.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">When you find a wide QRS complex, stop and zoom further </span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyQtSjktUZIPblP9kSDYrmHtCgO0RWWKZkUaw4JszC3wi2h1KicYjSA_dox_9sepjlX3tp3cG6irjnWvn5OFou5Vr4HgN3Ks-jDyoLGhEP9k9w3LxnvNbANmiGj2VlxyZsOBRQzxaHWJA/s1553/zoom+tool2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="995" data-original-width="1553" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyQtSjktUZIPblP9kSDYrmHtCgO0RWWKZkUaw4JszC3wi2h1KicYjSA_dox_9sepjlX3tp3cG6irjnWvn5OFou5Vr4HgN3Ks-jDyoLGhEP9k9w3LxnvNbANmiGj2VlxyZsOBRQzxaHWJA/w640-h410/zoom+tool2.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Locate the segment for analysis</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Look at the X axis and find the segment that corresponds to the number in column A</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Match up the time stamp to the heart rate/part of the exercise session for informational purpose. In this example, I would see what I was doing at 8:29. Stress, high effort, dehydration, high temps etc should be noted.<br /></span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO6_eVeyMfl5O7Rirl1-0kraleDp-BwDR-UFsSt5HSSeM7B92WW1IxvMM-sDVsl5EaOi2XCAUFwgBGy8lowb5_Motv8ySgiiJdqQx5hgA8U2Y4nlLttEEvPG9F3ine5slSgSoBab5W_hM/s855/zoom+tool4.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="197" data-original-width="855" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO6_eVeyMfl5O7Rirl1-0kraleDp-BwDR-UFsSt5HSSeM7B92WW1IxvMM-sDVsl5EaOi2XCAUFwgBGy8lowb5_Motv8ySgiiJdqQx5hgA8U2Y4nlLttEEvPG9F3ine5slSgSoBab5W_hM/w640-h148/zoom+tool4.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">To get a better look you can isolate the segment</span><br /></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Plot out just the segment (using the sampleNr and yV columns) and make sure the axis scale is correct</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmKhN0PJKBJRPnPS0MnM5S-L2AKVZBbKXEWtd402czwzK20P8X5xVSQ-KncQxXk8ADkmTjCd2FAmKutRLc8ofwbCAEpcLDuewbLl4rlY-liwB0wHp6vBOLkfharFrmH8D9sun4D6WzyfA/s1543/zoom+tool5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="647" data-original-width="1543" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmKhN0PJKBJRPnPS0MnM5S-L2AKVZBbKXEWtd402czwzK20P8X5xVSQ-KncQxXk8ADkmTjCd2FAmKutRLc8ofwbCAEpcLDuewbLl4rlY-liwB0wHp6vBOLkfharFrmH8D9sun4D6WzyfA/w640-h268/zoom+tool5.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Figure out the beat type - <span style="color: red;"><b>generally a ventricular premature complex will be wide</b></span>, have a different T wave morphology and not reset the atrial pacemaker. Therefore the beat sequence will be preserved. </span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">The trace below is from the entire file - The first 2 beats (blue circle) represent the joining of segments, so the timing will be different - do not mistake that for an APC.<br /></span></li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0BO9L0aMItr_JE20dXiQNi7-TJ-x3K1JgbvfcLY7BekaOd2at2cKjxFGcy3J0sIBD1QUS7qbJwYYNZZ4QzSEDXIj2wMB-aY1P3tzG1wySWiSmQMjybzCAufjQvvf8kQiboew-VRHYhBs/s2701/vpc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1164" data-original-width="2701" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0BO9L0aMItr_JE20dXiQNi7-TJ-x3K1JgbvfcLY7BekaOd2at2cKjxFGcy3J0sIBD1QUS7qbJwYYNZZ4QzSEDXIj2wMB-aY1P3tzG1wySWiSmQMjybzCAufjQvvf8kQiboew-VRHYhBs/w640-h276/vpc.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Below is an early beat, <span style="color: red;"><b>an atrial premature complex (APC) - it has normal morphology, a slightly abnormal appearing P wave and a short PR interval (red circle)</b></span>. It generally should reset the pacemaker and the pause after would not be compensatory - but it occasionally is. Although this example is atypical, the narrow complex is fairly diagnostic for an APC. </span></li></ul><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrAbanJHbmSgOSOHkXR1SHuKkH_uvDJfSb4QcuE6sRPOX8ldzVOox_D9Q8FoWXCL6qIf-WNwfPLG5TqOWKWtbWFr5fc3xeyPJOSQrtm6ymH-N-IhENZsO9niyw0y8IcSI8WkMSuXJlSMI/s2798/apc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1124" data-original-width="2798" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrAbanJHbmSgOSOHkXR1SHuKkH_uvDJfSb4QcuE6sRPOX8ldzVOox_D9Q8FoWXCL6qIf-WNwfPLG5TqOWKWtbWFr5fc3xeyPJOSQrtm6ymH-N-IhENZsO9niyw0y8IcSI8WkMSuXJlSMI/w640-h258/apc.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Continue scanning until the end:</span></li></ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIikZAlnRsRfR8mze5hXFiiErB5y5YFYNVU4_HfjnARHABpBzLhm046YiH6YKSd_r4J-aG4ojMnWMZWVSjmtTgC-3SJ2ID_7GQJ89iqt3FhOAwdvZBipVPmV2FdRv5Q47BZ5Rawu8EQE0/s1342/zoom+tool6.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="1342" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIikZAlnRsRfR8mze5hXFiiErB5y5YFYNVU4_HfjnARHABpBzLhm046YiH6YKSd_r4J-aG4ojMnWMZWVSjmtTgC-3SJ2ID_7GQJ89iqt3FhOAwdvZBipVPmV2FdRv5Q47BZ5Rawu8EQE0/w640-h270/zoom+tool6.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Comments on ECG reading from a single lead:</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Recently I noted some wide complex beats in my own ECG strips and could not decide whether they were atrial or ventricular in origin. Although atrial beats are usually of normal narrow appearance, occasionally they will show as wide complexes due to conduction system blockade (usually right bundle branch block). The reason behind this is that the conduction fibers themselves have a non uniform refractory period, so the ventricle is not excited in the usual pattern. There are a set of clues in making the decision on abnormal beat origin, of which some rely on the presence of beat timing (VPC does not reset the pacer but APC does). But, some APCs do not reset the pacer, so we usually look at other leads to help decide. Without those other leads, it can be problematic.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I asked for several opinions on this from both cardiology and ER docs (they did not agree).<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcbt8mP52abftS46_z9By_0V3E2jwNJm0iWSq-EFs_MTRgb4x6PtMKHA2f-cGjdfRaCo9KmFKEQu-hs_Lrf5fVwqTXZQWTlj2QAzULyYJUur13QbjIQqgRMhW1eQK2nDveJCp1AM78g1Y/s725/image002%25281%2529.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="725" height="346" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcbt8mP52abftS46_z9By_0V3E2jwNJm0iWSq-EFs_MTRgb4x6PtMKHA2f-cGjdfRaCo9KmFKEQu-hs_Lrf5fVwqTXZQWTlj2QAzULyYJUur13QbjIQqgRMhW1eQK2nDveJCp1AM78g1Y/w640-h346/image002%25281%2529.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The cardiologist felt this was an APC with conduction delay, followed by a VPC. However, the first APC did not reset the pacer.<br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxz5LnX2zF0gDoeGHb8Njl3_Pac7q7aF_CmdWPnV_cl1GLVI9bH9smOCIyy_EDOFNaxg2T3zkpGipmNMXTCJ0eWezQcfMA-eVV2bUIrdb4kC4fV4wvi_BF0_0O-688Oxrc1IkDIeFC-TM/s722/image003%25281%2529.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="722" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxz5LnX2zF0gDoeGHb8Njl3_Pac7q7aF_CmdWPnV_cl1GLVI9bH9smOCIyy_EDOFNaxg2T3zkpGipmNMXTCJ0eWezQcfMA-eVV2bUIrdb4kC4fV4wvi_BF0_0O-688Oxrc1IkDIeFC-TM/w640-h344/image003%25281%2529.png" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">And this was felt to be a VPC.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The reason is based purely on the timing issue:<br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg01EC0TXlfqtu0GO80nWE-qIoUofEQJ8KkHApRH0w8T46vIVCTNIypXEMAWje0e-7DA4dv-p_UGGEpyrQ-mumkIUPR7FhSbDasEnC-4tz7qnA79zhByPQPzZk2LRAT8DPqqmxUsPqnrek/s615/image005.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="538" data-original-width="615" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg01EC0TXlfqtu0GO80nWE-qIoUofEQJ8KkHApRH0w8T46vIVCTNIypXEMAWje0e-7DA4dv-p_UGGEpyrQ-mumkIUPR7FhSbDasEnC-4tz7qnA79zhByPQPzZk2LRAT8DPqqmxUsPqnrek/w400-h350/image005.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;">Bottom line - interpretation of wide complex beats using a single lead depends on timing, P wave visualization and can be difficult. If you see many of these - get it checked out by an expert.<br /></span><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial;">Summary:</span></b></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: arial;">An easy to use Excel plugin makes scanning the .ecg file quick and easy.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">For most people, some APC activity is to be expected.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Having many VPC/wide complexes during rest or exertion may indicate a problem.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">Reading a single lead tracing can be a challenge and occasionally it is impossible to separate a VPC from an APC with a conduction block.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;">If you are concerned, bringing this data to your physicians attention is a reasonable idea.<br /></span></li></ul><p><br /></p><blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><b>Heart rate variability during dynamic exercise </b></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><ul><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/05/firstbeat-vo2-estimation-valid-or-voodoo.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Firstbeat VO2 estimation - valid or voodoo? </span></a></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/hrv-in-dynamic-exercise.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Heart rate variability during exercise - threshold testing</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/firstbeat-vo2-estimates-exercise-in-heat.html" target="_blank">Exercise in the heat and VO2 max estimation</a></span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/06/dfa-alpha1-hrv-complexity-and-polarized.html" target="_blank">DFA alpha1, HRV complexity and polarized training</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/07/hrv-artifact-avoidance-vs-correction.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact avoidance vs correction, getting it right the first time </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/11/vt1-correlation-to-hrv-revisited.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">VT1 correlation to HRV indexes - revisited </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/dfa-a1-and-zone-1-limits-effect-of.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 and Zone 1 limits - the effect of Kubios artifact correction</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2019/12/hrv-artifact-effects-on-dfa-a1-using.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">HRV artifact effects on DFA a1 using alternate software </span></span></span></a></span> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/03/a-just-published-article-on-dfa-a1-and.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">A just published article on DFA a1 and Zone 1 demarcation </span></span></a></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-vs-intensity-metrics-via-ramp-vs.html" target="_blank">DFA a1 vs intensity metrics via ramp vs constant power intervals</a> </span></span></span></font></span></li><span style="font-family: arial;"><font size="3">
</font></span><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/05/dfa-a1-decline-with-intensity-effect-of.html" target="_blank"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 decline with intensity, effect of elevated skin temperature </span></span></a></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/09/fractal-correlation-properties-of-heart.html">Fractal
Correlation Properties of Heart Rate Variability (DFA a1): A New
Biomarker for Intensity Distribution in Endurance Exercise </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-v20-firmware.html">Movesense Medical ECG V2.0 Firmware brief review </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/10/movesense-medical-ecg-improving.html">Movesense Medical ECG - improving the waveform and HRV accuracy </a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/11/dfa-a1-and-aerobic-threshold-video.html"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the aerobic threshold, video conference presentation </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></a></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-running-ramp-and-sample-rate.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - running ramp and sample rate observations with the Movesense ECG </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/dfa-a1-calculation-kubios-vs-python.html">DFA a1 calculation - Kubios vs Python mini validation</a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/frontiers-in-physiology-validation-of.html">Frontiers in Physiology - Validation of DFA a1 as a marker of VT1 </a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/real-time-aerobic-thresholds-and.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Real time Aerobic thresholds and polarized training with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2020/12/rest-day-with-hrv-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Active Recovery with HRV Logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/01/dfa-a1-and-exercise-intensity-faq.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and exercise intensity FAQ </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-agreement-using-polar-h10-ecg.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 agreement using Polar H10, ECG, HRV logger </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/fatigue-hit-and-dfa-a1-behavior.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 post HIT, and as marker of fatigue </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/03/dfa-a1-stability-over-longer-exercise.html">DFA a1 stability over longer exercise times</a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-sample-rates-and-device-quirks.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1, Sample rates and Device quirks </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/04/dfa-a1-and-hrvt2-vt2lt2.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 and the HRVT2 - VT2/LT2 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/low-dfa-a1-while-running-possible-fix.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Low DFA a1 while running - a possible fix? </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/runalyze-vs-kubios-dfa-a1-agreement.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Runalyze vs Kubios DFA a1 agreement </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/dfa-a1-runalyze-vs-kubios-vs-logger.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">DFA a1 - Runalyze vs Kubios vs Logger results in a cyclist </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/05/best-practices-for-runalyze-and-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Best practices for Runalyze and DFA a1 thresholds </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/acsm-hrvt-validation-in-cardiac-disease.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ACSM - HRVT validation in a cardiac disease population </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/fatmaxxer-new-app-for-real-time-dfa-a1.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">FatMaxxer - a new app for real time a1 </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/06/another-look-at-indoor-exercise-without.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">Another look at indoor exercise without a fan </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li><li><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><a href="http://www.muscleoxygentraining.com/2021/07/ecg-artifact-strips-from-fatmaxxer-guide.html"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><font face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><font size="3"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif"><span face=""arial", "helvetica", sans-serif">ECG artifact strips from Fatmaxxer - a guide </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></font></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></li></ul>BJRMDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03840322337577591292noreply@blogger.com0